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Biomedical subjects

H P Schuster

Publications and source records attributed to H P Schuster.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

[Severe digitalis poisoning after the ingestion of 1 g of digoxin].

A 50-year-old, previously healthy, woman swallowed 1 g digoxin powder, dissolved in water, with suicidal intent. On admission to hospital one hour later, having vomited three times at home, the prominent signs were somnolence and hypersalivation. Serum digoxin level was 3.37 ng/ml. There followed repeated episodes of asystole alternating with ventricular fibrillation requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation over 90 min and adrenaline administration. Repeated electrical defibrillation, administration of dopamine, phenytoin and lidocaine, as well as transitory transvenous electrical stimulation became necessary. Anti-digoxin antibody fragments were administered, initially 80 mg, to a total of 3,280 mg over 24 hours. After 3 days of intensive care and a further 21 days in hospital she was discharged and referred to psychiatric treatment. This case demonstrates that even severe digoxin poisoning can be successfully treated without sequelae by the appropriate administration of digoxin antidote. The main problems in this case were regulation of the dosage and acquiring the necessary amount of antidote which greatly exceeded the hospital's own depot.

Acute Disease

[Atrial fibrillation in patients of a medical clinic--a marker for multi-morbidity and unfavorable prognosis].

Out of 724 patients admitted to the medical department of a community teaching hospital during three months 110 (14.5%) had electrocardiographically documented atrial fibrillation (AF). 56% had chronic and 44% intermittent AF. Only 66% of patients with AF suffered from diseases generally accepted as cause of AF, 29% had cardiovascular and pulmonary risk factors, 5% had lone AF. AF was already known in 66% of patients, in 21% AF was documented at the first time, only 14% were admitted because of AF, although AF was clearly the cause of symptoms in an additional 11%. The mean age of patients with AF (72 years) was higher than that of patients without AF. 95% of patients with AF suffered from more than one cardiovascular or pulmonary disease or risk factor (mean index of diseases of 3.2). Hospital mortality of patients with AF was much higher than mean total hospital mortality (19 vs 7.7) except in patients with lone AF. We conclude that AF is a marker of multimorbidity and bad prognosis in patients of general internal medicine.

Adult

[Incidence of intravenous thrombolytic therapy and fatalities in patients with acute transmural myocardial infarct (Q infarct). A study of observations from 1984 to 1987].

All patients admitted to the ICU with acute myocardial infarction (MI) were treated by the same protocol since 1984. We report the results in Q-wave-MI of 1987 compared to 1984. Age (67.2 +/- 12.4 vs. 66.8 +/- 11.4 years), sex distribution (70.1% vs. 71.9% male), time elapse between begin of symptoms and admittance to the hospital (15.5 +/- 27.0 vs. 15.0 +/- 32.5 hours) were similar in both years, but the total number of definite Q-MI decreased by 22% from 135 (1984) to 105 (1987). Inhospital mortality (20% vs. 23%) and ICU mortality (14% vs. 20%) tended to decrease, although differences did not reach statistical significance. This was paralleled by an increase in the rate of i.v. thrombolytic therapy from 17% (1984) to 28% (1987) of all patients with Q-MI. The percentage of patients who definitely received i.v. thrombolysis when all indication criteria were present and all contraindicatory factors excluded increased from 47% (1984) to 97% (1987). We conclude, that the performance of i.v. thrombolysis in all patients, who fulfill the general accepted criteria for thrombolysis may improve clinical course and outcome in a given population of patients with acute Q-wave-infarction.

Aged

[Effectiveness and hemodynamic mechanism of action of blood pressure lowering by intravenous labetalol in patients with a critical increase in blood pressure].

Labetalol (L) was intravenously given to ten patients with an acute elevation of arterial blood pressure above to 200 to 100 mmHg. Blood pressure was controlled in 9 of 10 patients (less than or equal to 170/100 mmHg) with 50 mg in 4, 100 mg in 4 and 200 mg L in 1 patient. In 9 responders, systolic pressure decreased from 207 +/- 20 to 161 +/- 9, diastolic pressure from 107 +/- 11 to 90 +/- 8, and mean pressure from 140 +/- 11 to 113 +/- 5 mmHg, and all pressures remained at these levels during a 25 min control period. Heart rate decreased significantly from 87 +/- 20 to 69 +/- 11 per min and cardiac index from 3.2 +/- 0.8 to 2.6 +/- 0.61/min x m2. Stroke volume index remained unchanged. Total peripheral resistance and pulmonary artery occlusion pressure were not significantly altered but tended to increase, resulting in a small shift to the right of the ventricular function curve. Pulmonary vascular resistance increased significantly from 236 +/- 108 to 314 +/- 132 dyn x sec x cm-5 and mixed venous oxygen saturation decreased from 70 +/- 5 to 65 +/- 8%. Peripheral resistance was considerably higher and cardiac index lower in patients with a heart rate below 70/min. We conclude that L effectively lowers the arterial blood pressure in hypertensive crisis, but the substance should not be used in patients with heart rates below 70/min, as in this case the beta-blocking effect may supervene resulting in a high-resistance low-output state.

Adult

[Predictive value of a combined physiologic-therapeutic oriented score system in patients of intensive internal medicine].

171 consecutive patients of a medical intensive care unit (age 18 to 81 years, mortality 24.6%) who were treated in the ICU for at least 72 hours were investigated in order to test the hypothesis, that the combination of therapeutic scoring (TISS) and physiologic scoring (APS) may improve the prognostic significance of score systems and/or the severity of disease classification in critically ill patients. Discrimination of survivors and non-survivors of the combined score was comparable to the results of isolated scores. A higher weighting of the physiology parameters in the combined score did not improve its prognostic significance. On the other hand, only the combined score implicated a linear increase of mortality with increasing score point values. - We conclude, that the combined score system improves the severity of disease classification in critically ill medical patients.

Adolescent

[Infection as a cause of multiple organ failure. Definition, pathophysiology and diagnostic parameters].

DEFINITION: Several clinical observations support the hypothesis that bacterial sepsis is the main aetiological factor in at least half of the patients developing multiple organ failure. Sepsis is defined as the pathophysiological alterations and life-threatening clinical consequences of the action of microorganisms or their products invading the blood stream from a focus of infection. The clinical course of sepsis is highlighted by initial multiorgan insufficiency progressing to severe multiple system organ failure. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: Pathogenetic bacteria and bacterial toxins arise from the septic focus, overcome the defence mechanisms of the body, continuously invade the blood stream, activate the biological cascade systems and initiate release of mediators from blood and tissue cells. Endotoxin and activated mediators cause endothelial and organ cell dysfunction and cell damage by at least three mechanisms: maldistribution of blood flow; cytotoxia; direct inhibition of oxygen-utilising cell enzymes. CLINICAL PICTURE: The septic disease begins with unspecific signs caused by invasion of bacteria, followed by alterations of the circulatory system, the blood clotting system, the metabolism, initiating vital organ dysfunctions and finally acute respiratory, renal, gastrointestinal, hepatic failure and septic encephalopathy. DIAGNOSIS: The clinical diagnosis of sepsis is based on the finding of an obvious septic focus with the presence of at least four of the following 5 criteria: (I) fever above 38.8 degrees C or hypothermia below 35.5 degrees C; (II) tachypnoea (greater than 24/min) or hypocapnia (PaCO2 less than 32 mmHg); (III) tachycardia (greater than 100 Bpm), (IV) leucocytosis (greater than or equal to 15.000/mm3) or leucopenia (greater than 5.000/mm3); (V) presence of at least one indicator for inadequate organ perfusion like mental alterations, hypoxaemia (PaCO2 less than 75 mmHg while breathing room air), hyperlactataemia (greater than 1,6 mmol/l), diuresis below 30 ml/h, drop in systolic blood pressure below 100 mmHg. A positive blood culture or a positive limulus test are frequent but are not considered to be obligatory for the diagnosis of sepsis.

Bacterial Infections

[Zinc deficiency syndrome during long-term parenteral nutrition in a patient with Crohn's disease and cirrhosis of the liver. Casuistry and zinc-pharmacokinetic (author's transl)].

A 29 year old patient with Crohn's disease and posthepatitic HBsAg-positive cirrhosis developed zinc deficiency in the course of complete parenteral nutrition. Zinc deficiency was proven by a low plasma zinc level of 12 microgram/dl. The daily input of zinc was 0.5 mg as calculated from the zinc concentration of infusion solutions used in parenteral nutrition during 3 1/2 months of treatment. The clinical picutre was that of acrodermatitis enteropathica. Cirrhosis of the liver and Crohn's disease were contributory causes of zinc deficiency. 6 bolus injections of 12-36 mg of zinc (total amount 144 mg) were given during 13 days. The plasma zinc level increased to 60-80 microgram/dl. 52% of the total amount of zinc injected were excreted by urine. The plasma half-life times of zinc were independent from basic zinc concentrations and averaged 1.55 +/- 0.22 h. It is concluded that severe signs of zinc deficiency will develop during parenteral nutrition in the presence of conditions leading to a negative zinc balance. In the case of long-term complete parenteral nutrition zinc should be substituted from the beginning of the treatment on.

Acrodermatitis