Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to H Oura.
Methylguanidine (MG)-synthesizing enzyme was purified from rat kidney lysosomes and peroxisomes. The enzyme was a flavoprotein with a molecular weight of about 37,000 and oxidized creatol to produce MG. The present results suggest that the reaction mechanism of this enzyme is different from that of L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase (EC 1.1.3.8) isolated from rat liver microsomes.
Creatinine (Cr), creatol and methylguanidine (MG), which accumulate in the body with the progress of renal failure after adenine administration, were given separately to rats in order to compare their toxicities. Food containing adenine was given to rats for 20 days to induce renal failure. Then each of the test substances was administered intraperitoneally, and renal function of the rats was determined. The changes in glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow and renal blood flow after administration of Cr were only slight in comparison with those of the control group. Creatol or MG administration induced a significant decrease in renal function. In addition, the level of MG in serum, liver and kidney was extraordinarily high in rats given creatol or MG. The toxic effects are discussed on the basis of these results.
The effect of green tea tannin on the proliferation of mesangial cells was determined in terms of [3H]thymidine uptake. When green tea tannin was added to the medium of mesangial cell cultures, it suppressed the proliferation of mesangial cells markedly. In particular, (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate, the predominant component of the green tea tannin mixture, exerted an inhibitory effect at a relatively low concentration, suggesting a direct corroboration of the renal effects.
We report the case of 71-year-old Japanese woman with microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) of the nose. Our histological and immunohistochemical observations suggest that MAC has both pilar and eccrine sweat gland differentiation.
The effects of tannins purified from Rhei Rhizoma on various parameters of renal function were investigated in rats with adenine-induced renal failure. The glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow and renal blood flow were significantly increased in rats given (-)-epicatechin 3-O-gallate at a dose of 5 or 10 mg/kg body weight/day for 24 days. Administration of 5 mg of procyanidin B-2 3,3'-di-O-gallate also led to a significant increase in renal functional parameters. However, unlike the former two components, procyanidin C-1 3,3',3''-tri-O-gallate caused aggravation of renal function.
The effects of a component of an Oriental medicine and green tea plants utilized for the traditional beverage on the proliferation of mesangial cells were determined in terms of the 3H-thymidine uptake. When magnesium lithospermate B was added to the medium of the mesangial cell culture, it suppressed the proliferation of mesangial cells at a concentration of 50 micrograms/ml. The 3H-thymidine uptake began to display an inhibitory action from the 6.25 micrograms/ml (-)-epicatechin 3-O-gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate or green tea tannin mixture, showing a more conspicuous inhibition at 50 micrograms/ml that did the magnesium lithospermate B at the corresponding concentration. In particular, (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate, the predominant component of the green tea tannin mixture, exerted an inhibitory effect at a relatively low concentration.
A study was conducted to examine the effect of magnesium lithospermate B on both the urinary and renal total and active kallikrein and prokallikrein in rats with adenine-induced renal failure. In rats given magnesium lithospermate B at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight/day for 12 days, significant increases of urinary total and active kallikrein were associated with significant increases of urine volume and urinary total and active kallikrein were associated with significant increases of urine volume and urinary creatinine excretion. The renal total and active kallikrein levels were also significantly elevated by the treatment with magnesium lithospermate B. On day 24, the urinary excretion of total and active kallikrein and prokallikrein was significantly increased. Concomitantly, a significant increase in renal kallikrein (total, active and pro-) was found in the rats given magnesium lithospermate B. A significant relationship existed between the urinary creatinine and active kallikrein excretion. These results suggest that magnesium lithospermate B may stimulate the synthesis of kallikrein and/or conversion to active kallikrein, thus improving renal function.
The relationship between prognosis of the disease and the type of surgery were reviewed in 110 cases of thymoma. Surgical procedures were classified into four types: total resection (TR), subtotal resection (SR), partial resection (PR) and exploratory thoracotomy (ET), and the extent of the disease was expressed as stage I through IV based on Masaoka's classification. Ten-year survival rates for stage III and IVa diseases were 5 6.2% in TR, 37.9% in SR and 30.3% in PR. None of the patients in ET survived more than 28 months. Tumor death after surgery was not observed in TR. Two of three patients with stage IVa disease who underwent TR are alive without recurrence of the tumor at 37 months and 6 months after surgery. The pleuropneumonectomy was performed in the former case. One of four patients who underwent SR and one of three patients who underwent PR both with stage IVa disease are alive at 71 and 150 months after surgical intervention, respectively, in spite of the presence of the tumor relapse. In these patients, repeated chemotherapy and radiotherapy were administered following the resection of the primary lesion. In conclusion, it was indicated that the improvement of the survival rate could be obtained by resection the tumor as completely as possible in stage III and IVa thymoma, as long-term survival has been proved to be possible by macroscopically complete removal of the primary site and pleural disseminations followed by combined adjuvant therapy in patient with stage IVa disease.
The p53 expression in various skin tumors was immunohistologically evaluated using two mouse monoclonal anti-p53 antibodies, PAb421 and PAb1801. The p53 expression was not detected in the normal epidermal cells. Nuclear staining suggested that the p53 expression was observed in 10 of 26 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) from 24 patients, in one undifferentiated carcinoma, one proliferating trichilemmal cyst, one malignant proliferating trichilemmal tumor and in one metastatic carcinoma of breast cancer. None off four cases of Bowen's disease (SCC in situ) showed nuclear staining. In the SCCs, five of 20 primary lesions, three of four recurrent lesions and both of two metastatic lesions had positive nuclei. There was one case of SCC in which a primary lesion was negative but a recurrent lesion was positive. Thus, p53 expression was more frequently observed in SCCs at more clinically advanced stages. This may suggest that p53 has some relevance to progression of SCC. Nuclear staining was not detected in any of the following cases: two cases of seborrheic keratosis, one eccrine poroma, one keratoacanthoma, 11 basal cell epitheliomas, two mammary Paget's disease, three genital Paget's disease, one sebaceous carcinoma, four malignant melanomas, six lymphomas, two leukemia cutis and two angiosarcomas.
The histologic changes occurring in newborn rat calvarias implanted into the epidural space of adult rats were observed to determine whether this method was adequate as an experimental model of new bone formation in the spinal canal. Two weeks after implantation, all implanted calvarias of newborn rats grew with ossification in the epidural space. The grafted calvarias continued to grow gradually 6 weeks after this procedure. Six months later, 40% of the grafted calvarias showed progressive bone formation with osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and immature mesenchymal cells. In the other 60%, the implanted calvarias had developed into mature trabecular bone. Twelve months after the procedure, the calvarias had developed into mature bone in all cases, although the size of the grafted calvarias tended to decrease in size. It was concluded that this experiment had devised a suitable model for understanding the process of new bone formation in the spinal canal.
After applying topically a cream (0.1 ml) containing corticosteroid (clobetasol propionate), on rat back skin, we examined the morphological alterations of blood vessels, substance P-containing nerve fibers, and cutaneous mast cells. After 3, 6, 10, 15, 30, and 60 min and 4 h, the skin treated was cut out with a sharp knife after killing the animals. The skin pieces were processed into conventional histological sections cut vertically and examined by staining immunohistochemically with anti-substance P serum, by staining with toluidine blue for mast cell granules, and by estimating morphometrically the average areas of vascular cavity and the number of substance P fibers in the dermis. In the dermis and subcutaneous tissue of untreated skin, we found many immunoreactive SP-containing nerve fibers and mast cells in close association. Three to ten min after the treatment, the average area of the vascular cavities steadily increased, and SP-positive fibers became less frequent in the dermis. In concomitant with those events, cutaneous mast cells discharged their granules. Thereafter, the average area of vascular cavities gradually decreased to a minimum at 4 h after the treatment. In contrast, both SP-containing fibers and mast cells reestablished their initial states after the same duration.
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To evaluate the antihypertensive effect of magnesium lithospermate B isolated from Salviae miltiorrhizae radix, determinations of blood pressure and urinary excretions of sodium, potassium, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and kallikrein, which have been proposed to play an important role in the regulation of blood pressure, were made in rats with sodium-induced hypertension and renal failure. In rats given magnesium lithospermate B, blood pressure was significantly decreased, whereas urinary excretion of electrolytes was significantly increased. Urinary PGE2 excretion following administration of magnesium lithospermate B increased as the dose of the compound was stepped up. The activity of kallikrein in urine was also increased by the treatment. From these results, the blood pressure-lowering action of magnesium lithospermate B may be due in part to enhancement of the kallikrein-prostaglandin system.
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Thirty-eight consecutive patients with Kawasaki disease (18 patients with normal coronary artery and 20 with coronary artery lesions) were studied in order to find the incidence of myocardial abnormalities and the influence of the myocardial damage on the regional wall motion of the left ventricle in patients with Kawasaki disease with or without coronary artery lesion. Abnormal regional wall motion of the left ventricle was found in 28% of the patients with normal coronary artery (NCA) and in 55% of those with coronary artery lesions (CAL). Hypertrophy of myocytes, degeneration of myocytes and disarray were found frequently in the patients with CAL. The histopathology of endomyocardial biopsy taken from patients more than 3 years after disease onset and less than 3 years after onset were compared. Histopathologic abnormalities were found even in the biopsies taken more than 3 years after onset, especially from patients with coronary artery lesions, although the incidence of abnormalities was less frequent. We consider that repeat endomyocardial biopsies may be necessary in the patients who have significant histopathologic changes in the first endomyocardial biopsy to clarify the natural course of myocardial abnormalities, regardless of whether or not they have CAL.
Creatinine (Cr), creatol or methylguanidine (MG) was administered intraperitoneally to normal rats, and several renal function parameters were examined in an attempt to clarify the pathology under the various conditions. The glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow and renal blood flow after administration of Cr remained virtually unchanged when compared to those in the control group. In contrast, administration of creatol induced a significant decrease in these renal functions. Further decreases in the renal functions were observed in the rats given MG. However, the level of serum MG was extraordinarily high in the rats given creatol or MG. The toxic effects are discussed on the basis of the above results.
Since Kawasaki disease was first reported 20 years ago, many investigations about cardiac complications and treatment have been carried out. However, etiology still remains unknown. Although many studies focused on coronary artery lesions (CAL) have been reported, there have been only a few reports of pathological studies on myocardial after-effects of Kawasaki disease using endomyocardial biopsy. In order to investigate the myocardial sequelae, repeated coronary arteriography and endomyocardial biopsy were performed in thirteen patients of Kawasaki disease with coronary artery lesions. Their ages ranged from 19 months to 12 years in the first study, 4 years to 15 years in the second study, and the male to female ratio was 8:5. In this study the interval between the first study and the second one was more than two years and six months. In the second study, progression of the CAL was noticed in 23% of the cases. It was unchanged in 54%, and regression was observed in 23%. Twenty-three percent of the patients were found to have an ejection fraction of less than 55%, and abnormal regional wall motion was found in 62% of the patients. Myocardial changes in the second endomyocardial biopsy were interstitial fibrosis in 62%, degeneration in 54%, disarray in 32% and inflammatory cell infiltration in 23%. One of the cases with Kawasaki disease, who had mild CAL, revealed massive inflammatory cell infiltration and myocytolysis in the second study performed seven years after onset, which suggested chronic myocarditis. Myocardial changes in the patients with advanced CAL were relatively mild, and low EF and abnormal regional wall motion were not always related to severity of CAL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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