Biomedical subjects

H Rana

Publications and source records attributed to H Rana.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1997

ICS-II USA research locations: environmental, dental care delivery system, and population sociodemographic characteristics.

Secondary data sources are used to describe the ICS-II USA research locations in terms of external environment, dental care delivery system, and population sociodemographics. The Native American reservations located in Arizona, New Mexico, and South Dakota were rural, while the other research locations were primarily urban. Baltimore, Maryland, and the Native American communities had fluoridated water, but San Antonio did not. Dental services in Baltimore and San Antonio were predominantly financed by private sources, with a small public health component. Dental care services in Native American communities were largely Indian Health Services (IHS) financed by the US Government. Each geographical area exhibited diverse characteristics indicating unique challenges for the delivery of community and clinical dental services.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

ICS-II USA research design and methodology.

The purpose of the WHO-sponsored International Collaborative Study of Oral Health Outcomes (ICS-II) was to provide policy-markers and researchers with detailed, reliable, and valid data on the oral health situation in their countries or regions, together with comparative data from other dental care delivery systems. ICS-II used a cross-sectional design with no explicit control groups or experimental interventions. A standardized methodology was developed and tested for collecting and analyzing epidemiological, sociocultural, economic, and delivery system data. Respondent information was obtained by household interviews, and clinical examinations were conducted by calibrated oral epidemiologists. Discussed are the sampling design characteristics for the USA research locations, response rates, samples size for interview and oral examination data, weighting procedures, and statistical methods. SUDAAN was used to adjust variance calculations, since complex sampling designs were used.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Consumer satisfaction.

Patient satisfaction with dental care is compared across six United States groups: Whites in Baltimore and San Antonio, African-Americans in Baltimore, Hispanics in San Antonio, and Native Americans in the Southwest and the Dakotas. First, differences in patient satisfaction across ethnic groups and between two age groups (65-74 years old and 35-44 years old) are considered. Generally, people from all age and ethnic groups were satisfied with the last dental visit. Second, patient satisfaction is conceptualized as an oral health outcome influenced by characteristics of the dental service utilizer: predisposing sociodemographic characteristics, predisposing oral beliefs, enabling characteristics, oral needs, oral health behaviors, and oral health status. Multivariate analyses by age and ethnic group are used to identify characteristics that influence patient satisfaction. Sociodemographic characteristics were important among the elderly. Strong oral health beliefs influenced patient satisfaction among younger adults. Enabling characteristics were important predictors among the Native American groups. This model explained 15%-30% of the variability in patient satisfaction among the study age and ethnic groups.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Indicators of oral health in diverse ethnic and age groups: findings from the International Collaborative Study of Oral Health Outcomes (ICS-II) USA research locations.

Racial-ethnic group differences are assessed using a standardized set of oral health indicators, as well as various predisposing, enabling and need characteristics collected in the International Collaborative Study of Oral Health Outcomes (ICS-II) USA research locations. The unique data set contains comparable data on African-American, Native American, Hispanic, primarily Mexican-American, and White adults. Age group differences in oral health indicators are also compared in two adult age cohorts (35-44 and 65-74 years). Since data were collected from geographically diverse regions of the United States, differences in oral health indicators are considered within the context of different dental care delivery systems and external environments. Results indicate that the gap in oral health between Whites and ethnic minority groups is pervasive across research locations and age cohorts. Variation in regional dental care delivery systems and the varying effects of race-ethnicity and age cohort suggest that alternative health promotion strategies will be needed for improving oral health in diverse populations.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Urinary kallikrein excretion in healthy young infants.

Nineteen healthy hospitalized children aged between 3 weeks and 10 years and 20 others aged between one month and 16 years have been investigated for their excretion rate of active and total urinary kallikrein. Twelve hour urine samples were obtained between 7 p.m. and 7 a.m. and blood was drawn at the end of the urine collection period. Urinary kallikrein activity was measured by a synthetic substrate and a direct RIA and urinary sodium excretion, urine volume and plasma renin activity (PRA) were determined. Urinary kallikrein activity was found to be between 0 and 6 micrograms/24h and constituted approximately 10-20% of total kallikrein. When urinary kallikrein excretion rate was correlated with the sodium excretion rate the relationship was found to be positive and significant as was the correlation found between urine volume and urinary kallikrein excretion rate. No correlation could be found between PRA and urinary kallikrein excretion. Although a tendency of higher total kallikrein excretion was seen in older children, the amount excreted from all children per kilogram body weight was constant at 0.8 microgram/kg.

Child↗

PubMed1986

Urinary kallikrein excretion during inhibition of endogenous angiotensin II in the pig.

This study was performed to assess the possible contribution of endogenous angiotensin II (AII) to the regulation of urinary kallikrein excretion. The AII antagonist saralasin or the saline vehicle was infused into the aorta above the renal arteries of pigs under halothane-O2/N2O anaesthesia. Systemic and renal functional parameters were followed for 140 min and during stimulation of the reninangiotensin system by haemorrhage. Urinary kallikrein excretion, determined as kininogenase activity, was increased immediately upon both initiation and termination of the 2 h saralasin infusion into pigs not subjected to haemorrhage. Renal cortical blood flow (RCBF) was maintained, in both saline and saralasin-treated animals at blood pressures as low as 70 mm Hg, while glomerular filtration rate was dissociated during saralasin infusion. As long as RCBF was maintained, urinary kallikrein excretion rate was elevated during the progressive hypotension in both saline and saralasin-treated animals. These findings confirm a close relationship between the maintenance of RCBF and increased activity of the kallikrein-kinin system whether or not AII is antagonized, and indicate that during haemorrhage the kallikrein-kinin system is stimulated by a mechanism not involving AII.

Angiotensin II↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of the protease inhibitor aprotinin on renal hemodynamics in the pig.

Aprotinin, the serine protease inhibitor that also inhibits glandular (urinary) kallikrein, or vehicle was infused into the aorta above the renal arteries of anesthetized pigs. Renal hemodynamic and functional parameters were followed over time and during hemorrhagic hypotension. Both renal cortical blood flow and glomerular filtration rate were maintained in vehicle-treated animals at mean arterial pressures as low as 70 mm Hg. As long as renal cortical blood flow and glomerular filtration rate were maintained during the progressive hypotension, urinary excretion rate of kallikrein (as defined by kinin-generating activity) was increased. In contrast, all aprotinin-treated animals had a decreased excretion rate, and the renal cortical blood flow declined with the mean arterial pressure during hemorrhage. The pattern of glomerular filtration rate and plasma renin activity was comparable in both aprotinin-treated and vehicle-treated hemorrhaged animals. Our findings suggest that the endogenous renal kallikrein-kinin system is required for functional renal vasodilatation to maintain renal cortical blood flow during hemorrhage and is therefore directly or indirectly responsible for adjustment of preglomerular resistance.

Analysis of Variance↗