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Biomedical subjects

H Phillips

Publications and source records attributed to H Phillips.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Immunotherapeutic potential in murine tumor models of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid and poly-L-lysine solubilized by carboxymethylcellulose.

The systemic administration of multiple, nontoxic doses of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid and poly-L-lysine solubilized by carboxymethylcellulose [poly(I,C)-LC] eradicated established experimental and spontaneous pulmonary metastases. Optimal immunotherapy was schedule dependent, requiring three to five injections of poly(I,C)-LC per week for a minimum of 4 weeks; in addition, therapeutic efficiency was partially dosage independent. Immunotherapy by poly(I,C)-LC was found to be limited by tumor burden, although when combined with chemotherapy as a debulking regimen it resulted in increased survival with protocols in which poly(I,C)-LC alone was insufficient. These data suggest that the systemic administration of poly(I,C)-LC may provide a successful adjuvant therapeutic modality against cancer metastasis.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1985

Augmentation of NK cell activity in tissue specific sites by liposomes incorporating MTP-PE.

Liposomes incorporating a variety of immunomodulators have been shown to activate macrophages and monocytes for tumoricidal activity both in vivo and in vitro. We report that in addition to the activation of macrophages, the i.v. injection of liposomes (multilamellar vesicles) that have encapsulated muramyl tripeptide-phosphatidylethanolamine (MTP-PE) could also augment interstitial natural killer (NK) cell activity in the lung and the liver. In contrast, liposomes incorporating MTP-PE were unable to augment NK cell activity in the spleen, peripheral blood, or peritoneal cavity (after i.p. injection). In addition, liposomes did not augment splenic NK cell activity in vitro. This suggests that the augmentation of NK cell activity in the lungs and liver was not due to direct effects of the liposomes but may have been a secondary effect mediated by a monokine. The augmentation of pulmonary NK cell activity was paralleled by the nonspecific immunoprophylaxis of experimental pulmonary metastases. The augmented NK cell activity, as well as the enhanced nonspecific immunoprophylactic activity, was reduced by pretreatment of the mice with anti-asialo GM1 antiserum. Thus, the augmentation of organ-associated NK cell activity by liposomes incorporating MTP/PE plays a major role in the host's increased resistance to the formation of experimental metastases.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed1984

Quantitative measurements of joint mobility in adolescents.

Six measurements of joint mobility were made in a group of 446 normal adolescents. A method of measuring hip and knee rotation is presented. All these data are normally distributed, and would suggest that joint hypermobility lies at the end of the normal spectrum. There was a weak but significant correlation between each of the different measures of joint mobility except elbow hyperextention. Criteria for joint laxity are discussed in this age group, and the importance of quantitative techniques of measuring joint mobility are emphasised.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Mechanical factors in the incidence of knee pain in adolescents and young adults.

Mechanical abnormalities of the patellofemoral joint are among the many causes that have been suggested for adolescent knee pain. This study seeks to identify these factors. Measurements of joint mobility and lower limb morphology were made on 446 pupils at a comprehensive school, 136 of whom had suffered knee pain in the previous year. The pupils with symptoms enjoyed sporting activities significantly more than their symptom-free contemporaries. Joint mobility, the Q-angle, genu valgum and anteversion of the femoral neck were not significantly different between those pupils with and those without anterior knee pain. Data on lower limb morphology of normal adolescents are presented. Examination of 52 hospital outpatients aged 13 to 36 years with anterior knee pain produced results comparable with those for the pupils. It is concluded that chronic overloading, rather than faulty mechanics, is the dominant factor in the genesis of anterior knee pain in adolescent patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Computer recording of anatomical points in three dimensional space.

A microcomputer based system has been designed to obtain spatial information for orthopaedic measurements, using three potentiometers as the transducer. Both hardware and software are described, including algorithms for converting the raw data to lengths and angles in three dimensional space.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

A noninvasive radiographic technique for evaluation of exercise-induced changes in cardiac function.

An electrocardiographic-triggered radiographic technique for obtaining a single image of the heart at both end-systole and end-diastole was used in conjunction with upright bicycle exercise to detect stress-induced changes in 1) systolic and diastolic cardiac transverse diameter, and 2) regional motion of the free left ventricular wall. Twenty-one patients were studied; 10 had normal coronary arteries and 11 had significant coronary artery disease. Twenty patients (10 with normal coronary arteries and 10 with coronary artery disease) also had multigated radionuclide blood pool scans at rest and with exercise. All patients without coronary disease showed a decrease in systolic cardiac transverse diameter with exercise and a slight increase in amplitude of motion of the left ventricular free wall. Eight (73%) of the 11 patients with coronary artery disease showed an increase in systolic transverse cardiac diameter with exercise (p less than 0.001), and 5 developed either new regional left ventricular asynergy or deterioration of segments with rest asynergy. Eight of the 10 patients with coronary artery disease who had rest and exercise radionuclide scans had an abnormal ejection fraction response to exercise. However, only 4 of the 10 control patients who had multigated scans had a normal ejection fraction response, although all showed normal regional wall motion with exercise. This new approach is inexpensive and easily performed. These preliminary data suggest that it may be a useful adjunct to cardiac stress testing and is worthy of further study.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The effect on epidermal DNA synthesis of a combination of topical steroid with either dithranol or tar as used for psoriasis.

The hairless mouse was used to investigate the effects of a combination of glucocorticosteroid with either dithranol or tar on epidermal DNA synthesis, in order to determine whether such combinations reduce epidermal DNA synthesis more effectively than the single agents. Dithranol alone produced a significant local inhibition of DNA synthesis at concentrations of 0.1% and 0.05% but not at lower concentrations. Dose-response data for dilutions of clobetasol propionate and betamethasone 17-valerate showed progressive diminution of both local and systemic effects with decreasing concentrations. An additive effect was found from combining clobetasol propionate with dithranol and from combining betamethasone 17-valerate with liquor picis carbonis. These combined preparations were tested again after storage for 6 months and 2 months respectively and showed no loss of efficacy. These results lend justification to the use of these combined preparations in the treatment of psoriasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Outcome in one-vessel coronary artery disease.

We analyzed the clinical outcomes in 688 patients with isolated stenosis of one major coronary artery. The survival rate among patients with disease of the right coronary artery (RCA) was higher than that among patients with left anterior descending (LAD) or left circumflex coronary artery (LCA) disease. The survival rate among patients in all three anatomic subgroups exceeded 90% at 5 years. The presence of a lesion proximal to the first septal perforator of the LAD was associated with decreased survival compared with the presence of a more distal lesion. For the entire group of one-vessel disease patients, total ischemic events (death and nonfatal infarction) occurred at similar rates regardless of the anatomic location of the lesion. Left ventricular ejection fraction was the baseline descriptor most strongly associated with survival, and the characteristics of the angina had the strongest relationship with nonfatal myocardial infarction. No differences in survival or total cardiac event rates were found with surgical or nonsurgical therapy. The relief of angina was superior with surgical therapy, although the majority of nonsurgically treated patients had significant relief of angina. The survival rate of patients with one-vessel coronary disease is excellent, and the risk of nonfatal infarction is low. Clinical strategies for the care of these patients must consider the long-term clinical course of one-vessel coronary disease.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1982

Applications of glucocorticosteroids. The effects of twice-daily vs once-every-other-day applications on mouse epidermal cell DNA synthesis.

To determine a schedule for continuous suppression of epidermal cell DNA synthesis, 0.05% fluocinonide ointment was applied either twice daily or once on alternate days to hairless mouse skin for 174 hours. Suppression occurred similarly for both regimens for 78 hours followed by an increase in DNA synthesis despite continued application of fluocinonide. The systemic effect was less marked with the alternate-day schedule. The effect of a single application of the fluocinonide ointment was also studied over 174 hours. Substantial inhibition of DNA synthesis occurred but for a shorter period followed by an increase and then return to normal values. Experiments were performed where second applications were made at various time intervals after the first. These did not appear to affect events until 192 hours had elapsed, when a second application caused profound inhibition of DNA synthesis once more.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1976

Pseudotumor of temporomandibular joint: destructive calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate arthropathy.

The clinical and pathological features of a tumor of the temporamandibular joint occurring in a 55 year old man, and subsequently identified as a calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) arthropathy, are reported. Crystalline deposits were identified by compensated light microscopy and confirmed with X-ray diffraction, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy. The relationship of this unique case to other clinical presentations of CPPD deposition disease and the implications of the histological features to the pathogenesis of pseudogout are discussed. This case demonstrates that CPPD arthropathy should be included in the differential diagnosis of an arthrosis or of a tumor involving the temporomandibular joint.

Arthritis↗
PubMed1975

The Walldius hinge arthroplasty.

Eighty-three Walldius arthroplasties, performed by one surgeon as salvage operation on the knee joint between 1966 and 1972, were independently reviewed. The fifty-seven living patients with sixty-seven arthroplasties were interviewed and examined and the clinical records of the deceased patients were inspected. Sixty-seven arthroplasties (81 per cent) were successful and sixteen failed (19 per cent). Acrylic cement was used to secure the prosthesis on eight occasions only. There were two primary infections (2-4 per cent) and two delayed (2-4 per cent). Major loosening occurred in three arthroplasties (3-6 per cent). Minor loosening was compatible with a good result. Arthrodesis was successful on the two occasions on which it became necessary to remove the implant. There were no disasters. On the basis of these results it is considered that the Walldius arthroplasty can justifiably be offered as an alternative to primary arthrodesis of the knee.

Adolescent↗