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H Rehm

Publications and source records attributed to H Rehm.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Purification and subunit structure of a putative K+-channel protein identified by its binding properties for dendrotoxin I.

The binding protein for the K+-channel toxin dendrotoxin I was purified from a detergent extract of rat brain membranes. The purification procedure utilized chromatography on DEAE-Trisacryl, affinity chromatography on a dendrotoxin-I-Aca 22 column, and wheat germ agglutinin-Affigel 10 with a final 3800- to 4600-fold enrichment and a recovery of 8-16%. The high affinity (Kd, 40-100 pM) and specificity of the binding site are retained throughout the purification procedure. Analysis of the purified material on silver-stained NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel revealed three bands of Mr 76,000-80,000, 38,000, and 35,000. Interestingly, the binding site for 125I-labeled mast cell degranulating peptide, another putative K+-channel ligand from bee venom, which induces long-term potentiation in hippocampus, seems to reside on the same protein complex, as both binding sites copurify through the entire purification protocol.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Synaptophysin: molecular organization and mRNA expression as determined from cloned cDNA.

Synaptophysin is a major glycoprotein of Mr approximately 38,000 (in deglycosylated form: Mr approximately 34,000) characteristic of a certain class of small (30-80 nm diameter) neurosecretory vesicles, including presynaptic vesicles, but also vesicles of various neuroendocrine cells of both neuronal and epithelial phenotype. Using synaptophysin-specific antibodies we have isolated cDNA clones from rat nervous tissue libraries, which identify an approximately 2.5-kb mRNA in rat and human cells, including neuroendocrine tumours, that contains a reading frame for a polypeptide of 307 amino acids with a total mol. wt of 33 312. The deduced amino acid sequence, which was partly confirmed by comparison with sequences of two tryptic peptides obtained from purified synaptophysin, revealed four hydrophobic regions of 24 amino acids each, which are characterized, according to conformation prediction analyses, by marked alpha-helicity. The sequence shows a single potential N-glycosylation site, which is assigned to the vesicle interior, and a carboxy-terminal tail of 89 amino acids which contains glycine-rich tetrapeptide repeats, the epitope of monoclonal antibody SY38, and a number of collagenase-sensitive sites accessible on the surface of the intact vesicles. These features suggest that the polypeptide spans the vesicle membrane four times, with both N and C termini located on the outer, i.e. cytoplasmic, surface of the vesicles.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Molecular characterization of synaptophysin, a major calcium-binding protein of the synaptic vesicle membrane.

Synaptophysin, a mol. wt 38 000 glycopolypeptide of the synaptic vesicle membrane, was solubilized using Triton X-100 and purified by immunoaffinity or ion-exchange chromatography. From gel permeation and sucrose-density centrifugation in H2O/D2O, a Stokes radius of 7.3 nm, a partial specific volume of 0.830 and a total mol. wt of 119 000 were calculated for the native protein. Cross-linking of synaptic vesicles with glutaraldehyde, dimethylsuberimidate, or Cu2+ -o-phenantroline, resulted in the formation of a mol. wt 76 kd dimer of synaptophysin. Crosslinking of the purified protein in addition produced tri- and tetrameric adducts of the polypeptide. Native synaptophysin thus is a homooligomeric protein. Synaptophysin is N-glycosylated, since cultivation of the rat phaeochromocytoma cell line PC12 in the presence of tunicamycin reduced its mol. wt by about 6 kd. Upon transfer to nitrocellulose and incubation with 45Ca2+, synaptophysin behaved as one of the major calcium-binding proteins of the synaptic vesicle membrane. Pronase treatment of intact synaptic vesicles abolished this 45Ca2+ binding indicating that the Ca2+ binding site of synaptophysin must reside on a cytoplasmic domain of the transmembrane polypeptide. Based on these data, we propose that synaptophysin may play an important role in Ca2+-dependent neurotransmitter release.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Expression of synaptophysin during postnatal development of the mouse brain.

The expression of the synaptic vesicle membrane protein, synaptophysin, was analyzed during postnatal development of the mouse cerebrum using a quantitative immunoblotting procedure. From birth to adulthood, the relative contents of synaptophysin increased 80-fold, reaching a final level of 3.5 micrograms/mg of total protein. The time course of accumulation suggests that synaptophysin expression is correlated with synaptogenesis. Thus synaptophysin may be used as a reliable marker of nerve terminal differentiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The primary structure of bdellin B-3 from the leech Hirudo medicinalis. Bdellin B-3 is a compact proteinase inhibitor of a "non-classical" Kazal type. It is present in the leech in a high molecular mass form.

A proteinase inhibitor was isolated from extracts of the leech Hirudo medicinalis by gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography. This inhibitor is similar to the bdellins in that it blocks the activity of trypsin, plasmin and sperm acrosin but has a molecular mass, as estimated by SDS polyacrylamide electrophoresis, of about 20 kDa, whereas the bdellins have molecular masses in the range 5-6 kDa. It is therefore designated as high-molecular mass bdellin B-3 (HMB). The amino-acid sequence of the inhibitor was elucidated as far as position 56. This revealed that the molecule consists of a bdellin B-3 moiety, corresponding to the N-terminal 46 residues, which is then extended at the C-terminus by a polypeptide chain of the composition Asx15, Glx25, Gly6, Val, His26-27 and Lys4. It has been formerly concluded from a partial amino-acid sequence that bdellin B-3 is a Kazal-type inhibitor. However, the complete sequence of bdellin B-3, represented by the N-terminal 46 residues of HMB, discloses that bdellin B-3 is a non-classical Kazal-type inhibitor when the number of amino-acid residues between half-cystines are considered. Presuming that formation of disulfide bridges principally follows the same pattern as in classical Kazal-type inhibitors the bdellin B-3 molecule was modeled based on the known three-dimensional structure of the third ovomucoid domains. This showed that a compact arrangement of the peptide chain of bdellin B-3 is conceivable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1984

Solubilization and characterization of the beta-bungarotoxin-binding protein of chick brain membranes.

The previously characterized ( Rehm , H., and Betz, H. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 10015-10022) neuronal binding protein for the presynaptic neurotoxin beta-bungarotoxin (beta-BuTx) was solubilized from synaptic membrane fractions of chick brain using the nonionic detergent Triton X-100. 125I-beta-BuTx bound to the solubilized protein with a dissociation constant (KD) of 1.9 +/- 0.1 nM. This binding of 125I-beta-BuTx was Ca2+-dependent and pharmacologically specific. From different basic proteins tested, only unlabeled beta-BuTx and its antagonist dendrotoxin inhibited 125I-beta-BuTx binding. Potassium ions were required during solubilization and binding in order to detect 125I-beta-BuTx-binding activity. Sedimentation in sucrose/H2O and sucrose/D2O gradients and gel exclusion chromatography on Sepharose 6B indicated a s20,w of 12.8 +/- 0.6 S and a Stokes radius of 8.6 +/- 0.2 nm for the solubilized beta-BuTx-binding component. From these data, the protein molecular weight of the beta-BuTx binding site was calculated to be 431,000 +/- 45,000.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

News about the neuronal membrane protein which binds the presynaptic neurotoxin beta-bungarotoxin.

beta-Bungarotoxin (beta-Btx) is cytotoxic for GABA-ergic and cholinergic neurons in chick retina explant cultures. Binding experiments with 125I-beta-Btx identified a high affinity binding site in membranes of chick brain. This binding is specific and its pharmacology indicates that it mediates the above-mentioned cytotoxicity. Photoaffinity crosslinking of 125I-beta-Btx to chick brain membranes showed that the beta-Btx binding protein contains a polypeptide of MW 95 000. The beta-Btx binding protein was solubilized with Triton X-100 and some of its biochemical and physical properties were characterized.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1983

Identification by cross-linking of a beta-bungarotoxin binding polypeptide in chick brain membranes.

beta-Bungarotoxin (beta-BTX) is a snake venom neurotoxin which inhibits neurotransmitter release from different types of nerve terminals. To identify presynaptic membrane components potentially important in neurosecretion, 125I-labeled beta-BTX (mol. wt. 21 000) was cross-linked to a high-affinity binding site in synaptic membrane fractions of chick brain using the photoactivable cross-linker N-succinimidyl-6(4'-azido-2'-nitrophenylamino)-hexanoate. Electrophoretic analysis of the cross-linked membrane proteins under both reducing and non-reducing conditions revealed a single [125I]beta-BTX-polypeptide adduct of apparent mol. wt. 116 000 (+/- 2000). The labeling of this band was prevented under conditions previously shown to inhibit the binding of [125I]beta-BTX to its high-affinity binding site. It is concluded that the cross-linking procedure identified a polypeptide of the presynaptic binding site for beta-BTX, and that this polypeptide has a mol. wt. of 95 000.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Beta-bungarotoxin-induced cell-death of neurons in chick retina.

The cytotoxicity of beta-bungarotoxin (beta-BTX), a snake venom neurotoxin with phospholipase A2 activity, for chick neurons was investigated using organ and monolayer cultures of retina. Beta-BTX led to a marked reduction in the total activities of choline acetyltransferase and glutamate decarboxylase of retina cultures at concentrations as low as 100 pM. The total activity of lactate dehydrogenase was, however, much less affected by beta-BTX. Also, the total activity of tyrosine hydroxylase of organ-cultured retina decreased only at 30-50 fold higher concentrations of the toxin. The total activity of the glial marker glutamine synthetase was not changed by beta-BTX. In contrast to this selectivity for neurons displayed by beta-BTX, non-neurotoxic phospholipases A2 from bee venom and porcine pancreas led to a simultaneous loss of both neuronal and glial marker enzymes. Light and electron microscopy of organ-cultured retina showed that only cells in the ganglion cell layer and the inner third of the amacrine cell layer degenerated after incubation with beta-BTX. In the toxin-sensitive cells, the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmatic reticulum appeared the first subcellular structures to be affected. It is concluded that beta-BTX preferentially recognizes and/or destroys cholinergic and GABAergic cells in the amacrine and ganglion cell layers of the developing chick retina. This toxin may thus be a useful probe to investigate cell surface properties of cholinergic and GABAergic neurons in the chick central nervous system.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Identification of polypeptides associated with a putative neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.

Polypeptides involved in the binding of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligand alpha-bungarotoxin (Mr = 8,000) to neuronal membranes were identified by three independent methods: (i) 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin bound to membrane fractions or to monolayer cultures of chick retina was cross-linked to its binding site by using glutaraldehyde, or the photoactivatable bifunctional reagent N-succinimidyl-6-(4'-azido-2'-nitrophenylamino)hexanoate. Electrophoretic analysis of the cross-linked membrane proteins revealed 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin-polypeptide adducts of apparent Mr = 63,000, 43,000, and 33,000. (ii) Affinity purification of the alpha-bungarotoxin binding protein from detergent extracts of [35S]methionine-labeled retina cultures identified one major polypeptide with an Mr = 57,000. (iii) Indirect immunoprecipitation from detergent extracts of [35S]methionine-labeled rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC 12) gave evidence for a specific co-precipitation of alpha-bungarotoxin with three polypeptides (Mr = 57,000, 34,000, and 25,000). The data suggest that polypeptides of Mr - 57,000, 35,000, and 25,000 (+/- 3,000) are located at or close to the alpha-bungarotoxin binding domain of the putative neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Binding of beta-bungarotoxin to synaptic membrane fractions of chick brain.

beta-Bungarotoxin (beta-BuTx) is a presynaptically active snake venom phospholipase A2 which, in the chick, is cytotoxic for certain subclasses of central and peripheral neurons. In order to elucidate whether the toxin's specificity is due to the existence of specific neuronal binding sites, the binding of 125I-labeled beta-BuTx to synaptic membrane fractions of chick brain was investigated. These experiments defined a single class of saturable high affinity binding sites (KD = 0.47 +/- 0.14 nM, k+1 = 4.3 x 10(6) M-1 s-1, k-1 = 1.08 x 10(-4) s-1) whose pharmacological properties correlated with that of the cytotoxic action of beta-BuTx on cholinergic neurons in chick retina cultures. The density of 125I-beta-BuTx binding sites in synaptic membrane fractions was low (50 fmol/mg of protein). Also specific toxin binding occurred only to membrane fractions of chick organs known to contain beta-BuTx-sensitive cells or nerve endings, i.e. brain, retina, and muscle, but not liver and heart. The binding of 125I-beta-BuTx to synaptic membrane fractions was dependent on Ca2+; Co2+ and Sr2+, but not Mg2+, could replace Ca2+ in the binding reaction. The membrane binding site for 125I-beta-BuTx was sensitive to heat and high concentrations of pronase, and thus most likely is a protein.

Animals↗