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H Payne

Publications and source records attributed to H Payne.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Amplification of the androgen receptor gene in bone metastases from hormone-refractory prostate cancer.

The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of androgen receptor (AR) amplification in metastases to bone and other sites in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) and to compare these findings with those in pretreatment primary tumour samples from the same patients. Tissue from 24 patients with HRPC was available for study, together with 13 primary tumour specimens. AR gene amplification and copy number for X-chromosome were assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a SpectrumOrange-labelled probe at locus Xq11-13 for the AR gene and a SpectrumGreen-labelled alpha-satellite probe for the X-chromosome (Vysis, UK, Ltd.). A minimum of 20 nuclei were scored in each of three tumour areas by two independent observers. Samples from 18/24 patients with HRPC (12 bone marrow biopsies, three local tumour recurrences, and three lymph nodes) and nine primary tumour specimens were adequate for FISH analysis. Results were expressed as a mean ratio of AR gene copy number : mean X-chromosome number, with a ratio of greater than 1.5 defined as amplification. AR gene amplification was seen in 9/18 (50%) cases of HRPC and in none of the primary (untreated) tumour specimens (p = 0.0048, Fisher's exact test). For the 12 bone marrow samples, AR gene amplification occurred in 5/12 (38%) cases. Elevated copy number for chromosome X occurred in 3/18 (17%) HRPC and 4/9 (44%) matched primary tumours. This study shows for the first time that AR gene amplification can be demonstrated by FISH in bone metastases from HRPC patients. Because bone marrow biopsies can be obtained from most patients with HRPC, the findings provide a rational basis for the routine selection of patients who may respond more favourably to second-line anti-androgen therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Anorectal irradiation in pelvic radiotherapy: an assessment using in-vivo dosimetry.

The objectives of this study were to measure by in-vivo techniques the radiation doses received by the anorectum during pelvic radiotherapy and compare these with doses predicted by a GE TARGET treatment planning system. Nine patients with cancers of the prostate, bladder, cervix or uterus were planned with computed tomography (CT) using the TARGET system. A Scanditronix rectal probe containing five n-type photon-detecting diodes was placed in the anorectum during the planning CT scans. The probe position was standardized with the five diodes at 2 cm intervals from the anal verge. The probe diodes were calibrated for 10 MV photons. Doses were measured for each diode for two consecutive fractions in the first four patients and for five consecutive fractions in the remaining five. Thermoluminescent dosimeters were used initially to verify diode doses. The TARGET and diode measured doses were compared. In all patients diodes situated in the target volume were within 7% of predicted doses. This improved to 2.5% after measurement on five fractions. At the edges of the target volume, wide variability existed between measured and predicted doses (measured dose range -68% to +68% of predicted dose). Outside the target volume, considerable doses (up to 0.3 Gy per fraction) were measured in the anal canal, which were not predicted by TARGET. We conclude that TARGET planned doses are accurate within the confines of the target volume. The greatest variability was seen at the edges of the target volume, where dose can vary by 50% across a 1 cm distance in the anterior-posterior plane. TARGET does not account for scattered dose beyond the field edges and therefore underestimates the dose received by the anal canal.

Female↗
PubMed2000

Data protection.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Computer Security↗
PubMed1997

A rapid and simple method for extracting human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA from plasma: enhanced sensitivity.

We present here a rapid and simple technique for processing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected plasma by high-speed centrifugation. HIV type 1 virions are pelleted from up to 1 ml of plasma, gently lysed with a nonionic detergent, and directly amplified. The procedure has few manipulations and requires approximately 1.5 h for the processing of 24 samples. Viral recovery ranges from 80 to 90%, with an analytical sensitivity approaching 20 copies/ml.

HIV Infections↗
PubMed1994

Pathophysiologic basis for operation on Zenker's diverticulum.

An increased resistance to bolus flow through the upper esophageal sphincter has in the past been considered the main cause of increased pharyngeal contraction and the subsequent development of Zenker's diverticulum (ZD). Our study was designed to elucidate the pathophysiologic characteristics of the swallowing mechanism and its possible role in the development of ZD. Fourteen patients with radiologically proved ZD and a matched control group of healthy volunteers with no gastrointestinal symptoms were investigated with esophageal manometry using the station pull-through technique. Although the mean amplitude of pharyngeal contraction was higher in the ZD group, there was no difference in the duration of contraction. The resting tone of the upper esophageal sphincter zone in patients with ZD was found to be lower than normal, but the closing pressure was higher and its duration longer. Though present in 2 patients, pharyngosphincteric incoordination was not the main feature in the ZD group. Sphincteroesophageal incoordination was noted in 9 patients, however. The mean amplitude of the upper esophageal contraction was higher and the duration longer in the ZD group. There was no upper esophageal peristalsis in 3 patients. An operation for the repair of ZD should therefore be undertaken only after careful interpretation of the manometric features of each patient.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Single copies of HIV proviral DNA detected by fluorescent in situ hybridization.

A fluorescent in situ DNA hybridization assay employing a biotinylated DNA probe was used to visualize single copies of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) proviral DNA in the nuclei and metaphase chromosomes of infected cells. In clonal cell lines that contain either one or two copies of proviral DNA, the efficiency of detection of individual loci of proviral DNA was 57% to 78%. Only 1% of uninfected control cells exhibited a false-positive signal. HIV proviral DNA could be accurately identified in mixed populations comprised of only 5% infected cells. Thus, this assay could be used to identify cells that harbor HIV proviral DNA and to monitor the status of proviral DNA throughout the course of HIV infection.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of immune status in pediatric recipients of hepatic orthografts.

Survival in children following hepatic transplantation is better than in adults. We evaluated the immunologic status of both pediatric and adult patients prior to and following transplantation, to determine if there were differences in immunologic status that might contribute to this phenomenon. Studies included determination of mononuclear cell subsets, including T cells, T helper cells, T suppressor cells, and monocytes. In addition, we evaluated immune function by studying in vitro immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesis. Following transplantation, the T8 (cytotoxic/suppressor) cells in pediatric patients did not decline, whereas in adults they did (P less than .05). In vitro Ig synthesis in both adult and pediatric patients declined following transplantation. By 4 weeks, the adult group had begun to recover, whereas in the pediatric group there was still significant suppression (P less than .05). These studies suggest that there is decreased immune function in children who are recipients of hepatic allografts. Such findings could contribute to better outcome of hepatic allografting in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

A randomized trial of 13-cis retinoic acid with or without cytosine arabinoside in patients with the myelodysplastic syndrome.

Ninety-eight consecutive patients with myelodysplastic syndrome were randomized to a treated or a control group, both receiving conventional supportive therapy. The treated group were given 13-cis-retinoic acid 20 mg/d if marrow blasts were less than or equal to 5% or cytosine arabinoside 10 mg/d subcutaneously on 6 d/week if marrow blasts were 6-30%, to which retinoic acid was added after 12 weeks. Serum levels of the drugs in the treated group were similar to those that would produce inhibition of CFU-GM growth in vitro. In patients in the low blast group receiving retinoic acid, myeloid surface antigens reverted from an abnormal to a normal pattern. Log rank analysis carried out after 25 months showed no significant difference in survival between the treated and control group, either in the total patient population or in the high and low blast groups considered separately. However, analysis of 39 non-sideroblastic patients with less than or equal to 5% blasts showed an increase in survival in the treated group.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Medical and social service provision for families of children with NTD.

The supply of services to the families of children with spina bifida participating in the South Wales longitudinal study was reviewed. Initially general information and contact with other mothers were the commonest needs; as the children grew older the need for practical, material and financial help took priority. Parents were, generally, very satisfied with support provided by hospital staff with whom they had frequent, regular contact. Contact with health visitors and social workers was considered insufficient and unsatisfactory. Mothers of more severely disabled children were most likely to receive visits, but some saw none and contact with the social services decreased as the children got older. The locally organised parents association (SWASBAH) was able to provide information, financial assistance, holiday accommodation, and contact with others in a similar position; all of which were common, but otherwise inadequately met, needs. Despite improvements, particularly in financial benefits, over the course of the study, at 18 years parents appeared largely unsupported as they faced major changes in their children's lives. Throughout the study support from SWASBAH and the interviewer appeared to far outweight the statutory, non-medical, support.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Response rate and toxicity of etoposide (VP-16) in squamous carcinoma of the lung: report from the Lung Cancer Treatment Study Group.

In two multicenter studies, 325 patients with advanced squamous lung cancer were randomized to receive either no treatment v oral etoposide (VePe-sid) 300 mg/m2 on days 1 and 2 for 6 cycles, or the same dose of oral etoposide v the same dose of oral etoposide plus cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m2 IV on days 1 and 2, each given for 6 cycles. A total of 175 patients in both trials received oral etoposide alone. All patients assigned to treatment were included in the results. Remissions occurred in 20 (11%) patients (CR in 1; PR in 19). Leukopenia occurred in 2% of patients and other toxicity was acceptable.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1985

A single dose of sulfametopyrazine versus 7 days of ampicillin in acute on chronic bronchitis.

Forty-two patients with acute on chronic bronchitis received in double-blind fashion either a single dose of 2 g of sulfametopyrazine or ampicillin 250 mg thrice daily for 7 days. There were no significant differences between treatments in the number of patients achieving white sputum, the time to do so, or the incidence of pathogens at the end of treatment. Blood levels of sulfametopyrazine between 8 and 24 hours and on the seventh day were likely to result in sputum concentration adequate to kill Haemophilus influenzae.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Thermolability in Wernicke's encephalopathy.

A patient with signs of Wernicke's disease had low body temperature and showed thermolability when challenged with cold and heat. This man expressed no feelings of thermal discomfort about his persistently low core temperature or about induced changes in his core temperature. He also showed abnormalities in his febrile response to pyrogen and in his circadian temperature rhythm. Treatment with thiamine hydrochloride resulted in substantial improvement in these thermoregulatory deficits.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1977

Marital stability following the birth of a child with spina bifida.

The matrimonial stability of 142 families where a child with neural tube malformation (mostly spina bifida) was born between 1964 and 1966, including 56 families with a surviving spina bifida child, was examined in January 1976. The divorce rate for families with a surviving child was found to be nine times higher than that for the local population and three times higher than for families experiencing bereavement of their spina bifida child. Marriages which followed a pre-nuptial conception resulting in a spina bifida child were particularly vulnerable and had a divorce or separation risk of 50 per cent. All the divorced fathers had remarried, but only one of the mothers. It is concluded that a handicapped child adds greatly to the strain on a marriage, especially when this has not been cemented before the arrival of a child. This strain is diminished by the child's early death.

Adolescent↗