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Biomedical subjects

H Pschera

Publications and source records attributed to H Pschera.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Influence of the maturity of the vaginal epithelium upon the absorption of vaginally administered estradiol-17 beta and progesterone in postmenopausal women.

Serum concentrations of estradiol-17 beta and its metabolites estrone (unconjugated) and total estrone (mainly estrone sulfate) and of progesterone were measured before and after application of one vaginal suppository containing 250 micrograms estradiol-17 beta and 10 mg progesterone to 10 previously unsubstituted healthy postmenopausal women with normal pretreatment serum steroid levels. Vaginal hormone cytology was performed prior to administration of the estrogen-progesterone combination. An atrophic vaginal mucosa was found in 5 and a moderate proliferation in the other 5 women. A significant association was found between proliferation and pretreatment values of estrone, but not with other steroids. There was a clear, significant association between steroid absorption kinetics and the condition of the vaginal mucosa as indicated by cytological data: significantly higher absorption was found in women with an atrophic vaginal mucosa.

Absorption↗
PubMed1989

Hydropic degeneration resembling hydatidiform mole in tubal pregnancy.

This report concerns one case of tubal pregnancy in which the initial PAD indicated a hydatidiform mole. However, re-examination revealed histologically marked hydropic degeneration. This implication emphasizes the complexity of histopathological examination of placental tissue.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Testing and training of the pelvic floor muscles after childbirth.

In a prospective study of 83 women, two different physiotherapy methods for strengthening the pelvic floor muscles after childbirth were evaluated. The training program was carried out by the patients at home for 12 weeks, starting 8 weeks after spontaneous uneventful delivery. Forty-two women did pelvic floor exercises in accordance with the method presented by Kegel. Forty-one women used standard vaginal cones with weights increasing in 10 g stages from 20 to 100 g, to be retained in the vagina both when standing erect and moving. Pelvic floor muscle strength, defined as the weight in grams of the heaviest cone that could be retained in the vagina, was recorded before and after the 12-week training period. Training with vaginal cones produced significantly better pelvic floor muscle strength than did exercise without cones.

Exercise↗
PubMed1988

The influence of copper intrauterine device on fatty acid composition of cervical mucus lecithin.

Fatty acid composition of lecithin was analysed in midcycle cervical mucus obtained from 19 women using a copper intrauterine device (Cu-IUD) and 16 controls. In both groups, palmitic (16:0) acid was the predominant fatty acid and oleic (18:1) acid the second largest component. In women using a Cu-IUD, levels of myristic (14:0) acid were significantly lower, while levels of linoleic (18:2) and docosahexaenoic (22:6) acid were significantly higher than in controls. These changes in fatty acid composition could not be related to duration of IUD use and were very similar to those observed in women with primary unexplained infertility, suggesting that the Cu-IUD-induced modification of fatty acid pattern in midcycle mucus lecithin may be part of the contraceptive mechanism of action.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Serum levels of oestrogens, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone and sex-hormone-binding globulin during simultaneous vaginal administration of 17 beta-oestradiol and progesterone in the pre- and post-menopause.

Serum concentrations of 17 beta-oestradiol (E2), unconjugated oestrone (E1), total oestrone (tE1), progesterone (P), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were measured before and after daily intravaginal administration of 250 micrograms micronized E2 and 10 mg micronized P for 14 days to 12 post-menopausal and for 1 day only (during cycle days 5-8) to 11 pre-menopausal women. In the post-menopausal women the levels of all steroids increased to maximum values on day 1, 8-10 h after administration and fell thereafter. In the pre-menopausal women the steroid concentrations rose slowly to a plateau level 10-15 h after administration. Significantly higher absorption of E2 and E1 (area under the curve increments) was noted in the post-menopausal than in the pre-menopausal women. In the post-menopausal women the steroid levels measured on days 7 and 14 corresponded to those observed in the very early or late luteal phase. Area under the curve increments were usually smaller on days 7 and 14 than on day 1 and the absorption kinetics altered to a 'pre-menopausal' pattern. FSH levels were significantly reduced as from 12 h after administration on day 1 and onwards. A slight (10%) but significant increase in SHBG levels was noted on day 14. It was concluded that the combined E2 and P treatment used in this investigation brings about a physiological response with only minimal side effects on the liver as judged from changes in SHBG concentrations.

Administration, Intravaginal↗
PubMed1988

Interrelation between glucose, insulin, C-peptide and 3-hydroxybutyrate in plasma and amniotic fluid in last trimester diabetic women without residual betacell function.

The relationship between maternal plasma and amniotic fluid (AF) concentrations of glucose, insulin, C-peptide and 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB) was analysed between 45 to 140 minutes after a standardized breakfast in 8 type I diabetic women without residual betacell function and in 13 nondiabetic control women during the last trimester of gestation. AF levels of both glucose and C-peptide were slightly and AF insulin levels significantly (P less than 0.05) elevated above normal in the diabetic women. 3-HB levels in plasma and in AF were significantly (P less than 0.05) elevated in the diabetic group between 45 to 65 minutes after breakfast. AF insulin and glucose was significantly correlated in the diabetic group (r = 0.96, P less than 0.05). During the 2 hour study period AF levels of glucose, insulin and C-peptide remained essentially unchanged in both groups of women. Changes in maternal plasma 3-HB concentrations seemed to be more rapidly reflected in AF.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed1988

Is cesarean section justified for delivery of the second twin?

During the last 7-year period, the second twin was delivered by cesarean section in three of 161 twin pregnancies in our Department. The main reasons for this procedure were fetal distress caused by malpresentation or cord prolapse in 2 cases and in the third case placental separation. Cesarean section for delivery of the second twin is justified only in selected cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Interrelationship between amniotic fluid C-peptide and catecholamines in the last trimester of diabetic pregnancy.

Amniotic fluid concentration and content (amniotic fluid volume X concentration) of C-peptide and catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine) and their interrelationship was studied in nine women with gestational diabetes, in 14 women with type I diabetes, and in 20 healthy control women between the thirty-sixth and thirty-ninth week of gestation. Mean amniotic fluid volume was significantly larger (p less than 0.05) in the type I diabetic group than in the control group. Mean concentration and content of amniotic fluid C-peptide were elevated in women with gestational diabetes, significantly so in women with type I diabetes (p less than 0.05) as compared with nondiabetic control women. Mean amniotic fluid catecholamine concentrations were lower, although not statistically so, in both insulin-dependent and gestational diabetic women than in control women. Mean amniotic fluid catecholamine content was higher, although not statistically so, in women with gestational diabetes than in control women. In the type I diabetic group, epinephrine content was significantly lower (p less than 0.05) and norepinephrine content significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than in the control group. A significant positive correlation between the content of norepinephrine and C-peptide was found in control women (r = 0.57; p less than 0.05) and in women with gestational diabetes (r = 0.75; p less than 0.05). The close interrelationship could indicate a parallel maturation of these two hormonal systems.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Amniotic fluid C-peptide and cortisol in normal and diabetic pregnancies and pregnancies accompanied by fetal growth retardation.

The interrelationship between amniotic fluid (AF) concentration and content (AF X conc) of C-peptide and cortisol was studied in four groups of women comprising 10 gestational and 16 type-I diabetics, 11 women with intrauterine growth retarded fetuses (IUGR), and 17 healthy control women. Mean AF volume was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) in the type-I diabetic group than in the control group. Both concentration and content of AF C-peptide was significantly higher in the type-I diabetic group than in the control group (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01, respectively). The corresponding values were significantly lower in mothers with IUGR fetuses compared to controls (P less than 0.05). AF cortisol content was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in the gestational diabetic group compared to the control group; there were no other significant differences between the groups regarding the cortisol concentration or content. Both cortisol and C-peptide contents were significantly interrelated in both control women (r = 0.68, P less than 0.01) and women with gestational (r = 0.68, P less than 0.05) and type-I diabetes (r = 0.63, P less than 0.01). The C-peptide/cortisol ratio was lowest in the IUGR group and highest in the type-I diabetic group. The same ratio was intermediate and almost equal in the control and gestational diabetic group. Both C-peptide and cortisol concentrations were unrelated to AF volume as well as infant birthweight. C-peptide content was significantly correlated to birthweight percentile in type-I diabetic women (r = 0.61, P less than 0.05). No such correlation was found in the three other groups.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1986

Amino acid concentrations in maternal plasma and amniotic fluid in relation to fetal insulin secretion during the last trimester of pregnancy in gestational and type I diabetic women and women with small-for-gestational-age infants.

Free amino acid concentrations were determined in maternal plasma and amniotic fluid (AF) under standardized and unstressed conditions in four groups of women comprising 6 gestational and 13 type I diabetics, 10 women with small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants, and 18 healthy control women between 36 and 39 weeks of gestation. Plasma values for branched chain amino acids (the sum of leucine, isoleucine and valine) did not differ significantly between the four groups. The corresponding values in AF were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in the type I diabetic group and significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in the gestational diabetic group as compared to the control group. The mean AF C-peptide concentration was elevated but not significantly so in gestational (0.69 nmol/l) or type I diabetic (0.54 nmol/l) pregnancies and significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in women with SGA infants (0.28 nmol/l) as compared to the control group (0.38 nmol/l). There was a significant correlation between C-peptide in AF and branched chain amino acids in maternal plasma (r = 0.63; P less than 0.05) as well as to maternal blood glucose (r = 0.79; P less than 0.01) in the type I diabetic group, which merely suggests a greater beta cell reactivity to insulin secretagogues in offspring of diabetic mothers. The correlation between AF C-peptide and branched chain amino acids in maternal plasma was significantly inverse in women with SGA infants (r = -0.75; P less than 0.05). Both individual, branched chain, or total amino acid concentration in AF were unrelated to AF C-peptide.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Fibrinolytic activity in amniotic fluid during late pregnancy.

Fibrinolytic activity (FA) was assessed by the fibrin plate technique in 47 amniotic fluid samples obtained at 35 to 39 weeks' gestation. In amniotic fluid the FA (63.1 +/- 2.5 mm2) was considerably elevated when compared with previously reported serum levels of pregnant women. After centrifugation of the amniotic fluid samples a highly significant reduction of FA in the supernatant was recorded (42.9 +/- 1.3 mm2), suggesting that the cells of fetal origin are the main source of the high plasminogen activator activity demonstrated in amniotic fluid. A significant rise in amniotic fluid FA was demonstrated beyond the 37th gestational week. Furthermore, significantly greater FA was recorded in amniotic fluid samples from women with spontaneous onset of labor within a week. However, a single FA determination in amniotic fluid obtained by routine amniocentesis was found to be of little value for prediction of the time interval to delivery.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1984

Fatty acid composition of amniotic fluid lecithin and its relationship to amniotic fluid C-peptide in diabetic pregnancy.

Fatty acid composition in lecithin and C-peptide was analysed in amniotic fluid samples obtained from 28 normal and 24 insulin-treated diabetic women in the 34th to 39th week of pregnancy. The pattern of changes of fatty acid composition of amniotic fluid (AF) lecithin was essentially the same in pregnancies complicated by diabetes as in non-diabetic controls. However, at 36/37 weeks, the mean values for palmitoleic acid (16:1) were statistically higher in diabetic women (P less than 0.02), and the mean values for stearic acid (18:0) were higher for normals (P less than 0.02). The mean C-peptide value was more than twice as high (0.71 nmol/l) in the diabetic group than in the control group (P less than 0.01). The lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) and palmitic/stearic acid (P/S) ratios were equal in both groups. Neither in five diabetic patients with fetuses indicating marked hyperinsulinism (C-peptide greater than 1.0 nmol/l) nor in the remaining group of patients was there any relationship between C-peptide levels and the lecithin fatty acid composition.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Estimation of fetal weight by external abdominal measurements.

In 2108 pregnant women, external abdominal measurements were correlated to the weight of the newborn child. The product of girth and uterine height was more closely correlated to the infant weight than were any of these maternal variables alone or in other combinations, but the accuracy of this method was almost as low as of simple external palpation. For successive estimations of fetal growth the product of maternal girth and uterine height may be more adequate than either of these variables alone.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1982

Fetal beta cell function in diabetic pregnancy. Amniotic fluid concentrations of proinsulin, insulin, and C-peptide during the last trimester of pregnancy.

Proinsulin, insulin C-peptide, insulin-binding antibody, and glucose concentrations were measured in amniotic fluid samples from 43 insulin-treated diabetic patients and 17 nondiabetic control patients between the thirty-six and thirty-ninth weeks of gestation. Insulin-binding antibodies in amniotic fluid were present in only three diabetic patients, although antibodies in maternal serum were found in 22 of the diabetic subjects. In the diabetic group, maternal serum insulin-binding antibodies were statistically unrelated to levels of C-peptide in amniotic fluid. The mean amniotic fluid concentrations of proinsulin (0.07 nmole/L), insulin (0.08 nmole/L), C-peptide (1.17 nmoles/L), and glucose (2.09 mmoles/L) were markedly elevated (p less than 0.001) in diabetic patients, as compared to nondiabetic control patients, thus suggesting exaggerated fetal beta cell function. C-peptide was correlated to both insulin (r = 0.69) and proinsulin (r = 0.35) in the diabetic group only. Infant birth weight and amniotic fluid C-peptide was significantly correlated in both the control group (r = 0.54) and the diabetic group (r = 0.38). Diabetic pregnancies associated with neonatal morbidity (n = 25) had significantly higher mean amniotic fluid concentrations of both insulin and C-peptide than did pregnancies without neonatal morbidity (n = 18). The amniotic fluid values of C-peptide and insulin in these latter two subgroups were overlapping and, therefore, could not serve to predict neonatal outcome in the individual case.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Total cortisol and L/S-ratio in amniotic fluid in late pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus.

68 samples of amniotic fluid from 47 women with varying severity of diabetes mellitus and 48 samples from 43 normal women were obtained in the 31st to 40th week of pregnancy before onset of labour. The concentration of total cortisol and the L/S-ratio in amniotic flud were determined and related to gestational age. There was a continous rise of total cortisol with advancing gestational age in the diabetic pregnancies similar to that found in normal pregnancy. Diabetic pregnancies were associated with slightly lower amniotic fluid cortisol levels without significant difference to values found in normal pregnancy. The severity of the disease did not affect the cortisol levels in amniotic fluid. There was no correlation between total cortisol levels and L/S-ratios in amniotic fluid. Determination of total cortisol in amniotic fluid can thus not replace measurements of L/S-ratios to predict fetal lung maturation.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1978

Total and free cortisol in amniotic fluid during late pregnancy.

Total cortisol levels were measured in 81 samples of amniotic fluid obtained from 72 patients in the third trimester of pregnancy; 19 of them had pre-eclampsia and the remainder had no pre-eclampsia, hypertension or renal disease. In accordance with previous studies, there was a rise in the concentration of amniotic fluid cortisol with advancing gestation; the rise was steepest after 40 weeks, the amniotic fluid cortisol levels invariably being above 700 nmol/l between 41 and 43 weeks of pregnancy. Amniotic fluid cortisol may thus be of value in diagnosing postmaturity. A relatively low correlation was found between total cortisol levels and lecithin/sphingomyelin ratios in amniotic fluid unless results were ranked for gestational age. Total cortisol concentrations in amniotic fluid obtained from patients with pre-eclampsia were significantly higher than in controls. The concentration of free cortisol in amniotic fluid changed much less than total cortisol. Thus total cortisol should be measured in studies of the fetal capacity to synthesize corticosteroids.

Amniotic Fluid↗