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Biomedical subjects

H P Roth

Publications and source records attributed to H P Roth.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Disulfiram for the treatment of alcoholism. An evaluation in 128 men.

One hundred twenty-eight alcoholic men were assigned randomly to receive either a regular dose of disulfiram (250 mg), a pharmacologically inactive dose (1 mg), or no disulfiram. There were no statistically significant differences among the three treatment groups in total abstinence, percentage of drinking days, days worked, family stability (living with same relative), or percent of scheduled appointments kept. However, 21% of those who received the regular dose of disulfiram and 25% who received the pharmacologically inactive dose remained abstinent, whereas only 12% of those who received no disulfiram did so. These results indicate that disulfiram may be of limited value in the treatment of alcoholism, fear of the disulfiram-ethanol reaction is important in preventing drinking, and patients willing to take disulfiram are more likely to be abstinent if given the drug. We also found that complete abstinence correlated significantly with compliance and obtaining employment.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Interaction among the trace elements zinc, copper and iron after depletion and repletion of dairy cows with zinc].

Imbalances in the supply with trace elements may be caused by the excessive administration of one or several elements or the insufficient administration in relation to other trace elements. This article deals with the interactions between the trace elements zinc and copper resp. zinc and iron under the conditions of the insufficient supply with Zn (6 mg per kg dry matter of the fodder) and the supply according to the demand with other trace elements (14 mg copper resp. 83 mg iron per dry matter of the fodder). For this purpose we investigated the copper, iron and zinc content of the milk and the serum of cows that were first depleted of zinc through a semi-synthetic zinc deficiency diet and then repleted with extra allowances of zinc. The closest connections exist between the copper and zinc content of the milk. Thus extreme Zn-deficiency feeding conditions the decreased Zn-content on the one hand and increased Cu-content on the other. In contrast to this, the cows' Zn-excretion in the milk increases after Zn-repletion whereas the Cu-content decreases. This shows a distinctly negative correlation. A loose connection could only be detected for the Cu- and Zn-content of the serum. Though the Zn-content changed considerably in dependence on the Zn-supply, the Cu-content remained largely uninfluenced. The Fe-content of both milk and serum shows no interaction with the nutritive Zn-supply. Only after 19 test weeks of extreme Zn-deficiency could a slight increase of the Fe-concentration be indicated.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

A comparative view on trace elements and growth.

The term 'essentiality' of trace elements is interpreted. The major human diseases due to trace element deficience (Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr) are briefly considered. In growing animals the first clinical deficiency symptom most often is a growth retardation. In order to diagnose a deficient situation before the manifestation of clinical symptoms, model studies with growing animals are presented to show criteria that respond sensitively even to suboptimum intake of trace elements (Zn, Cu, Fe, Ni). Activity measurements of enzymes and hormones are found suitable. During the phase of reproduction, which is closely associated with growth, the trace element concentration in milk may provide an additional diagnostic means. In conclusion, the problems of diagnosing the supply status are discussed. A possibility for determination of the trace element requirement is indicated.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

An evaluation of a program for teaching clinic patients the rationale of their peptic ulcer regimen.

This study examined the effectiveness of a program for teaching complex medical concepts, the rationale of antacid therapy, to clinic patients with peptic ulcer. Those who already knew the rationale were excluded, and the remaining patients were divided into three groups: I. taught the rationale, II. taught other materials, III. untaught control. Teaching proved effective when: (1) basic concepts were identified and taught, (2) important misconceptions were eliminated, and (3) patient's attention was maintained and their progress monitored with the Socratic method. The key facts were acquired by 85 per cent of the patients within four sessions. However, application of the learned concepts in solving new problems varied with the intelligence of the patient. Certain misconceptions could not be eliminated by the teaching.

Achievement↗
PubMed1977

[Influence of zinc deficiency on lipid metabolism].

Thirty-five male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats with an average live weight of 32 g were divided into three groups. The Zn-deficient group of 14 animals was given 1.3 mg Zn/kg of diet for 23 days, while the pair-fed control group with 14 animals and the ad libitum fed control group with 7 animals were both fed 100 mg Zn/kg of diet. Serum was assayed for triglycerides, total lipids, cholesterol, cholintesterase, free fatty acids and beta-lipoproteins, and duodenal juice for trypsin. While the serum concentrations of beta-lipoprotein, total lipids and total cholesterol were not different in response to Zn deficiency, the activity of the cholinesterase activity was reduced, the triglyceride concentrations and trypsin activity increased. Similarly, the serum free fatty acids were elevated compared to the ad libitum fed controls. This disturbances in Zn-deficient rats are discussed in connection with the lipid metabolism.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Method for the detection of diethylamine, a metabolite of disulfiram, in urine.

Disulfiram is a drug used in the treatment of chronic alcoholism in man. Accurate assessment of patient compliance is important in this treatment. This paper describes a method for the detection and quantitative analysis of diethylamine, a metabolite of disulfiram, in urine. The method involves conversion of the water-soluble diethylamine in the urine to a derivative, N,N-diethyl-3,5-dinitrobenzamide, that is soluble in an organic solvent. This derivative is extracted from urine with diethyl ether and then subjected to thin-layer chromatography. A spectrophotometric procedure is used for quantification. This method provides a means of determining whether or not a patient is taking his prescribed disulfiram.

Benzamides↗
PubMed1976

Absorption of cholesterol by the gallbladder.

To study whether cholesterol is absorbed by the gallbladder, we instilled from 1 to 300 nmoles of [4-14C]cholesterol dissolved in 1 ml of guinea pig bile into the in situ guinea pig gallbladder. The bile used in these experiments contained 7 mumole/ml bile acid, 27 nmole/ml lecithin, and 8 nmol/ml cholesterol. To this bile, we added the radioactive cholesterol, from 0 to 1 mumole/ml egg lecithin, and 100 mug/ml of bromosulfophthalein, a nonabsorbable marker. After 1 nmole [4-14C]cholesterol was instilled in bile without added lecithin, 77 +/- 8% of the radioactivity was demonstrated to be in the gallbladder wall 6 hours later. The proportion of cholesterol absorbed by the gallbladder decreased as the concentration of added lecithin or bile salts was increased. Radioautography showed radioactivity in the mucosa, and subcellular fractionation of homogenized cells by centrifugation showed cholesterol in the mitochondrial (23 +/- 4%) and microsomal (18 +/- 4%) fractions. Studies on specific activity suggested that there was net absorption of cholesterol and not merely an exchange of cholesterol in the contents for cholesterol in the wall. This study presents evidence that significant quantities of cholesterol but not cholesterol ester can be absorbed by the guinea pig gallbladder. We also found that the absorbed cholesterol can be converted to cholesterol ester and the relevance of these findings to cholesterosis in man are discussed.

Animals↗