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Biomedical subjects

H Raafat

Publications and source records attributed to H Raafat.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1984

Clinical trial of microcrystalline hydroxyapatite compound ('Ossopan') in the prevention of osteoporosis due to corticosteroid therapy.

A controlled clinical trial was carried out in 40 patients at risk of osteoporosis because of long-term treatment with prednisolone (5 to 20 mg/day) to determine the efficacy and tolerance of microcrystalline hydroxyapatite compound (MCHC) when used to prevent the appearance or progression of osteoporosis: 32 patients were treated with 6 to 8 g MCHC for 12 months and 8 served as an untreated control group. The two groups were well matched as regards age, sex and underlying disease; 37 patients (29 MCHC, 8 control) successfully completed the trial. The majority (68%) of the patients had back pain prior to the trial, the severity of which was graded at 3-monthly intervals. In the MCHC-treated group, there was a dramatic and significant (p less than 0.001) reduction in pain during the trial, almost to the point of its disappearance. Of 19 patients with initial back pain only 2 still reported any pain at all after 12-months' MCHC treatment. In the control group, back pain severity increased during the trial in 3 patients and was unchanged in the fourth. Neither MCHC-treated nor control group patients showed any significant change in standing or stem height during the 12-months' trial period. Both mean cortical thickness and mean metacarpal index figures showed small, insignificant decreases during 12-months' MCHC treatment but much more marked decreases in the control group which, despite the small number of patients, came close to being statistically significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Cefuroxime and ampicillin compared in a double-blind study in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections.

Cefuroxime and ampicillin were compared in a randomized double-blind trial in the treatment of severe lower respiratory tract infections. 750 mg of cefuroxime were given to 57 patients and 500 mg of ampicillin to 54 patients by intramuscular injection three times daily for 7-10 days. The patients had acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis with or without pneumonia, a few had bronchiectasis and an underlying bronchial carcinoma was present in nearly a quarter. By the end of treatment the sputum, initially always mucopurulent, had become mucoid in 87.7% of patients receiving cefuroxime in comparison to 48.1% of those receiving ampicillin. A satisfactory clinical response was observed in 94.7 and 68.5%, respectively. Both these differences between cefuroxime and ampicillin are statistically significant (p less than 0.001).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

An evaluation of parenteral mecillinam in a chest hospital.

The efficacy of parenteral mecillinam was evaluated in 105 elderly patients with lower respiratory tract infections or urinary tract infections. Another antibiotic, usually amoxycillin, was given concurrently in cases of respiratory infection. An adequate response was note in 86% of chest infections and in all of the urinary tract infections assessed. Mecillinam proved to have a low toxicity profile and intramuscular injections were very well tolerated.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Experience with cefuroxime in 190 patients with severe respiratory infections.

Cefuroxime is a very effective agent for the treatment of severe purulent respiratory infections. 190 patients with purulent exacerbations of bronchitis or bronchiectasis, pneumonia or secondarily infected lung cancer received 2.25--3.0 g cefuroxime daily for an average of 9 days. A good clinical response was seen in 91% of 184 assessable patients. A remarkable improvement in sputum purulence was observed and side-effects to cefuroxime were minimal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Cefuroxime in severe respiratory infections: a double-blind comparison of two doses.

Cefuroxime, a new cephalosporin, was given in doses of 750 mg and 1000 mg three times daily for 10 days to 99 patients in a double-blind comparison. Patients were moderately or severely ill with exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, often accompanied by pneumonia. Both doses were equally efficacious in improving the clinical state and sputum purulence and in maintaining the improvement.

Bronchiectasis↗
PubMed1977

Pivmecillinam and amoxycillin as combined treatment in purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.

One hundred and thirty-two patients with purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis were randomly allotted to treatment in three groups. They received (a) amoxycillin 250 mg and pivmecillinam 200 mg; or (b) amoxycillin 500 mg; or (c) amoxycillin 500 mg and pivmecillinam 400 mg: three times daily for 10 days. By the 7th day of treatment there was significant improvement over amoxycillin alone for both groups given combined chemotherapy in conversion of sputum to mucoid and in general improvement; at the end of treatment results in patients given the higher doses of both antibiotics were still superior to amoxycillin alone. Patients were observed 2 to 4 weeks later, when those given amoxycillin alone relapsed much more frequently. The three treatments were well tolerated and succeeded equally in clearing potential pathogens from the sputum. Combined treatment may be superior due to synergy against Haemophilus influenzae or to the elimination of beta-lactamase producing organisms and should be investigated further.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Amoxycillin and co-trimoxazole in acute purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.

100 hospital patients suffered from acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. 50 were treated with amoxycillin in a dose of 500 mg, three times a day for 10 days and the results compared with 50 patients treated with co-trimoxazole in a dose up to 480 mg trimethoprim and 2,400 mg of sulphamethoxazole daily in males, and two thirds of this dose in females. The trial was single-blind. During the acute phase of infection, both treatments were equally effective in clinical improvement, conversion of the sputum from purulent to mucoid, diminution of quantity and elimination of pathogenic bacteria. Amoxycillin was quicker in sputum conversion and gave less side effects, but the differences were not significant. During the 2-4 weeks following treatment, only a third of the patients who had received co-trimoxazole remained well and free from purulent relapse, as opposed to 72% who had received amoxycillin, a difference significant at the 2% level.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Cephazolin in severe purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Preliminary study.

Cephazolin has certain advantages over other systemic cephalosporins. It was given in a dose of 2-3 g daily for 7 days in 40 patients with severe purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, 11 with purulent bronchiectasis and 24 with secondarily infected bronchial carcinoma. Most had failed to respond to high doses of other antibiotics. Results were very good and toxicity minimal.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Amoxycillin and co-trimoxazole in acute purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.

100 hospital patients suffered from acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. 50 were treated with amoxycillin in a dose of 500 mg, three times a day for 10 days and the results compared with 50 patients treated with co-trimoxazole in a dose up to 480 mg trimethoprim and 2,400 mg of sulphamethoxazole daily in males, and two thirds of this dose in females. The trial was single-blind. During the acute phase of infection, both treatments were equally effective in clinical improvement, conversion of the sputum from purulent to mucoid, diminution of quantity and elimination of pathogenic bacteria. Amoxycillin was quicker in sputum conversion and gave less side effects, but the differences were not significant. During the 2-4 weeks following treatment, only a third of the patients who had received co-trimoxazole remained well and free from purulent relapse, as opposed to 72% who had received amoxycillin, a difference significant at the 2% level.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1976

A clinical trial of temazepam, a sleep inducer, in hospital patients.

Temazepam, a common metabolite of diazepam and oxazepam, was evaluated as a sleep inducer. A dose of 20 mg, in a Scherer capsule formulation, was compared with 200 mg of amylobarbitone sodium in a between-patients, randomized study. Patient and staff assessments were used. No statistically significant difference as to onset of sleep, duration or quality of sleep or morning drowsiness was found using the patients' assessments. The staff recorded significantly less daytime dozing and morning hangover in patients receiving temazepam. Side-effects were mild and confined mainly to drowsiness on awakening. Two patients, both on amylobarbitone sodium, withdrew from the study because of increasing confusion.

Aged↗