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Biomedical subjects

H P Veit

Publications and source records attributed to H P Veit.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Serum sensitivity and lipopolysaccharide characteristics in Bordetella bronchiseptica, B. pertussis and B. parapertussis.

The viability of four strains of Bordetella bronchiseptica, two strains of B. pertussis and one strain of B. parapertussis exposed to hyperimmune and pre-colostrum porcine serum was examined. Viable cell numbers (cfu/ml) of the B. pertussis strains and a rough strain of B. bronchiseptica (CSU-P-1) decreased by 99% and 99.99%, respectively, after exposure for 1 h to porcine hyperimmune serum. In contrast, smooth B. bronchiseptica strains and the B. parapertussis strain showed no significant decrease in viable cell numbers after the same treatment. B. bronchiseptica strain CSU-P-1 also showed a 99% decrease in viable cell numbers after exposure to pre-colostrum porcine serum for 1 h whereas the other strains tested showed no decrease in viable numbers under the same conditions. Heating the hyperimmune and pre-colostrum serum at 56 degrees C for 30 min resulted in the loss of bactericidal activity suggesting the involvement of complement in both systems. Analysis of silver-stained SDS-PAGE profiles of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extracted from the bacterial cells indicated that the smooth strains of B. bronchiseptica and the B. parapertussis strain possessed high mol. wt O-side chain-like material, whereas the B. pertussis strains and B. bronchiseptica strain CSU-P-1 did not. Gel filtration of acid-hydrolysed LPS samples indicated two distinct carbohydrate peaks for the strains with high mol. wt O-side chain-like material, whereas the other strains each yielded one distinct peak. Western-blot analysis indicated a positive reaction for anti-B. bronchiseptica antibodies to the high mol. wt O-side chain-like material of all serum-resistant strains used in this study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Exposure of sheep to Pasteurella haemolytica alters ex vivo pulmonary vascular smooth muscle alpha adrenergic responses: role of vascular endothelium.

Sheep were exposed to a live- vaccine derived strain of Pasteurella haemolytica (10(5) colony forming units/sheep, i.m.) and euthanized 3 days later. Pulmonary artery and vein ex vivo responses to cumulative doses of methoxamine were determined. In some experiments endothelium was removed. In the pulmonary artery, removal of the endothelium significantly impairs the potency of methoxamine as a contractile agent in control sheep. Also, in sheep exposed to P. haemolytica removal of the endothelium ex vivo impairs the efficacy of methoxamine as a contractile agent. In the pulmonary vein, removal of the endothelium significantly increases the maximum contractile response obtained in control sheep. Conversly, in the pulmonary vein from P. haemolytica exposed sheep, removal of the endothelium reduces the efficacy of methoxamine. These experiments suggest that vaccination with live P. haemolytica impairs pulmonary vascular alpha adrenergic responses. Such impairments may contribute to development of pulmonary edema and congestion during stressful periods such as post-vaccination.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Effects of feeding restricted energy and elevated calcium and phosphorus during growth on gait characteristics of culled sows and those surviving three parities.

Crossbred gilts (n = 288) were weaned at 4 to 5 wk of age and retained through three parities. They were used to determine the effects of feeding restricted energy (ad libitum vs 75% ad libitum) and elevated calcium-phosphorus levels (100 vs 150% of the dietary percentage suggested by NRC, 1979) from weaning to 100 kg of body weight on subsequent sow gait characteristics obtained from 16-mm motion pictures. After 100 kg, all females were fed and managed similarly throughout breeding, gestation and lactation. At 50 and 100 kg body weight and 21 d after weaning, females were filmed from the side and rear as they walked on a treadmill (traveling at the rate of .90 cm/s with zero slope) using two 16-mm Arriflex cameras. Objective measurements were taken from the film by projecting it on a reverse screen. Visual appraisal of structural soundness were scored subjectively for each female at each time period. The front foot pastern angle was correlated positively with structural soundness scores, suggesting that sows with smaller angles (more sloping) were given more desirable soundness scores. Early dietary energy and Ca-P levels did not influence number of sows completing three parities or culled for various reasons, front and hind pastern angles, the angles at the hock and carpal joint or rear view measurements, but sows fed ad libitum to 100 kg had a larger frame size even after three parities. Sows that survived three parities tended to have larger body capacity (girth diameter and width across hams) and smaller front and bind pastern angles and angles of the carpal joint and hock at maximum flex than did culled sows. Structural soundness scores did not differ between culled and surviving sows.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Physiological and pathological effects of feeding high levels of magnesium to steers.

The effects of feeding high levels of Mg were evaluated in a 130-d study with 24 steers. Six steers were allotted to each of four diets supplemented with MgO to attain .3, 1.4, 2.5 or 4.7% Mg, DM basis. Chromic oxide was used as digesta marker; fecal grab samples were collected once daily during nine consecutive 10-d periods. Steers fed 2.5 and 4.7% Mg refused some feed during the study, so their respective dietary Mg intakes were 2.4 and 3.7% (DM basis). Severe diarrhea and a lethargic appearance were observed in steers fed the two higher Mg levels. Fecal DM and apparent DM digestibility decreased linearly (P less than .01) with increased dietary Mg. Apparent Mg absorption (g/d) increased linearly (P les than .01) and apparent Ca and P absorption (g/d) decreased linearly (P less than .01) with addition of Mg to the diet. Increasing dietary Mg linearly elevated blood serum and erythrocyte Mg (P less than .01; P less than .05, respectively) and serum inorganic P (P less than .05) and linearly decreased serum Ca (P less than .01). Magnesium concentration in liver, kidney, skeletal muscle and rib-bone and P in skeletal muscle all increased linearly (P less than .05) with dietary Mg. Increasing dietary Mg in the steers caused a progressive degeneration of the stratified squamous epithelium of rumen papillae. A progressively more serious Mg toxicosis condition developed over time in steers fed diets containing 2.4 and 4.7% Mg.

Absorption↗
PubMed1990

Effects of feeding aspirin and soybean oil to weanling pigs.

Three trials were conducted with 216 Yorkshire x Duroc x Hampshire crossbred pigs (equal males and females) weaned at 3 to 4 wk of age (avg 7.4 kg initially) to determine the effectiveness of aspirin in an 18% CP corn-soybean meal starter diet (with and without soybean oil in Trial III) for improving postweaning performance and reducing scours. When aspirin levels common to all trials (0, 250 ppm) or common to Trials II and III (0, 125 and 250 ppm) were compared, improvements in ADG (P less than .10) and daily feed intake (P less than .05) were observed with no effect on efficiency of feed utilization. There was a quadratic effect of aspirin (P less than .10) in Trials II and III, the trend suggesting that the response to 125 ppm was as effective as the response to 250 ppm aspirin. The addition of soybean oil in Trial III did not enhance the response. In all trials, scouring was reduced (P less than .05) when pigs were fed 125 or 250 ppm aspirin; the improvement was greatest for 125 ppm aspirin after 5 d on test. Pooled data suggested no effect (P greater than .10) of aspirin on hemoglobin concentrations and blood clotting times; slightly higher (P less than .10) hematocrit values and DM content of colon digesta occurred in pigs fed 125 ppm aspirin vs controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1989

Physiological effects of feeding high levels of magnesium to sheep.

The effects of feeding high levels of Mg to sheep on animal health, nutrient digestibility, metabolism of macro-minerals, blood and tissue mineral concentrations and hematological and histological tissue changes were evaluated. Six lambs were allotted to each of four diets supplemented with MgO to attain .2, .6, 1.2 or 2.4% Mg. Total fecal and urinary collections were made for the initial 20 d and last 10 d of a 50 d study. Diarrhea was noted in lambs fed the two highest Mg levels. Apparent digestibility of DM, ADF and CP decreased linearly (P less than .01) with increasing Mg levels. Dietary Mg levels did not affect (P greater than .05) rectal temperature, respiration rate or pulse rate. Apparent absorption and retention of Mg (g/d) were lowest in lambs fed 2.4% Mg until 15 d on trial, after which values increased linearly (P less than .01) with dietary Mg. Phosphorus absorption and retention decreased linearly (P less than .01) with increasing Mg levels. Increasing dietary Mg resulted in a linear increase (P less than .01) in serum Mg and variable increases (P less than .05) in erythrocyte Mg. Serum Ca was decreased linearly (P less than .05) and quadratically (P less than .05) by added Mg during the d 1 to 30 and 40 to 50 periods, respectively. Serum inorganic P was elevated consistently in lambs fed 2.4% Mg. A linear response to increasing dietary Mg (P less than .05) occurred in the Mg content of liver, kidney, rib bone and femur bone. Dietary Mg did not alter (P greater than .05) other criteria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1987

Mesothelioma in a calf.

A 5-month-old Holstein heifer was hospitalized because of progressive abdominal distention and decreased growth rate. It had continued to eat and was alert until 5 days before hospitalization. High BUN and serum aspartate transaminase values, hypoproteinemia, and a stress leukogram were ascertained from clinicopathologic evaluation. Oral electrolyte therapy was begun, but the calf died. Necropsy revealed multiple nodules (0.5 to 6 cm diameter) attached to the peritoneum, throughout the abdominal cavity. The histopathologic diagnosis was mesothelioma.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Virulence factors of Bordetella bronchiseptica associated with the production of infectious atrophic rhinitis and pneumonia in experimentally infected neonatal swine.

Four strains of Bordetella bronchiseptica (CSU-P-1, 64-C-0406, 1120-A-83-013, and B205BT) with defined virulence for neonatal swine were examined, and an attempt was made to correlate the presence of certain in vitro phenotypic characteristics with the ability of a particular B. bronchiseptica strain to produce turbinate and lung lesions in piglets. All of the strains except CSU-P-1 colonized the nasal passages of the pigs heavily, and strains 1120-A-83-013 and B205BT produced moderate to severe nasal and lung lesions in experimentally infected piglets. All of the strains attached equally well to porcine tracheal ring explant cultures, and all of the strains except CSU-P-1 produced smooth, hemolytic colonies on Bordet-Gengou medium, agglutinated porcine erythrocytes, and possessed adenylate cyclase activity. Strains 1120-A-83-013 and B205BT produced considerably higher levels of dermonecrotic toxin activity than did strains CSU-P-1 and 64-C-0406. These results indicate that production of nasal and lung lesions in neonatal piglets by the B. bronchiseptica strains tested can be directly correlated with their level of dermonecrotic toxin production.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1986

A radiographic characterization of toe length disparity and its relation to nutrition and structural unsoundness in boars, barrows and sows.

The front and hind feet from a total of 64 boars, 86 sows and 107 barrows were radiographed after necropsy to study the nature of inequalities in digits and their relation to nutrition and structural unsoundness in swine. Boars were fed ad libitum or 75% ad libitum with 100 or 150% of 1979 NRC recommended vitamin-mineral levels, whereas, sows were fed the same two levels of energy with 100 or 150% of NRC recommended calcium-phosphorus (Ca-P) levels during the growing-finishing period. Barrows were fed two sources of phosphorus with increasing levels of sodium. Radiographs of metacarpals, metatarsals and associated phalanges were measured for length and deviations of proximal and distal extremities. The length of both medial and lateral bones were longer (P less than .05) in boars fed 75% ad libitum than in the ad libitum-fed group, which was probably due to age (285 +/- 8.7 vs 240 +/- 8.4 d). Dietary energy and Ca-P level did not influence the bone lengths in sows. Similarly, dietary phosphorus source or sodium level had no influence on bone lengths or deviations in barrows. The incidence of inequality in digits with a smaller medial digit was 90.9% in boars, 96.7% in sows and 87.6% in barrows. In boars and sows, the inequality in digits of front feet was due to lower positioning of proximal extremities of lateral bones because the total lengths of both medial and lateral bones were approximately equal. In hind feet, this inequality was more due to longer lateral bones because the proximal extremities of metatarsals were positioned at approximately an equal level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1985

Supplemental biotin for swine. III. Influence of supplementation to corn- and wheat-based diets on the incidence and severity of toe lesions, hair and skin characteristics and structural soundness of sows housed in confinement during four parities.

The influence of supplementing 0 (NB) or 440 (SB) micrograms biotin/kg to corn- or wheat-based diets on toe lesions, hair characteristics and structural soundness in 116 crossbred female swine was studied from selection (100 kg) until completion of four parities. Gilts that had been previously fed corn-soybean meal diets with 0 or 220 micrograms supplemental biotin/kg diet during growth and development, remained on either the biotin unsupplemented or supplemented diet. Females were housed in buildings containing partially slatted and solid concrete floors. Toe, hair and soundness evaluations were made at a mean age of 240, 521, 732, 916 and 1,090 d. Type of grain fed did not influence (P greater than .10) any response criteria evaluated. Six types of toe lesions were observed across all dietary treatments and varied in severity from minor to very severe. The percentage of females with heel cracks, heel-horn junction cracks and side-wall horn cracks was reduced (P less than .01) when females were fed SB diets. Females fed SB diets had fewer (P less than .001) total lesions, heel cracks, heel-horn junction cracks, side-wall horn cracks and white-line horn cracks (P less than .03) compared with females consuming NB diets. In general, biotin supplementation was more effective in reducing the number and percentage of toe lesions in multiparous sows compared with gilts and primiparous sows. Biotin supplementation increased (P less than .001) the number of hairs/cm2 skin and improved (P less than .001) hair scores. Histological evaluation and soundness scores were not affected (P greater than .10) by level of biotin fed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1984

Increased pulmonary clearance of Serratia marcescens in calves given intravenous Freund's complete adjuvant.

Lung and alveolar macrophage studies were conducted following experimental immunostimulation of calves with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). Intravenous administration of FCA to calves 35 days before aerosol exposure to serratia marcescens resulted in a 53.1% reduction in the 2-hour pulmonary mean percent retention of the organism when compared to control calves. FCA treatment increased alveolar macrophage concentration (cells/g lung) by 30.9%. Lymphoid and granulomatous responses were increased in the lungs of treated calves.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Restricted energy intake and elevated calcium and phosphorus intake for boars during growth. II. Foot and leg measurements and toe and soundness scores.

Boars were assigned at 5 wk of age in a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement to two energy (ad libitum and 75% of ad libitum) and two Ca and P levels (100 and 150% of the National Research Council daily recommended amounts) to determine the effect of reduced growth rate and elevated Ca and P intake on foot and leg measurements, pad and horn incidence and severity of lesions, and structural soundness. There were 20 boars/treatment; 15 boars from each treatment were necropsied at 10 +/- 2-d intervals from 80 to 220 d of age (45 to 185 d on test), with the remaining five boars in each treatment being necropsied at 220 d of age. Feet and leg measurements were taken and toe pads and horns were scored initially and after 78 and 131 d on when necropsied. Boars remaining after 130 d on test were scored for overall structural soundness. Toe size and circumference and length of limbs increased as boars grew, with larger values for ad libitum-fed compared with limit-fed boars when observed at a constant age. However, when these values were corrected for body weight, the effect of energy was generally removed and, in some cases, reversed. Limit-fed boars appeared to have fewer pad and horn lesions, but the effects were inconsistent. In general, Ca and P levels had little or no effect on toe and limb sizes and pad and horn lesion scores, whether or not the values were expressed on a constant age or corrected body weight basis. A comparison of inside and outside toes on the front and hind feet revealed that outside toes were larger than inside toes, with the magnitude of the difference much larger for the hind foot than for the front foot. The hind inside toes had fewer pad and horn lesions. Structural soundness scores were more desirable in ad libitum-fed compared with limit-fed boars; but, elevated Ca and P levels had no effect. Thus, these data do not support a hypothesis that structural soundness can be improved by reducing the growth rate of developing boars or by feeding an elevated level of Ca and P.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Restricted energy intake and elevated calcium and phosphorus intake for gilts during growth. IV. Characterization of metacarpal, metatarsal, femur, humerus and turbinate bones of sows during three parities.

The effect of early nutrition on subsequent bone development was studied using gilts that had previously been fed ad libitum or 75% ad libitum intake and 100 or 150% National Research Council-recommended daily Ca and P from weaning to 100 kg. During the three-parity reproductive study, sows were fed a 14% protein diet. Metacarpals and metatarsals were taken from sows culled due to lameness or failure to breed and from sows after completing three parities. Femur and humerus articular cartilage and turbinates were described at necropsy. Metacarpals and metatarsals were heavier and tended to have thicker walls when sows were previously fed ad libitum or fed 150% Ca and P. Energy intake produced the greater response. Metacarpal breaking strength was greatest for sows previously fed ad libitum. Metatarsals were not affected by energy intake. Stiffness, Young's modulus of elasticity (YME) and flexural modulus for metacarpals and metatarsals were not affected by energy intake. Previously fed Ca and P intakes did not affect any of the mechanical bone characteristics. Metacarpals were heavier, had a greater breaking strength, were more elastic and exhibited slightly less resistance to bending than the metatarsals. The ether extract, ash, Ca and P content and the Ca:P ratio of metacarpals and metatarsals were not affected by previously fed energy or Ca and P intakes. The ether extract content tended to decrease and the ash, Ca and P content tended to increase with age. Articular cartilage and turbinate scores were not influenced by previously fed energy or Ca and P intakes. The YME and flexural modulus were the only bone characteristics that were even poorly correlated (average r = .25) with soundness scores, suggesting that high values result in poorer soundness scores. Energy and Ca and P intakes during growth and development had only minimal effects on bone characteristics and no apparent effect on structural soundness and longevity of sows kept for three parities.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Histologic and ultrastructural lesions of mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) poisoned by lead shot.

Studies were conducted in which mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) were administered lead shot, and their tissues were examined by histology and their kidneys were examined by electron microscopy. Doves that ingested four number 8 lead shot and were sacrificed 4 days later had highly elevated lead concentrations in kidney and had acid-fast intranuclear and acid-fast intracytoplasmic inclusions in the cells of the proximal convoluted tubules. Hemosiderin loading was present in the liver as was elevated concentrations of lead in liver. Doves that ingested either four or eight number 8 lead shot and were sacrificed 9 days later had elevated lead concentrations in liver, and hemosiderin loading was present. Acid-fast intranuclear inclusions were present in the proximal convoluted tubule cells. Kidney lead was highly elevated and cellular degeneration was evident with electron microscopic examination.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Histological effects and lead concentrations in tissues of adult male ringed turtle doves that ingested lead shot.

Adult male ringed turtle doves (Streptopelia risoria) were administered 0 or 4-110 mg lead shot and/or were exposed to cold temperatures (6 +/- 1 degrees C). Five of the seven doves that ingested shot and were exposed to cold died. Doves that ingested shot and were not exposed to cld (21 +/- 1 degrees C) had no mortality after 9 d, but several birds had seizures. Tissues were examined microscopically for lesion. Doves ingesting shot consistently had Pb intranuclear inclusion bodies in cells of the proximal convoluted tubules, except if death occurred 48 h after shot ingestion. In such cases as in cold-exposed, Pb-treated birds), intracytoplasmic inclusions were detected. Hemosiderin loading in kupffer cells and rarely in hepatocytes was observed in doves ingesting Pb whether they were exposed to a normal temperature or to cold. it appeared that ingestion of shot could abruptly disturb spermatogenesis in ringed turtle doves. The seminiferious tubules were often devoid of spermatozoa in doves ingesting Pb.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The anatomy and physiology of the bovine respiratory system relating to pulmonary disease.

Bovine respiratory anatomy and physiology were reviewed and considered in relationship to the pathogenesis of pulmonary disease. Factors which may predispose cattle to respiratory disease included a small physiological gaseous exchange capacity, greater basal ventilatory activity, and greater anatomical compartmentalization of the lung as compared with other mammals, a low level and atypical bioactivity of bovine lysozyme, and low numbers of macrophages within the alveolar lumen.

Animal Feed↗