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Biomedical subjects

H P Higer

Publications and source records attributed to H P Higer.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Intracranial tumor-like lesions in children and young adults with multiple sclerosis].

Atypical early manifestations of multiple sclerosis (MS) are common in children and young adults. 6 patients (aged 5 to 33 years) were examined by MR because of confusing neurological manifestations. In addition to small MS lesions there were also large intracerebral lesions which, however, did not occupy additional space but which looked more like tumours or abscesses. The lesions were sharply demarcated cystic formations with margins that enhanced with contrast. The diagnosis of these lesions presents difficulties, the differential diagnosis including MS and its variants, neoplastic, infectious and vascular processes. MR can provide valuable diagnostic information.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

MRI of trigeminal neuralgia: initial clinical results in patients with vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve.

The most common cause of the idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia are tortuous arteries in the prepontine space. The trigeminal nerve can be compressed by the superior cerebellar artery, the inferior cerebellar artery, or the basilar artery. Seldom the nerve is traumatised by an enlarged vein. Because an operative decompression of the nerve can relieve pain, a preoperative evaluation is needed. Angiography of the vertebral arteries is able to predict a tortuous artery close to the trigeminal nerve but cannot show the nerve itself. MRI can show tortuous vessels and the trigeminal nerve together on one single image by means of a 3D gradient-echo FLASH sequence with an effective slice thickness of approximately 1 mm and secondary reconstructions in every desired plane. MRI thus provides an efficient tool for the evaluation of patients with trigeminal neuralgia.

Arteries↗
PubMed1991

MRI of transient osteoporosis of the hip.

Among the available imaging techniques such as conventional radiography, radionuclide bone scan, and computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has made significant contributions to the diagnosis of acute hip joint disease in adults by enabling early differentiation between such conditions as idiopathic avascular femoral head necrosis, septic coxitis, degenerative disease, and tumors. In this study we investigated the use of MRI for evaluation of patients with transient osteoporosis (TO). MRI with T1- and T2-weighted sequences in coronal, transverse, and sagittal sections was performed in 12 patients with retrospectively confirmed TO, both at the onset of the disease and later as follow-up procedure. MRI revealed three typical stages of TO: a diffuse stage, a focal stage, and a residual stage. Characteristic symptoms of TO are hip pain and a need for protective splinting of the hip joint. Conventional radiographs show demineralization of the hip joint without joint space narrowing. Clinical, radiologic, and MRI findings normalize within 6-10 months, indicating that TO has a good prognosis with complete restoration of bone density.

Female↗
PubMed1991

MRI-assisted radiation therapy planning of brain tumors--clinical experiences in 17 patients.

A new and simple method for precise determination of lateral opposed treatment portals was developed and used in 17 patients. Compared to CT, MRI led to significant changes of portals in 59% (10/17) of cases. Individual shielding blocks could be precisely designed by use of our new method. MRI is the procedure of choice in local radiation therapy planning of brain tumors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Graves ophthalmopathy: role of MR imaging in radiation therapy.

Twenty-three patients with Graves ophthalmopathy who underwent radiation therapy were monitored by means of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. T2 relaxation times of extraocular muscles and orbital fat, areas of extraocular muscles, and degree of exophthalmos were measured by means of MR imaging at the beginning, at the end, and 3 months after completion of radiation therapy. As a result, patients with primarily elevated T2 times of extraocular muscles showed a better therapy response regarding muscle thickening than patients with primarily normal T2 times. Elevated T2 times, which probably represent acute inflammatory changes, were markedly decreased at the end of therapy. Therefore, quantitative MR imaging favors the choice of anti-inflammatory therapy regimens in patients with elevated T2 times of extraocular muscles. However, the clinical response (activity scores) to the low-dose treatment protocol that was used did not correlate well with primarily elevated T2 times. Furthermore, T2 times increased again after cessation of therapy. Whether a higher radiation dose or a different fractionation scheme leads to better results must be clarified by means of further study.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Intrasellar cysticercosis mimicking a pituitary adenoma.

A case of a 50-year-old female with an intrasellar and suprasellar cysticercus cyst, which was pre-operatively misinterpreted as a macroadenoma of the adenohypophysis is described. Cranial computed tomography revealed a homogeneous hyperdense intrasellar and suprasellar lesion. In T1-weighted magnetic resonance images, a spotty hyperintense tumor of the sellar region was shown.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1991

[Interpretation of MR tomography findings in trauma surgery].

MR-Imaging is well established as the most sensitive method for the diagnosis of avascular necrosis of the femoral head. In this paper preliminary results are analyzed in an attempt to clarify whether as in a vascular necrosis of the femoral head. MR changes after trauma or surgery allow conclusions concerning the vitality of the bone. Comparison of clinical, MR and histological findings revealed that we cannot yet differentiate between fibrosis of the bone marrow with sustained vitality of the osteocytes and bone necrosis. Therefore, conclusions with implications for therapy should be drawn with extreme care.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Magnetic resonance imaging of the craniocervical junction in rheumatoid arthritis: value, limitations, indications.

The cervical spine is the second most common location for manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Symptoms are typically related to involvement of the craniocervical junction. Unfortunately, conventional radiographic examination is often unable to demonstrate that RA is the cause of such symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides an unique opportunity to visualize nerves, connective tissue, and bone in all planes without the use of contrast agents. These features suggest that MRI could provide important information related to RA of the cervical spine. The possibilities and limitations of MRI were therefore evaluated in 60 patients with cervical RA. The main objective of this study was to correlate symptoms and clinical findings with MRI results to establish indications for this imaging procedure.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1989

MR imaging of cerebral tumors: state of the art and work in progress.

MR imaging of the brain has made tremendous progress during the last years. This technique is generally superior to computed tomography (CT) in brain tumors, due to its capability for direct imagining in various planes and its high tissue contrast. Moreover, the detectability and differentiation of extraaxial tumors, previously the domain of CT, has been improved with paramagnetic contrast agents (PCA). Although, the sensitivity of MRI for intracranial tumors is unchallenged, the specificity for such tumors is not remarcably greater than that of CT. Differentiation between high grade glioma, abscess and metastasis still requires biopsy for definitive diagnosis. Methods for improvement of specificity--tissue characterization--are currently being evaluated in a clinical setting. Further development in this field is necessary before such methods can be applied on a routine basis.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

[MR tomography of astrocytic tumors (I-III)].

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed on 37 patients with histologically confirmed astrocytomas (I-III). In addition, the MR tissue parameters T1, T2 and proton density (RHO) were analysed by an interlaced CPMG spin echo sequence. Characteristic morphologic tumour patterns which subdivide astrocytomas into each different tumour grade are presented. Quantitative analysis of MR tissue parameters provides a statistically proven classification of each tumour grade and allows differentiation between "semibenign" astrocytomas (II) and "relatively malignant" astrocytomas (III), with high accuracy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Transient osteoporosis or femur head necrosis? Early diagnosis using MRT].

Transient osteoporosis of the hip is a syndrome that does not seem to be widely known; this is also true for its radiological appearance. It is often mistaken for avascular necrosis of the femoral head, metastatic or inflammatory disease. These differential diagnoses lead to more or less invasive procedures, although transient osteoporosis does not require more than immobilisation for complete remission. MRI was done in 38 patients with acute hip pain, 13 had femoral head necrosis and 8 transient osteoporosis. Follow-up studies via MRI in patients with transient osteoporosis revealed 3 stages (diffuse, focal, residual) during the clinical course of which stage II is similar to femoral head necrosis but always without the typical sclerotic rim.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Magnetic resonance tomography using gadolinium-DTPA in the diskectomy syndrome--a reliable method of identifying a recurrent prolapse in scar tissue].

The non invasive diagnostic possibilities of MR have resulted in better diagnosis of degenerative spinal diseases. Twenty-one patients with failed back surgery syndrome (postdiscectomy syndrome) were studied to evaluate the possibility of 1-Tesla magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with gadolinium diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) in differentiating post operative scar tissue from recurrent disc herniation. The enhanced MR studies correctly depicted the character of abnormal epidural tissue in all patients. We conclude that MR with GD-DTPA might be the method of choice to differentiate reliably postoperative epidural fibrosis from recurrent disc prolapse.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Acute hip pain in the adult--assessment by magnetic resonance tomography].

Using the modern cross-sectional imaging technique of MRI, significant improvement has been achieved in the early diagnosis of acute hip diseases, such as avascular femoral head necrosis, transient osteoporosis, coxitis, and tumors, the demarcation of which can be seen by MRI. Studies with MRI in patients with transient osteoporosis have revealed three stages during the clinical course. The focal stage is similar to femoral head necrosis, but always without the typical sclerotic rim. To obtain complete remission, transient osteoporosis only requires immobilization. There are difficulties in diagnosing infected and neoplastic processes.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Bone grafting in total hip replacement. Preliminary results with MRI.

MRI of ten hip joints in nine patients with total hip replacement and reconstruction of the acetabulum with autologous bone grafts, were reviewed. The viability of inserted bone grafts was clearly documented by MRI. Characteristic differences in signal intensity between autologous and homologous bone grafts are discussed. Despite extended metallic artifacts in the operated region, sufficient diagnostic information was available in most cases. No side effects were reported.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Intracranial hemorrhage in MRT].

About 10% of all intracranial findings in cranial MRI were hemorrhages, or findings associated with bleeding. There was great variation in the hemorrhages as a result of their location and their age, and this could disguise the underlying lesions. Therefore a knowledge of the typical appearance of spontaneous bleeding and tumor bleeding is necessary for interpretation of the MRI findings. During its course, cerebral bleeding shows all of the known interactions between biochemical and histological factors and MRI signal. Thus, an understanding of the variations during the clinical course of bleeding is helpful for a better understanding of contrast mechanisms in MRI.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1988

Magnetic resonance imaging of dysraphic myelodysplasia. Findings in 56 children and adolescents with postrepair meningomyelocele.

The spinal cord in 56 children and adolescents was examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) many years after neonatal surgery on a meningomyelocele (average age 12 years). In a high percentage of cases, the diagnosis "tethered cord" was made. Associated anomalies were found with a frequency of 21%. Typical findings are presented and the impact of these results on therapy planning is discussed.

Child↗