Biomedical subjects
H Reynolds
Publications and source records attributed to H Reynolds.
Simultaneous targeting of pea glutathione reductase and of a bacterial fusion protein to chloroplasts and mitochondria in transgenic tobacco.
N-terminal presequences from cDNAs encoding mitochondrion- or chloroplast-specific proteins are able, with variable efficiencies, to target preproteins to their respective organelles. In the few cases studied in which a nuclear-encoded protein is found in both these organelles, each compartment-specific isoform is encoded by a separate gene. Glutathione reductase (GR) from peas is encoded by a single nuclear gene and yet GR is distributed between chloroplasts, mitochondria and the cytosol. Previous sequence analysis of a full-length GR cDNA revealed the presence of a putative plastid transit peptide. However, expression of this cDNA in transgenic tobacco resulted in substantially elevated GR activities in both chloroplasts and mitochondria in four independent lines examined. There was no effect on expression of the endogenous tobacco GR genes. Replacement of the GR presequence with presequences from pea rbcS (chloroplast) and Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Mn-SOD (mitochondrion) resulted in targeting of GR only into the appropriate organelle. Expression of a fusion protein between the amino terminal region of GR and phosphinothricin acetyl transferase resulted in targeting of the foreign protein to chloroplasts and mitochondria. Thus, the pea GR presequence is capable of co-targeting this enzyme or a foreign protein to chloroplasts and mitochondria in vivo. This is the first example of co-targeting by a higher plant preprotein.
Stability of malignant breast calcifications.
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Elucidation of the role of glutathione reductase using transgenic plants.
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New imperatives for internal medicine residency education.
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Cholesterol-lowering effects of soluble-fiber cereals as part of a prudent diet for patients with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia.
Soluble-fiber breakfast cereals were examined for their cholesterol-lowering ability in 58 male patients with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Patients followed a step 1 diet for a minimum of 6 wk, then were randomly assigned to groups incorporating either corn flakes or one of two soluble-fiber cereals (pectin enriched or psyllium enriched) in the diet for an additional 6 wk. During the diet-only phase, total cholesterol dropped 3.8%. During the cereal-plus-diet phase, total and LDL cholesterol values of the pectin-enriched cereal group dropped an additional 2.1% (P = 0.243) and 3.9% (P = 0.16), respectively, and they dropped 5.9% (P = 0.005) and 5.7% (P = 0.034), respectively, in the psyllium-enriched cereal group. During the cereal-plus-diet phase, no significant effects on HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, or body weight were found within or between any cereal groups. These results support use of soluble-fiber cereals as an effective and well-tolerated part of a prudent diet in the treatment of mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia.
Anesthetic considerations for severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.
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Cholesterol-lowering effects of psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid. Adjunct therapy to a prudent diet for patients with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia.
Psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid was examined for its ability to lower serum cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic patients. Seventy-five patients with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia were evaluated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel study. Patients were treated with a Step I diet for 12 weeks before receiving placebo or 3.4 g of psyllium (equivalent to 1 teaspoon) three times per day for 8 weeks. Compared with placebo, psyllium achieved an additional 4.8% reduction in total cholesterol level, 8.2% reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and 8.8% reduction in apolipoprotein B level. Psyllium did not significantly affect blood pressure or levels of high-density cholesterol, triglycerides, serum glucose, or iron. Reported adherence to diet and treatment was excellent, and no significant adverse side effects were noted. These results indicate psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid is an effective and well-tolerated adjunct to diet in the management of mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia.
Microbiological and immunological studies of adult periodontitis in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
The subgingival microflora and serum antibody response was examined in periodontitis patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and normal glucose tolerance (NGT). The predominant cultivable microflora was determined for subgingival plaque sampled from two deep periodontal pockets in each of eight adult periodontitis patients with NIDDM. Indirect immunofluorescence for Bacteroides intermedius, Bacteroides gingivalis, and Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans was used to examine these same samples as well as 186 additional subgingival plaque samples from 47 patients with moderate to severe generalized periodontitis including 25 subjects with NIDDM, six subjects with IGT, and 16 subjects with NGT. Serum antibody levels to 13 microorganisms including seven oral bacterial species and one nonoral control species were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in 377 subjects including 84 normal subjects without periodontal disease, 112 normal subjects with periodontitis, 19 periodontally normal subjects with IGT, 65 periodontitis patients with IGT, 15 periodontally normal subjects with NIDDM, and 82 periodontitis patients with NIDDM. Three hundred eighty-two bacterial isolates were recovered from the eight patients. B. intermedius was the most frequently isolated microorganism constituting 16% of the total isolates followed by Wolinella recta and B. gingivalis, which each accounted for 13% of the total. Streptococcus sanguis was the most prevalent microorganism, which was found in 75% of the sites. Subgingival plaque samples examined by immunofluorescence demonstrate a high prevalence of black-pigmented Bacteroides and suggest that the proportion of B. gingivalis but not B. intermedius is higher in NIDDM with periodontitis than in other groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cervical rheumatoid arthritis: value of flexion and extension views in imaging.
The magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings in the cervical spines of eight patients with long-standing polyarticular rheumatoid arthritis were reviewed. Three pathologic conditions were readily demonstrated: anterior atlantoaxial subluxation (n = 6), atlantoaxial impaction (n = 6), and subaxial subluxation (n = 6). An abnormal soft-tissue signal was noted in the preodontoid space in six patients; this signal was thought to represent the associated inflammatory mass. MR imaging was useful not only for depicting the bony abnormalities in the cervical spine that are associated with rheumatoid arthritis, but also can directly show the effect of the disease process on the spinal cord and brain stem.
Release of estradiol from fetal bovine serum by rat thymus, spleen, kidney, lung and lung macrophage cultures.
High levels of estradiol (E2) were detected by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in supernatants of rat thymus and spleen, kidney, lung and lung macrophages cultured in the presence of fetal bovine serum(FBS). A competitive inhibitor of E2 synthesis and no effect on the production of E2 by thymic cultures. Acid hydrolysis of estrogen conjugates in FBS released enough free E2 to account for the high level found in culture supernatants. Removal of free estrogens and estrogen conjugates by charcoal stripping the serum before addition to media of rat tissues by hydrolysis of estrogen conjugates in FBS.
Eubacterium saburreum and Veillonella parvula: a symbiotic association or oral strains.
A cocci-filament association was discovered in bacterial cultural studies of a subgingival plaque sample. Components were isolated and identified as Veillonella parvula and Eubacterium saburreum. A E. saburreum cell-associated material consisting of approximately 25% glucose and 70% protein was found which may play a role in the adherence of V. parvula to this filament. Acid end product analysis via gas liquid chromatography showed an uptake of lactic and succinic acids by V. parvula resulting in increased levels of acetic, propionic and n-butyric acids in mixed culture of the E. saburreum and the V. parvula strains. The ability of E. saburreum to adhere to nichrome wire and to glass surfaces as well as the secondary plaque forming ability of V. parvula indicates that these organisms may play a role in the maturation of human dental plaque.
Total body volume in females: validation of a theoretical model.
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Combined micromanipulation, culture and immunofluorescent techniques for isolation of the coccal organisms comprising the "corn cob" configuration of human dental plaque.
The present study describes methods to 1) selectively isolate Corn Cob Configurations (CCC) from dental plaque by micromanipulation; 2) obtain pure cultures of the coccal constituent; 3) determine by immunofluorescent procedure which organisms originated from the CCC. Using a de Fonbrune micromanipulator, CCC specimens were isolated from supragingival plaque samples. The viability of one specimen thus obtained was established by observing growth on a slide culture. One set of CCC specimens was transferred to broth and incubated aerobically immediately upon collection. Another set was transferred to prereduced transport medium and later plated on blood agar for aerobic and anaerobic culturing. A total of 10 coccal strains were thus isolated. Antisera produced in rabbits against the 10 strains were used to localize these coccal organisms on plaque smears by using the indirect fluorescent antibody technique. Of the 10 antisera tested, 2 produced against streptococcal strains consistently gave a positive immunofluorescent reaction with the coccal component of CCC in the plaque smears; the corresponding streptococci were therefore considered to be CCC forming strains in vivo.
The immunoglobulins derived from a VH-CH recombinant rabbit and its normal relatives. I. Measurements of heavy chain molecular weights and allotypes of colostral IgA.
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Effect of type of carbohydrate on amino acid accumulation and utilization by Tetrahymena.
Both concentration and pattern of free amino acids in Tetrahymena pyriformis, as well as utilization, synthesis, and excretion of amino acids, were affected by type of carbohydrate in growth media. With glucose, cell pool concentrations were higher than with dextrin, and alanine and glycine together accounted for an average of 45% of the total pool. These two amino acids accumulated in similar proportions when their synthesis from essential amino acids was a prerequisite, as when they were provided by growth media, but they constituted only 15 to 18% of the free amino acids in cells from media with dextrin. Alanine, glycine, and glutamic acid were excreted into the medium regardless of whether they were provided by starting media; hence, they appear to be end products of the required metabolism of some of the essential amino acids. Both accumulation and excretion of the above non-essential amino acids were nearly twice as extensive in media providing glucose as the only carbohydrate as when the carbohydrate supplied was dextrin or dextrin plus glucose. Thus, the observed differences are not attributable to differences in osmolarity of monosaccharide and polysaccharide media. Free amino acid differences do not appear to be the immediate cause of the different growth-stimulating properties of such carbohydrates.
An apparent carbohydrate-amino acid interaction in Tetrahymena pyriformis.
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Politics and the professional association.
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