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Biomedical subjects

H R Gujer

Publications and source records attributed to H R Gujer.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Left and right ventricular dysplasia and Uhl's anomaly. A case report.

Myocardial dysplasia involves a quasi-complete or localized absence of myocardial fibers in the right or left ventricle, with corresponding partial or complete filling by fibroadipose tissue. This disorder, in its full form called "Uhl's anomaly", was first described in 1952 as an anomaly of the heart conferring a parchment-like appearance to its walls. Incomplete forms of the disorder fall into the category of right or left arrhythmogenic ventricular dysplasia. Although approximately 50 cases of right ventricular dysplasia have been documented, only two reports concern left ventricular dysplasia. Having encountered the latter anomaly, we first present the case and our observations, and then review the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical aspects, and evolution of this disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Isérables: a Bedouin village in Switzerland?

Isérables is an alpine village--about 1000 inhabitants--which remained isolated till these recent years because of its particular geographical situation. The Isérables inhabitants call themselves "Bedjuis" (Bedouin in local dialect) and regard themselves as descendants of the Sarrazins who invaded the Alps during the VIII-X centuries. Our goal, in studying several DNA-VNTR polymorphims, in addition to some blood groups, within the Isérables community, was to see if there was any evidence supporting this popular belief. As a preliminary phase of this project, the allelic frequencies for six VNTR loci analysed for 102 individuals of the village (all descendants of nine original families) are presented. The results are compared with those reported for Swiss and white populations.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Alcohol intoxication at the wheel in the Waadt canton (Switzerland).A comparative study of penal and administrative measures 1970 and 1989 in the canton capital city (Lausanne) and a rural area].

The canton of Vaud is one of the major wine-growing areas of Switzerland. The driving ban rate for drunk driving is the highest in the country. This is the result of the very important rise in the number of drivers intercepted by the police for drunk driving (accidentless cases), in the course of the last ten years (+260%). In order to find out what penal and administrative measures were taken against drunk drivers (those who did not commit an accident), a comparative retrospective study of the offenses committed in the area of Lausanne and in rural area of the canton of Vaud (La Broye) was undertaken. This study deals with the years of 1970 and 1989. In a parallel, the average blood alcohol concentration (BAC) value, relative distribution of the BAC (frequency profile), and the concordance between the doctor's medical examination and the suspect's BAC were studied. Our results demonstrate that only the urban area (Lausanne) showed a significant increase in the drunk-driving offenses without accident, resulting in a significant decrease in the average BAC value as well as a veering towards the left of the BAC frequency profile curve. The legal sanctions and the administrative measures diverge according to the different areas, the most striking fact is the lowering of the average term of imprisonment for second-time or multiple offenders in the study group of Lausanne. The results of the clinical examination undertaken by the doctor at the moment of the blood test have shown that there is often a difference between the clinical evaluation and the actual BAC: for a BAC of 2 to 3/1000, the objective clinical symptoms of drunkenness (Romberg, unstable gait, coordination troubles) are noticed in only half of the cases. As a result, the assessment is no longer based on objective criteria but on subjective criteria as well as on the life-style of a certain period. In conclusion it is our belief that the efforts made by the vaudois police (especially in urban areas) should be pursued further, since positive results are apparent. The Judiciary system should however rebalance the sanctions delivered to drunk-drivers, showing greater severity towards second-time or multiple offenders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Detrimental effect of alcohol intoxication on severity of injuries in male traffic accident victims: a cross-sectional study.

A cross-sectional emergency room study was performed among traffic accident victims aged 16 to 75 years in order to investigate the prevalence of alcohol intoxication (blood alcohol concentration (BAC greater than or equal to 0.8 g/kg) and its potential detrimental effect on injury severity. A BAC greater than or equal to 0.8 g/kg was present in 29% of the male patients. Intoxicated patients had a similar propensity to require inpatient hospital care (65 versus 60%) but had significantly longer hospital stays than the non-intoxicated patients (36 versus 20 days; p less than 0.05), observations which may be explained by the higher prevalence of serious injuries (head and internal injuries) among the intoxicated cohort. This study supports and emphasizes the detrimental effect of alcohol intoxication on the severity of injuries in traffic accident victims, and reinforces the need for further legal and public health measures in preventing alcohol-related traffic accidents.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1992

Chemiluminescent DNA probes: evaluation and usefulness in forensic cases.

Five phosphatase-labelled oligonucleotide probes were evaluated in respect to their sensitivity, with the help of an optimized chemiluminescent protocol, for DNA-VNTR polymorphism determination. Their usefulness for the identification of biological traces is illustrated with casework examples.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1990

Characteristics of 167 consecutive traffic accident victims with special reference to alcohol intoxication: a prospective emergency room study.

This prospective study examined the characteristics of 167 consecutive traffic accident victims admitted to the emergency room of a major Swiss hospital with particular attention to the presence of a detectable blood alcohol concentration (BAC). The majority of the study population were male (71%), 16-29 years of age (56%) and occupants of an automobile or motorcycle (70%). Most patients were injured during the daytime, with nighttime accidents increasing towards the end of the week. Seventy-five percent of the injured were drivers of the crash vehicle and the majority (56%) were involved in multi-vehicle accidents. Fifty-three percent of all injuries consisted of internal lesions and/or fractures with motorcyclists and pedestrians being the most severely injured. There was a 21% incidence of alcohol intoxication (BAC greater than = 0.8 g/kg); 97% of intoxicated patients were male, of which 38% were 16-29 years of age. There was a distinct age-related alcohol intoxication pattern among males, with an intoxication rate of 20% in the 16-29 age range and 40% in the 30-75 age range. Alcohol-related accidents occurred predominantly in the nighttime and towards the end of the week, and victims of single-vehicle crashes were more likely to be intoxicated (28%) than those injured in multi-vehicle crashes (17%). Moped drivers exhibited the highest rate of intoxication (45%) followed by pedestrians (42%). Our study confirms the high prevalence of acute alcohol intoxication among traffic accident victims in Switzerland, a fact which needs to be considered by the treating medical care providers for the early detection and referral of alcohol-related problems, and which should be limited by effective preventive measures.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1990

An unusual case of sudden death in an alcohol addict.

The sudden and unexpected death of a 40-year-old female alcohol addict is described. At the autopsy recent rib fractures were found. The extremity of one fractured rib had caused a massive haemorrhage by erosion of a coronary artery.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1989

Simultaneous phenotyping of erythrocyte acid phosphatase and esterase D by nonequilibrium agarose isoelectric focusing.

Nonequilibrium agarose isoelectric focusing in a pH 4.5-7 gradient with 3-(N-morpholinopropanesulfonic acid (MOPS) and taurine as chemical separators presents a fast, easy and reliable method for the simultaneous determination of the common erythrocyte acid phosphatase and esterase D phenotypes in hemolysates and dried bloodstains. The application of the method to experimental and casework bloodstains is described.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1986

Gm(1,2,4,10,21) and Km(1) factors in vitreous humor.

The presence of Gm(1,2,4,10,21) and Km(1) factors in vitreous humor taken from human corpses was investigated. The results revealed a good agreement between the factors detected in this biological material and in blood. Their presence in vitreous humor is independent of the secretor type.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Gene frequencies of plasminogen in Switzerland.

Plasminogen (PLG) polymorphism was studied by agarose gel electrophoresis and immunofixation in 308 unrelated individuals from Switzerland. The gene frequencies observed were: PLG 1 = 0.69, PLG 2 = 0.28, and rare alleles = 0.03.

Gene Frequency↗
PubMed1983

Experimental evaluation of rigor mortis. VI. Effect of various causes of death on the evolution of rigor mortis.

The evolution of rigor mortis was studied in cases of nitrogen asphyxia, drowning and strangulation, as well as in fatal intoxications due to strychnine, carbon monoxide and curariform drugs, using a modified method of measurement. Our experiments demonstrated that: (1) Strychnine intoxication hastens the onset and passing of rigor mortis. (2) CO intoxication delays the resolution of rigor mortis. (3) The intensity of rigor may vary depending upon the cause of death. (4) If the stage of rigidity is to be used to estimate the time of death, it is necessary: (a) to perform a succession of objective measurements of rigor mortis intensity; and (b) to verify the eventual presence of factors that could play a role in the modification of its development.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1982

[Accidental carbon monoxide poisoning caused by incomplete combustion of liquid gases].

Amongst mortal accidents by carbon monoxide intoxication, an incomplete combustion of liquid gas consists a frequent CO-source. In Switzerland, during the last two years, at least seventeen persons died from such intoxications. Non conform installation of gas apparatus, for example the placing of a five-liter boiler without evacuation pipes in a small room, lack of fresh air conduction, or deficient installation of the apparatus, are the principal causes. Even professionals are not sufficiently aware of the danger of this kind of apparatus. Since a carbon monoxide intoxication is difficult to diagnose, it should be thought of at once if a CO-source is present. Information of the public on one hand, technical measures on the other hand could help avoiding such accidents.

Accidents, Home↗