Use of CLO test in the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection and its correlation with histologic gastritis.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
H Qureshi
Publications and source records attributed to H Qureshi.
H2 receptor antagonist or H. pylori eradication?
To assess the healing and relapse rate of duodenal ulcer (DU) treated with H2 receptor antagonists in helicobacter pylori (HP) positive vs negative cases, we analysed 95 cases of endoscopically proven duodenal ulcer. H. pylori colonization was found in 73 (77%) patients before treatment. No difference was observed in the pre-treatment characteristics between patients with HP positive and HP negative duodenal ulcers. Healing rates with H2 receptor antagonist at 8 weeks were 90% and 91% respectively (NS). No difference in HP colonization was found between patients with and without healed ulcerie, 77% and 78% respectively. Relapse rate within 1 year was 50% in patients with HP positive vs 73% with HP negative cases. We conclude that duodenal ulcer healing and relapse rate is related to acid inhibition rather than HP colonization.
Adult↗
Gastric ulcer in Karachi.
Of 138 endoscopically or surgically confirmed cases of gastric ulcer, 102 (74%) were males and 36 (26%) females. Both sexes were affected most commonly in the 6th decade of life. Pain, vomiting and gastrointestinal bleeding were the major presenting symptoms, with a median duration of 6 months. Cigarette smoking was the most common (44%) addiction and 10% were on analgesics or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). Family history of ulcer was uncommon (2%) and no predilection for any blood group was noted. Among males 53% were skilled workers while 94% of females were housewives. Forty five percent patients were migrants from India and the rest belonged to different provinces of Pakistan. Presentation and behaviour of different sites of gastric ulcers though varied but the results were not significant. Healing rates with H2 receptor antagonists were 33% at 4 weeks and 78% at 8 weeks.
Adolescent↗
Portal vein thrombosis following sclerotherapy.
We present the case of a woman with idiopathic portal hypertension who underwent sclerotherapy for bleeding esophageal varices. She had a rebleed 27 months after complete eradication of esophageal varices. Endoscopy showed bleeding gastric varices. Ultrasonography, and later splenoportography, revealed a large thrombus in the right branch of the portal vein causing gross dilation of the portal and splenic vein. A proximal splenorenal shunt was done to decompress the portal system and hence gastric varices. Repeat endoscopy 4 weeks after surgery revealed complete disappearance of the gastric varices, while ultrasonography at 38 weeks showed marked decompression of the portal system with complete disappearance of the thrombus from the right branch of the portal vein. No new thrombus formation was seen.
Adult↗
Oesophageal carcinoma in Karachi.
Between January, 1979 to August, 1990, 107 histologically proven cases of oesophageal carcinoma were seen. The ages of the patients ranged from 19-85 years (mean 55 +/- 14 years) with a male to female ratio of 1.2:1. Majority (70%) of the cases belonged to lower socioeconomic group and 56% were migrants from India. History of tobacco chewing or smoking was present in 78% cases. In 54%, the lesion was located in the middle third of the oesophagus, followed by lower third in 44%. Histology showed squamous cell carcinoma in 86% and adenocarcinoma in 10% cases. Of the 19 cases followed, 16 underwent surgery and 3 received chemotherapy. Two cases died within 7 months following surgery and in 6 carcinomas recurred. All cases receiving chemotherapy died within 8 months of treatment.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Misoprostol in the treatment of NSAID-induced gastroduodenal lesions.
The cytoprotective effect of misoprostol co-administered with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was assessed in a double blind, placebo controlled study. Thirty-seven patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving NSAIDs, having upper gastrointestinal symptoms and endoscopically confirmed gastric and/or duodenal lesions, were randomised to receive either misoprostol 200 micrograms or placebo tablets twice daily for 4 weeks. Of 31 evaluable cases, 13 of 16 (81%) patients receiving misoprostol showed endoscopic improvement as compared to 10 of 15 (67%) receiving placebo (P:NS). A significant decrease in mean (+/- SEM) mucosal lesion score was observed with misoprostol (from 3.38 +/- 0.32 to 1.32 +/- 0.44; P less than 0.001) but no change was seen with placebo (from 2.80 +/- 0.42 to 1.60 +/- 0.53; P:NS). Symptomatic relief was similar in both groups, being 44% and 40% respectively. Two patients complained of diarrhea in each group and one developed menorrhagia with misoprostol. It is concluded that though misoprostol decreased the number of NSAID-induced mucosal lesions, it was unable to relieve gastrointestinal symptoms.
Adult↗
Is the vagotomy complete?
Incomplete vagotomy is the single most common cause of ulcer recurrence. Completeness of vagotomy was assessed postoperatively in 17 patients using the congo red test. Various types of vagotomies included truncal vagotomy and gastrojejenostomy in 6, highly selective vagotomy in 5, truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty in 3 and selective vagotomy with gastrojejenostomy in 3 cases. Congo red test was positive in 13 cases, with 9 of these showing evidence of incomplete vagotomy manifesting as erosions, duodenitis, stomal ulceration or ulcer recurrence.
Adolescent↗
Oesophageal changes in oral submucous fibrosis using fibreoptic endoscopy--a pilot study.
Thirty patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) underwent fibreoptic upper G.I. endoscopy and oesophageal biopsy from 20 cms to see if any correlation is found between visual and histological changes in OSMF and oesophageal mucosa. On endoscopy, the colour of oesophageal mucosa was normal in 28 and whitish pale in 2 cases. On endoscopy mucosa felt stiff and fibrotic in 19, leathery in 4, firm/gritty in 2 and normal in 5 cases. The biopsies were difficult to take in most cases yielding small tissue samples on repeated attempts. On histology most of the samples consisted of only a few layers of hyperplastic epithelium with lamina propria and submucosa being absent in all samples. Good correlation was found between the grade of OSMF and oesophageal changes seen on endoscopy.
Adolescent↗
Giardia lamblia in patients undergoing upper G.I. endoscopy.
To determine the frequency of giardiasis in patients undergoing upper G.I. endoscopy for dyspepsia and other upper G.I. disorders, duodenal aspirates were collected in 200 patients and simultaneous duodenal biopsies in 163 patients. Nine percent aspirates and 1.8% duodenal biopsies showed Giardia lamblia trophozoites. Giardia as a cause of dyspepsia should be considered in patients with negative endoscopy and in those who remain symptomatic inspite of adequate treatment for known upper G.I. disorders.
Adolescent↗
Can diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori be rapid and yet sensitive?
Diagnostic accuracy of 5 tests viz., endoscopy, rapid urease, 24 hours urease, culture and histology, were evaluated in the detection of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in 50 patients undergoing upper G.I. endoscopy. Endoscopic evidence of gastritis to predict H. pylori infection was 50% specific and 46% sensitive. Rapid and 24 hours urease test and culture were 100% specific when compared with histology and their sensitivity was 71%, 62% and 21% respectively. Of the three 100% specific tests, rapid urease test yields results within 15 minutes; therefore this test being easy, rapid and sensitive should be used for screening of H. pylori infection; followed by histology for further confirmation.
Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal↗
Differentiation of cirrhotic Vs idiopathic portal hypertension using 99mTc-Sn colloid dynamic and static scintigraphy.
Thirty-seven cases of portal hypertension with endoscopically proven oesophageal varices underwent liver biopsy to determine the etiology of portal hypertension. Of the total, 19 had cirrhosis and 18 idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH). Later all these patients underwent Tc99mSn colloid, static and dynamic scintigraphy of the liver and spleen. Ratios of the area and of the integral and slope of the integral for liver and spleen were calculated to see if any of these ratios can differentiate cirrhotics from IPH. Significant difference (P less than 0.001) was noted in the ratio of the area (L/S) in both patients and controls, but the ratios of the integral and the slope of the integral were not only significantly different (P less than 0.001) in the patients and controls but also in the two groups of patients (cirrhosis and IPH). The sensitivity of this test when compared with the histology was 58% for both cirrhosis and IPH but when compared with clinical diagnosis it was 76% for cirrhosis and 62% for idiopathic group. Therefore by adding the above mentioned test in the routine study of liver scintigraphy in patients with portal hypertension, further differentiation of cirrhotic group can be done from the idiopathic group.
Adolescent↗
Transhiatal oesophagectomy for carcinoma oesophagus. Early experience.
Over a period of eighteen months, (June, 89 to Dec, 90) 19 patients underwent Transhiatal Oesophagectomy for carcinoma. Thirteen were males and 6 females, age varying from 32 to 80 years with an average of 48.6 years. Dysphagia was present in all patients, the duration varied from 1.5 to 6 months, average 3.5 months. Pre-operative endoscopy and biopsy was done in all cases. Lesion was located in upper thoracic oesophagus in 6, middle 9 and lower 4. Histology revealed squamous cell carcinoma in 18 and adenocarcinoma in one. Transhiatal oesophagectomy without thoracotomy and cervical oesophagogastric anastomosis was carried out. The stomach was placed in the posterior mediastinum in 13 and retrosternal in 6 cases. Liver metastasis were present in 3, palpably enlarged nodes in 7 and the tumor was adherent to tissues in the mediastinum in 6 cases. Four patients died in hospital, 2 due to myocardial infarction, one due to massive haemetemesis, and the cause of death could not be established in one. Satisfactory relief of dysphagia was achieved in all cases. Oesophagectomy without thoracotomy is safe and better tolerated than the traditional trans-thoracic operations. The experience of one surgical unit is presented.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Efficacy of oral propranolol and injection sclerotherapy in the long-term management of variceal bleeding.
Three treatment regimens were tried in 145 portal hypertensives with bleeding oesophageal varices to test the efficacy of each regimen in the prevention of rebleeding. Forty-seven cases received oral propranolol, 57 sclerotherapy, while 41 who did not receive any treatment except conservative management served as controls. Patients were followed up at 6 weeks, 6 months, 1 and 2 years to see the frequency of bleeding with each regimen. No significant difference was seen at 6 weeks with either of the three regimens but at 6 months and 1 year the frequency of bleeding was significantly less (p less than 0.05) in the propranolol group than in the other two groups while at 2 years results were significantly better with both propranolol (p less than 0.05) and sclerotherapy (p less than 0.001) than in controls. Efficacy of propranolol when compared with sclerotherapy showed similar results. The results of the present study are different from most of the western reports where sclerotherapy was found to be superior to propranolol. Variations in the results are likely to be due to differences in the etiology of portal hypertension in different countries.
Administration, Oral↗
Diagnosis of brain death and donor management.
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Brain Death↗
Site of duodenal ulcer and its influence on the mode of presentation and prognosis.
Two hundred and forty-five endoscopically proven or surgically treated duodenal ulcers were retrospectively evaluated to see if the site of ulcer has any influence on the clinical presentation, and healing and relapse rates. Anterior wall ulcer was present in 42%, posterior wall in 33%, lesser curve side of the cap in 12% and greater curve side in 13% cases. Ulcer site showed no correlation to age, sex, duration of illness, analgesic intake or smoking habits. Bleeding (116 cases) and perforation (15 cases) were the major complications encountered; of these perforation was invariably found on the anterior wall, while bleeding was more frequent in ulcers present on the lesser curve side of the cap. Better healing and high relapse rates were seen in ulcers situated on the greater curve, and low healing and relapse rates in lesser curve duodenal ulcers.
Adult↗
Association of Helicobacter pylori with acid peptic disease in Karachi.
The prevalence of H. pylori infection in 200 dyspeptic patients undergoing upper G.I. endoscopy was investigated by histology and rapid urease test. H. pylori was associated with 86% cases of chronic gastritis, 84.6% cases of duodenal ulcers and 78.5% of gastric ulcers. None of the 15 histologically normal gastric biopsies showed H. pylori.
Adolescent↗
Pattern of duodenal ulcer in Karachi.
Seven hundred and twenty cases of endoscopically proven peptic ulcer were seen at PMRC Research Centre, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, during the last 13 years (June 1976-June 1989). Duodenal to gastric ulcer ratio was 5:1. Duodenal ulcer was predominantly seen between 3rd and 5th decade of life, with a male to female ratio of 5. 7:1. Seventy five percent cases were skilled persons. Places of origin showed 50% to be migrants; mostly from India while the rest belonged to various provinces of Pakistan. Sixty percent patients were smokers/tobacco chewers and 3% were simultaneously taking alcohol. History of NSAID intake was present in 5% cases only. Majority (85%) of the patients presented with pain, 42% had upper G.I. bleeding, 11% perforation and 1% pyloric stenosis.
Adult↗