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Biomedical subjects

H Proskin

Publications and source records attributed to H Proskin.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

A look at the safety profile of over-the-counter naproxen sodium: a meta-analysis.

As the trend for Americans to self-medicate continues to increase, it becomes important to review the safety of over-the-counter (OTC) medications. This article will review the safety of an OTC analgesic, Aleve (naproxen sodium). The objective of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the frequency of occurrence of all adverse events in subjects taking various doses of OTC naproxen sodium as compared to placebo. These varying doses and dosage regimens were studied individually and consisted of 220 to 880 mg administered in single, multiple, and PRN (as needed) doses of naproxen sodium. This meta-analysis confirmed the favorable safety profile of naproxen sodium at OTC doses and established that the overall occurrence of adverse events with naproxen sodium was comparable and in some cases significantly lower than placebo. These results indicate that treatment with naproxen sodium may be highly beneficial from a clinical and economical perspective and safe when adhering to labeled directions.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
PubMed2000

Periodontal disease progression.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this investigation is to use noninvasive, state-of-the-art, diagnostic techniques to measure periodontal disease progression and model periodontal disease activity over time. In this investigation, digital subtraction radiography and an electronic controlled force periodontal probe capable of attachment level measurement were used to measure bone loss and attachment loss, respectively. The use of these nearly continuous measures of attachment and bone loss allowed detection of small amounts of disease activity and provided data to be used in modeling of the disease process over time. METHODS: Forty-four patients were studied for 18 months. Examinations used clinical attachment level measures at 1-month intervals and quantitative radiology at 6-month intervals. The sites were analyzed by regression for statistically significant changes. These data were used to determine sites of periodontal disease activity for testing various models of periodontal disease progression. RESULTS: Overall 22.8% of sites lost attachment, 5.4% gained, and 71.7% demonstrated no statistically significant change. The mean time to lose 1 mm of attachment was 8.4 +/- 0.6 months. In the first model tested a step-wise discriminant analysis was used to determine whether or not baseline measurements of plaque (PI), gingival inflammation (GI), attachment loss, and probing depth (PD) could be used to derive a satisfactory model for disease progression. Although the overall model was statistically significant with PI, PD, and GI contributing to the model (Wilks' lambda = 0.859, F = 5.71, P <0.0012), its predictive power was relatively weak. A considerably stronger significant model resulted when the rate of attachment loss over the first 6 months, baseline PI, and baseline GI were included (Wilks' lambda = 0.712, F = 14.17, P<0.00001). A significant model also resulted when bone loss during the first 6 months and baseline probing depth were included (Wilks' lambda = 0.438, F = 61.48, P<0.00001). When the last model was applied to each site, the sensitivity in predicting disease progression was 80.0% and the specificity in ruling out progressive disease was 93.9%. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that clinically significant progression of attachment loss in posterior tooth sites occurs as a frequent event in adult periodontitis. The modeling data also suggest that short-term (6 month) measures of periodontal disease progression greatly improve the ability to model attachment loss over a longer period in untreated periodontitis patients.

Calibration↗
PubMed1999

Assessing the efficacy and safety of an electric interdental cleaning device.

BACKGROUND: Although routine interdental cleaning is important and recommended by dental professionals, compliance has been relatively low. To aid in improving compliance, an electrically powered device has been developed. METHODS: This six-month randomized, single-blinded, parallel-group study was conducted to compare the long-term efficacy and safety of a new interdental cleaning device (Braun Oral-B Interclean, model ID2) with those of an ADA-approved waxed dental floss in healthy adults. RESULTS: The authors found no statistically significant difference between the two products with respect to the gingival index or gingival bleeding index after three or six months of use. A one-time product use, at the six-month examination, confirmed the equivalency of the two methods with respect to removal of dental plaque. The oral soft-tissue status of both groups of subjects also remained comparable throughout the study. CONCLUSION: Use of the interdental cleaning device and dental floss resulted in comparable benefits with respect to gingival health and plaque removal. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Although it was not shown to be an improvement over dental floss, the cleaning device was comparable in every respect. Since it can be used with one hand and does not require as much dexterity as floss, the device warrants consideration by those who lack the motivation or are unable to use dental floss.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

A comparison of the efficacy and safety of an electric and a manual children's toothbrush.

Effective plaque control of the primary dentition can be particularly difficult to achieve because of problems with motivation and manual dexterity in some children. This study compared plaque control efficacy of a new electric toothbrush designed specifically for use by children with a children's manual brush. Results showed that in a pediatric population aged between 8 and 12 years, the electric brush achieved significantly greater plaque removal from both primary and permanent dentition.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1996

Magnetic resonance imaging findings in asymptomatic volunteers and symptomatic patients with temporomandibular disorders.

Internal derangement has been suggested to be a cause of temporomandibular disorders. This study compared magnetic resonance imaging findings in 82 asymptomatic volunteers and 263 symptomatic patients. Disk displacement was observed in 33% of the asymptomatic volunteers and 84% of the symptomatic patients. The prevalence of trauma, headache, and other joint problems was more common in symptomatic patients. A history of general anesthesia and orthodontic treatment was not increased in the symptomatic population compared with asymptomatic volunteers. This study suggests that disk displacement is more common in symptomatic subjects.

Cartilage, Articular↗
PubMed1996

A comparative clinical study of extrinsic tooth stain removal with two electric toothbrushes [Braun D7 and D9] and a manual brush.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of two oscillating/rotating toothbrushes, (Braun Oral-B Plaque Remover-D7 and Braun Oral-B Ultra Plaque Remover-D9) and a manual toothbrush with respect to removing extrinsic dental stain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This randomized, three-way cross-over study investigated 24 subjects entering the trial, which was divided into three, 5-day periods. Over the first 4 days of the study, an intense chlorhexidine/tea rinsing regimen was employed to induce extrinsic tooth staining. On day 5, each subject was assessed for tooth stain; they then brushed for a total of 2 minutes with one of the three randomly allocated toothbrushes. Stain evaluations were repeated after 30 seconds, 1 and 2 minutes brushing, with the intensity of stain, area of stain and number of sites with < 10% stained tooth area, being recorded at each assessment. RESULTS: Analysis of the results showed that the two electric toothbrushes were significantly better at removing stain than the manual toothbrush. In addition, the D9 was consistently more effective than the D7, with the difference with respect to stain area achieving statistical significance (P < 0.05) after 2 minute's brushing. All three brushes were found to be safe, and there was no evidence of any soft or hard tissue abrasion. It was concluded that the oscillating/rotating electric toothbrushes were more effective in removing extrinsic dental stain than a manual brush, and that compared with the D7, the newly designed Braun Oral-B Ultra Plaque Remover has an increased potential for stain removal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Activity of anterior temporalis and masseter muscles during deliberate unilateral mastication.

The reproducibility of electromyographic parameters descriptive of deliberate unilateral chewing (activity, timing, curve symmetry) was investigated in normal asymptomatic volunteers. The best time for the initiation of muscle activity was also examined, with the future aim of staging TMJ internal derangements. The results suggest that activity is the most reliable variable, indicating that it may be helpful in describing muscle incoordination. When time was used in conjunction with another variable, overall reproducibility decreased.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Angular and linear comparisons with unilateral mandibular asymmetry.

Twelve patients (mean age 24 years) presenting with facial asymmetry, thought to represent unilateral mandibular condylar hyperplasia, were included in this study. Two distinct patient groups were noted: (1) with apparent condylar hyperplasia and (2) with unilateral internal derangements. Six patients were found to have normal TMJs bilaterally and six had unilateral internal derangement occurring on the short side. Angular and linear measurements were compared using Student's t test for discrete variables between the two groups and ANOVA for continuous variables; however, they were unable to demonstrate any set of circumstances that would suggest differences between the two groups. The only clear distinction was the presence of degenerative joint disease on the short side. This suggests that standard radiographs would be helpful if other imaging studies were not performed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Cementum thickness and mesial drift.

Cementum thickness increases uniformly with age, and questionably from functional stimulation due to tensional forces. Mesial drift of teeth results in tensional forces on distal root surfaces. This study evaluated whether there was any discernible effect on cementum thickness related to mesial drift in humans. The material consisted of maxillary and mandibular bicuspids and molars with their surrounding periodontia from 5 humans (mean age at death, 48.6 years). The teeth and tissues had been sectioned histologically in a mesio-distal plane, and the analysis for each tooth was done using 3 step-serial sections from the mid-buccolingual region. On the mesial and distal surface of each tooth, cementum thickness was measured in microns at 3 defined locations at a level representing the mid-point of root length for bicuspids and molars. Means from the measurements on mesial and distal surfaces were compared using descriptive and and inferential statistical methods. For each individual tooth analyzed, the cementum was thicker on the distal surface (range greater, 32-107%; mean, 69%). The statistical comparisons showed that cementum thickness on the distal surface was significantly greater for bicuspids (mesial, 135 microns: distal, 216 microns), molars (mesial, 154 microns: distal, 284 microns), and all teeth combined (mesial, 154 microns: distal, 284 microns). The magnitude of this difference became greater with increasing age. It was concluded that cementum thickness was markedly greater on the distal surfaces of teeth from adult humans, and that this may be due to functional stimulation from mesial drift over time.

Adult↗