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H Prauser

Publications and source records attributed to H Prauser.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Friedmanniella antarctica gen. nov., sp. nov., an LL-diaminopimelic acid-containing actinomycete from Antarctic sandstone.

A gram-positive, aerobic, slowly growing actinomycete was isolated from antarctic sandstone. Packets of spherical cells of this organism form clusters. The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan is LL-diaminopimelic acid with glycine in position 1 of the peptide subunit. The major menaquinone is MK-9(H4), and the main cellular fatty acids are 12- and 13-methyltetradecanoic acids. Only a few organic compounds are metabolized. The DNA base composition is 73 mol% G + C. A 16S ribosomal DNA sequence comparison showed that this isolate is a phylogenetic neighbor of the propionibacteria and related taxa. Its closest relative is Microlunatus phosphovorus. Morphological, physiological, and genotypic characteristics support the description of a new genus and new species, Friedmanniella antarctica gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is strain AA-1042 (= DSM 11053).

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1997

Terracoccus luteus gen. nov., sp. nov., an LL-diaminopimelic acid-containing coccoid actinomycete from soil.

A gram-positive, aerobic actinomycete was isolated from soil. Spherical cells of this organism occur singly or form packets, which may cluster. The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell wall peptidoglycan is LL-diaminopimelic acid. The predominate menaquinone is MK-8 (H4), and the main fatty acids are 13-methyl tetradecanoic acid and 12-methyl tetradecanoic acid. The diagnostic polar lipids are phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol. The DNA base composition is 73 mol% G + C. Comparison of 16S ribosomal DNA sequences showed that this isolate is a phylogenetic neighbor of Terrabacter tumescens and Intrasporangium calvum. Genotypic, chemotaxonomic, morphological, and physiological characteristics are used to describe a new genus and species, Terracoccus luteus gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is strain IMET 7848 (= DSM 44267).

Actinomycetaceae↗
PubMed1989

[Thoracic actinomycosis].

Actinomycosis is an infectious disease distributed all over the world. Males are affected three times more than females; the incidence of the disease is higher in adults than in children. The main causative agent is Actinomyces israelii, which can be found in the oropharynx of healthy persons. Therefore actinomycosis represents always an endogenous infection, often in connection with other bacteriae. The thoracic manifestation amounts to approximately 15 percent of all cases. The main clinical symptoms are pain, fever, cough, fatigue, and weight loss. The blood picture shows an increased number of white blood cells with a left shift in the differential white blood cell count. Furthermore, there is a strongly raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Radiographs demonstrate no typical patterns of pulmonary abnormalities. For the diagnosis there is a need of anaerobic cultures, in second line histological examination of tissue specimens. Differential diagnosis of actinomycosis includes chronic pneumonias caused by other rare germs and neoplasms. After early onset antibiotic long term treatment a good prognosis may be expected. Penicillin represents the antibiotic of first choice.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1987

Aklanonic acid-producing mutants of Streptomyces galilaeus and Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius.

A number of blocked mutants was investigated which were obtained from taxonomically identified Streptomyces strains producing anthracyclines. Two of these mutants, NTG 061 derived from S. galilaeus F 198 and mutant 135 derived from S. peucetius var. caesius 601 F.I.1), accumulated an anthraquinone derivative which was identified as aklanonic acid. The results supplied further evidence that this compound was an intermediate of the biosynthetic pathway leading to different types of anthracyclines. It occurred before ring closure to the final tetracyclic anthracyclinone skeleton.

Anthraquinones↗
PubMed1983

Degradation of aniline and monochloroanilines by Rhodococcus sp. An 117 and a pseudomonad: a comparative study.

Two newly isolated aniline-degrading bacterial strains were characterized with regard to their enzyme systems responsible for aniline catabolism. One of them identified as a Rhodococcus sp. metabolized aniline exclusively via the beta-ketoadipate pathway by means of inducible enzymes. The aniline-degrading enzyme system of the second isolate, presumably a pseudomonad, was shown to consist of an inducible aniline-converting enzyme and constitutive meta-pathway enzymes. Both isolates failed to metabolize monochlorinated anilines in the absence of additional carbon sources. To explain this the ring-cleaving enzymes of both isolates were examined for their substrate specificities. Furthermore, the effect of 4-chlorocatechol on the enzymes catalyzing aniline conversion and catechol oxygenation was investigated.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1980

[Naphthoquinone antibiotics from Streptomyces lateritius. I Fermentation, isolation and characterization of granatomycins A, C, and D].

The fermentation and isolation procedures of the antibiotic granatomycin produced by Streptomyces lateritius are described. Furthermore, the producing strain ZIMET 43 627 and the main constituents of granatomycin will be characterized. Granatomycin is a red-violet pigment antibiotic of the naphthoquinone type. The physicochemical properties of granatomycin resemble those of granaticin. The antibiotic can be isolated from culture filtrates and from the mycelium by extraction with lower aliphatic alcohols. It can be purified by gel filtration methods. Granatomycin displays antimicrobial activity, particularly against grampositive and gramnegative bacteria, and antiviral activity against fowl-plaque-virus in mammalian cells. Granatomycin is useful in selection of resistant mutants of bacteria and viruses with decreased virulence but high immunogenity suitable for use as life vaccines against infection diseases. The physicochemical properties of the main constituents of granatomycin studied confirm the identity of granatomycin C with granaticin and the identity of granatomycin D with dihydrogranaticin Granatomycin A is identical with the well-known semisynthetic methylester of dihydrogranaticin. Therefore, the production of granatomycin A is the first possibility to produce this derivative of granaticin biosynthetically.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1976

[Lambdamycin, an antibiotic from Streptomyces glaucoachromogenes Prauser strain MET 31118].

Lambdamycin-producing strains were detected by means of the BIP test method. The isolation technique and the physicochemical and biological properties of lambdamycin, an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces glaucoachromogenes, are described. Lambdamycin is a yellow-green pigment of the chromoglycoside type. Digitalose and fucose are the sugar components. The physicochemical properties of lambdamycin resemble those of chartreusin. However, the known biological activity is different. The antibiotic can be isolated from culture filtrates and from the mycelium by extraction with lower aliphatic alcohols. It can be purified by gel filtration methods. Lambdamycin displays antimicrobial activity, particularly against grampositive bacteria. Strains which produce enzymes inactivating different commercial antibiotics are also inhibited. Moreover, lambdamycin shows antiviral activity, as well as cancerostatic and ergotropic action in vitro and in vivo. The acute LD50 of lambdamycin in mice after 21 days was greater than 125 mg/kg when administered intraperitoneally.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Biosynthesis and the isolation of the new anthracyclin antibiotics, violamycins A, BI, BII and their aglycones].

The conditions of fermentation, isolation and some of the physico-chemical properties of the new anthracycline antibiotics, i. e. viomycin A, BI, BII and their aglycones, produced by a strain of Streptomyces violaceus IMET JA 6844 are described. Violamycin A is mainly a complex of aminoglycosides of epsilon- and dzeta-isorhodomycinone, beta-rhodomycinone and (alpha)2-rhodomycinone. The sugar component is rhodosamine. Violomycin BI is mainly a complex of trisaccharides of the same aglycones mentioned above. The sugar components are rhodosamine, 2-desoxy-L-fucose and rhodinose. Violomycin BII is mainly a rhodosaminyl-2-desoxy-L-fucosyl-derivative of epsilon- and dzeta-isorhodomycinone, beta- and epsilon-rhodomycinone and (alpha)2-rhodomycinone. Violamycin complexes A, BI, BII mainly consist of 6 aglycone components which are similar to the other members of anthracyline antibiotics but can be diferentiated from them by physico-chemical and biological properties. Epsilon- and dzeta-isorhodomycinone, epsilon- and (alpha)2-rhodomycinone and dzeta-rhodomycinone one of the 8 minor components contained in the mixture of the aglycones of the violomycin complex so far has been determined as constituents of an antibiotic.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1972

Screening, fermentation, isolation, and chracterization of trypanomycin, a new antibiotic.

A Streptomyces strain which is similar to S. diastatochromogenes (Krainsky) Waksman et Henrici 1948 sensu Hütter (1967) was found to produce a new antibiotic designated trypanomycin. The red-pigment antibiotic, which has novel trypanocidal activity in vitro and in vivo, was isolated from a C-, N-, and iron-containing culture of the strain IMET JA 10081/9 by extraction with organic solvents, transfer into the aqueous phase, reextraction with organic solvents at pH 6.8, precipitation by hydrocarbons, and purification by chromatographic methods. Trypanomycin has indicator properties. The main constituents of the antibiotic mixture are readily soluble in water and are very stable in distilled water at room temperature (28 C) for 24 hr. The composition of the base of trypanomycin A(2) (melting point, 175 to 183 C) corresponds to the empirical formula C(41-42)H(52-56)NO(21-22). The absorption spectra in the ultraviolet and visible regions are very similar to those of the 4,5,8-trioxyanthrachinones. Trypanomycin has strong antiprotozoal activity, e.g., against trypanosomes. The natural substance additionally inhibits the growth of gram-positive bacteria, stable as well as unstable L-forms of gram-negative bacteria, mycoplasmas, yeast protoplasts, and tumor cells in vitro. The LD(50) of trypanomycin in mice was 60 mg/kg when administered intravenously and 31 mg/kg on intraperitoneal administration. If the antibiotic was added to cultures of animal or human cells in vitro, mitotic inhibition and chromosomal aberrations resulted. Trypanomycin differs in its biological activities and chromatographic behavior from other anthracyclines, e.g., cinerubine A and B, daunomycin, adriamycin, nogalamycin, rutilantin, pyrromycin, cyclamycin, and ryemycin.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1970

Motile nocardoid Actinomycetales.

The properties of 42 strains of nocardoid (nocardioform) bacteria were compared. The results indicate that the organism previously called Nocardia turbata does not belong to the genus Nocardia nor does it fit into any of the previously described genera.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1970

Description of Oerskovia gen. n. to harbor Orskov's motile nocardia.

The genus Oerskovia is proposed to harbor actinomycetes forming an extensively branched substrate mycelium which usually breaks up into motile elements. Cell wall preparations contain major amounts of lysine and galactose. Aspartic acid is often present in major amounts. Aerial mycelium is not formed. Gram reaction and catalase production are positive. The type species is Oerskovia turbata comb. n.

Actinomycetales↗