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Biomedical subjects

H Parkash

Publications and source records attributed to H Parkash.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Alkaline phosphatase activity in gingival crevicular fluid during canine retraction.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate alkaline phosphatase activity in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during orthodontic tooth movement in humans. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION: Postgraduate orthodontic clinic. Ten female patients requiring all first premolar extractions were selected and treated with standard edgewise mechanotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL VARIABLE: Canine retraction was done using 100 g sentalloy springs. Maxillary canine on one side acted as experimental site while the contralateral canine acted as control. OUTCOME MEASURE: Gingival crevicular fluid was collected from mesial and distal of canines before initiation of canine retraction (baseline), immediately after initiation of retraction, and on 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st day and the alkaline phosphatase activity was estimated. RESULTS: The results show significant (p < 0.05) changes in alkaline phosphatase activity on the 7th, 14th and 21st day on both mesial and distal aspects of the compared experimental and control sides. The peak in enzyme activity occurred on the 14th day of initiation of retraction followed by a significant fall in activity especially on the mesial aspect. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that alkaline phosphatase activity could be successfully estimated in the GCF using calorimetric estimation assay kits. The enzyme activity showed variation according to the amount of tooth movement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Non-syndromic multiple supernumerary teeth transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait.

Supernumerary teeth are common in the general population and occur more frequently in-patients with family history of such teeth. Multiple supernumerary teeth are associated with cleidocranial dyplasia and Gardner syndrome. However it is rare to find multiple supernumeraries in individuals with no other associated disease or syndrome. We describe the occurrence of multiple supernumerary teeth in a family occurring as a non-syndromal trait. The autosomal dominant transmission of non-syndromal multiple supernumerary teeth is new.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Class-III malocclusion: genetics or environment? A twins study.

Etiology of class-III malocclusion is generally believed to be genetic. A wide range of environmental factors have been suggested as contributing factors for the development of class-III malocclusion. Twin study is one of the most effective methods available for investigating genetically determined variables of malocclusion. Discordancy for class-III malocclusion is a frequent finding in dizygotic twins. However, class-III malocclusion discordancy in monozygotic twins is a rare finding. The purpose of this study of monozygotic twins is to assess the genetic and environmental components of variation within the cranio-dento-facial complex.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed2005

Prosthodontic rehabilitation in Papillon-Lefevre syndrome: a case report.

Papillon-Lefevre syndrome is a rare recessive genetic disorder. The clinical manifestations include palmar-plantar hyperkeratosis with precocious rapidly progressive periodontal disease that results in premature exfoliation of primary and permanent dentitions. Patients are often edentulous at an early age. Here is the report of prosthodontic rehabilitation of a case of Papillon-Lefevre syndrome in a 6-year-old child.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Edentulousness, denture wear and denture needs of Indian elderly--a community-based study.

India has a large geriatric population (60+ years) of 77 millions, comprising 7.7% of its total population. One of the major handicaps in the elderly is loss of teeth, affecting their mastication, dietary intake and nutritional status. The present study was planned to assess the level of edentulousness, denture wearing and denture needs of the elderly in the community and to study the correlation between oral health parameters and socio-demographic variables, diet and body mass index (BMI). A total of 1240 (716 urban and 524 rural) elderly people were studied. It was found that 60% were dissatisfied with their function of mastication because of loss of teeth and lack of dentures. The level of edentulousness was found to be high, more so in rural than in urban people and more so in advancing age, with no significant difference between male and females. The striking finding of this study was the very low level of denture wearing. Only <50% of those needing complete dentures and <13% of those needing partial dentures were wearing dentures. The denture needs of the rural elderly were higher than those of the urban elderly. Vegetarians had a higher level of edentulousness compared with non-vegetarians. The BMI was not correlated with level of edentulousness.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2004

"Craniofacial and dental manifestations of a case of Proteus syndrome".

Proteus syndrome, which is a reference to the ancient Greek god Proteus, the Polymorphous, was called to the attention of pediatricians. Recognition of this syndrome has been difficult because of the variability of the syndrome's manifestations and because of its rarity. We describe a rare case of Proteus syndrome and we discuss its differential diagnosis. Our case presents with hemi facial hypertrophy, scrotal tongue, enamel hyperplasia as well as differential in the size of the dentition on both sides of the arch.

Child↗
PubMed2003

EEC syndrome--a case report.

EEC syndrome is a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome characterized by ectodermal dysplasia, distal limb anomaly, cleft lip and palate and ocular adnexia anomalies. A case report of a 10 year old female patient with EEC is presented and it is emphasised that management of these cases requires a multidisciplinary approach. Early diagnosis will allow parents to get accurate counseling and in particular obtain reassurance regarding the low risk of mental handicap.

Child↗
PubMed2003

Canine ectopia: report of two cases.

Transmigration of mandibular canine is a rare elusive phenomenon described in dental literature. The eruption of such transmigrated canines is even rarer. Two rare cases one of midline mandibular canine and the other of transmigrated mandibular canine across the midline and erupted distal to the opposite lateral incisor are presented. The transmigrated canine maintained its nerve supply from the original site. It is suggested that on routine evaluation of orthopantomograms when the dentist finds an excessive mesial inclination of the unerupted mandibular canine at 8-9 years associated with proclination of lower anteriors. increased axial inclination of the unerupted canine and an enlarged symphyseal cross section area of the chin, it is best to keep such a patient under routine evaluation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Skeletal and dental changes with nonextraction Begg mechanotherapy in patients with Class II Division 1 malocclusion.

This prospective cephalometric study was undertaken to assess the mode and magnitude of Class II correction with nonextraction Begg mechanotherapy in growing children. The sample comprised subjects with similar malocclusion and age range (9-12 years) who were specifically selected for nonextraction Begg mechanotherapy. Cephalograms were analyzed to assess the skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes that occurred after correction of the molar relationship, the overjet, and the overbite during the 9-month treatment period. The results revealed a significant improvement in the anteroposterior jaw relationship, suggested by the significant reduction in the ANB angle (1.62 degrees ) and in Wits AO-BO (1.42 mm). The mandibular length increase of 0.56 mm suggests that the Class II elastics used in nonextraction Begg mechanotherapy had a minimal stimulatory effect on mandibular growth. There was a significant increase in the anterior and posterior facial heights and the ramal height. Almost all of the dental changes were significant. The most striking feature were a significant retraction and extrusion of the maxillary incisors and proclination and intrusion of the lower incisors accompanied by extrusion of the mandibular molars. The maxillary incisors extruded by 1.64 mm under the influence of the undesirable downward component of the Class II elastic forces. The major contribution to overjet and molar correction was predominantly dentoalveolar.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed2000

Ameloblastic fibroma in the midline of mandible: a case report.

The ameloblastic fibroma (AF) is a rare benign mixed odontogenic tumor. It is composed of both epithelial and mesenchymal elements, but lacks of any calcified dental structures. Most of these tumors occur in the mandible and appears preferentially in the posterior portion of the dental arch with molar area predominates over premolar area. It is important to differentiate the lesion from ameloblastoma, since unlike the latter, it does not exhibit a locally invasive growth pattern. It is a well-circumscribed lesion and does not require the radical excision that may be necessary to effect cure with ameloblastoma. The present case report describes a 15-year-old patient with an ameloblastic fibroma in the symphysis of the mandible, a rare reported site. In the beginning of the article an extensive review of the previously published literature on ameloblastic fibroma has been made. In the later part, the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, histology and therapeutic procedures and postoperative follow up of the present case have been described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Mesiodens: a retrospective study of fifty teeth.

A retrospective study of 30 cases of mesiodens is presented. male preponderance of 1.5:1. was 64% mesiodens were impacted and 36% erupted. Inverted impacted mesiodens was seen in 62.5% of the impacted mesiodens. 66.6% cases had 2 mesiodens per case. The harmful effects on the dentition were mostly crowding, rotation, diastema and impacted permanent incisor.

Child↗
PubMed1999

Muscle response to the twin-block appliance: an electromyographic study of the masseter and anterior temporal muscles.

An electromyographic study was performed on 10 young growing girls in the age group of 9 to 12 years with Class II Division 1 malocclusion and retruded mandible, who were under treatment with Twin-block appliances. Bilateral EMG activity of elevator muscles of the mandible (ie, anterior temporalis and masseter) was monitored longitudinally with bipolar surface electrodes to determine changes in postural, swallowing, and maximal voluntary clenching activity during an observation period of 6 months. The changes were noted at the start of treatment (0 month), within 1 month of Twin-block insertion, at the end of 3 months, and at the end of 6 months. The results revealed a significant increase in postural and maximal clenching EMG activity in masseter (P <.01) and a numeric increase in anterior temporalis activity during the 6 month period of treatment. The increased electromyographic activity can be attributed to an enhanced stretch (myotatic) reflex of the elevator muscles, contributing to isometric contractions. The main force for Twin-block treatment appears to be provided through increased active tension in the stretched muscles (motor unit stimulation) and from initiation of myotatic reflex activity and not through passive tension (viscoelastic properties) of jaw muscles. The results of this study reaffirm the importance of full-time wear for functional appliances to exert their maximum therapeutic effect by way of neuromuscular adaptation.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1999

Functional restoration by gap arthroplasty in temporomandibular joint ankylosis: a report of 50 cases.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the cause of temporomandibular ankylosis and the long-term results of gap arthroplasty with coronoidectomy followed by immediate postoperative jaw exercises as a treatment of the condition. STUDY DESIGN: This retrospective study evaluated the cause of temporomandibular joint ankylosis and the 36-month postoperative results of gap arthroplasty in 50 patients (62 joints). The patients were divided into 2 groups; group I (aged 0-12 years) consisted of 29 cases (24 unilateral and 5 bilateral; 34 joints); group II (aged 13-30 years) consisted of 21 cases (14 unilateral and 7 bilateral; 28 joints). A postoperative jaw opening exercise regimen was followed. Descriptive statistics, the Wilcoxon signed rank test, and rank sum 2-sample (Mann-Whitney) tests were applied. RESULT: Trauma to the temporomandibular joint was documented as a major etiologic factor in 86% of cases. The 36-month postoperative mean maximal incisal opening was 30.62 mm (+/- 6.25 mm) for group I and 30.14 mm (+/- 3.9 mm) for group II. The P value in each group was highly significant for the Wilcoxon signed rank test; the Mann-Whitney test showed no difference between the groups, indicating that both groups had done well. The recurrence rate was 2%. CONCLUSION: Trauma is the major cause of temporomandibular joint ankylosis in India. The long-term functional results of gap arthroplasty are satisfactory and comparable to those obtained through use of other treatments. Postoperative exercises play a crucial role in lasting success.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Dental and skeletal changes after intraoral molar distalization with sectional jig assembly.

The present study was conducted on 10 subjects to evaluate dental and skeletal changes after intraoral molar distalization. The maxillary molars were distalized with a sectional jig assembly. Sentalloy open coil springs were used to exert 150 gm of force for a period of 12 weeks. A modified Nance appliance was the main source of anchorage. The pre- and postdistalization records included dental study casts, clinical photographs, and cephalograms. A total of 665 readings recorded from lateral cephalograms and dental casts were subjected to statistical analysis. The mean distal movement of the first molar was 2.78 mm, which was highly significant (o < 0.001). It moved distally at the rate of 0.86 mm/month. There was clinically some distal tipping (3.50 degrees) and distopalatal rotation (2.40 degrees). These changes were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The second molars accompanied the first molars and moved distally by nearly the same amount. There was 1.00 mm increase in the overjet and 2.60 degrees mesial tip of second premolar. The changes in the facial skeleton and dentition bases were minimal and statistically not significant. However, there was clockwise rotation of the mandible of 1.30 degrees that was statistically significant. This was the result of molar extrusion (1.60 mm).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Oral rehabilitation in dentinogenesis imperfecta with overdentures: case report.

A seventeen-year-old girl demonstrating severely worn permanent dentition and multiple retained root stumps with dentinogenesis imperfecta is presented. Overdentures were made to preserve bone height, re-establish the lost vertical dimension of occlusion, to provide acceptable esthetics, and to establish an efficient masticatory system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Central giant cell granuloma of jaws--review of 19 cases.

19 cases of central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) were reviewed after screening the records of the past four years of the Dental out patient department of AIIMS Hospital, New Delhi. It was found that CGCG usually occurs in the 2nd and 3rd decades and is more common in females. The mandible is more frequently involved than the maxilla and lesions occur more commonly on the right than left side.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Differential cell-mediated immune response to S. mutans in children with low and high dental caries.

Role of cell-mediated immune response (CMI) in dental caries was studied in 171 subjects, comprising of 86 children with low caries (LC), 31 with high caries (HC), and 54 age matched controls. [3H]thymidine mediated lymphoblast transformation test (LTT) using mutans streptococci antigen as stimulant was used to study the stimulation index (SI) of in vitro cultured lymphocytes from these children. The analysis revealed low stimulation index in high caries children whereas low caries children exhibited high stimulation index normally ranging between 2 to 6. The findings indicated that low caries children had strong CMI response as compared to high caries children. Although, the findings are based on limited number of samples, it certainly lays emphasis on protective or regulatory role of CMI in different phases of dental caries.

Adolescent↗