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Biomedical subjects

H Richet

Publications and source records attributed to H Richet.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Antibiotic therapy protocol using ceftazidime 3g/day alone or in combination with vancomycin or amikacin. In febrile episodes in neutropenic patients].

In a preliminary study of 21 febrile episodes in neutropenic patients ceftazidime used as empirical treatment in doses of 3 grams per day succeeded in controlling fever in 74 per cent of the cases. Laboratory studies performed in patients with Gram-negative septicaemia showed clinically effective plasma concentrations of the antibiotic. A trial of ceftazidime (3 g/day) administered alone or combined with amikacin or vancomycin is currently in progress in two medical centres. No statistically significant conclusions could be reached from an intermediate study.

Agranulocytosis↗
PubMed1988

Comparative in vitro activities of pristinamycin, its components, and other antimicrobial agents against anaerobic bacteria.

Using an agar dilution technique, we compared the activities of pristinamycin and its components PIA and PIIA with those of penicillin G, cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, metronidazole, and clindamycin against 200 strains of anaerobic bacteria isolated from suppurative lesions. The antimicrobial activity of pristinamycin was similar to that of chloramphenicol. On the basis of these results and because of its antistaphylococcal and antistreptococcal activities and its absence of toxicity, pristinamycin might be a valuable therapeutic agent for treating mixed aerobic-anaerobic cutaneous infections.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
PubMed1987

Lysis centrifugation and slide blood culture systems for diagnosis of bacteremia in immunocompromised patients.

Compared with a slide blood culture system, a lysis centrifugation system detected significantly more positive blood cultures and more episodes of bacteremia in immunocompromised patients (even when on antibiotics), while giving results more rapidly and even at significantly lower CFUs. However, it had a high contamination rate and did not detect Pseudomonas aeruginosa as often. Use of the two systems together is recommended for diagnosing bacteremia early in immunocompromised patients.

Agranulocytosis↗
PubMed1986

Primary meningococcal polyarthritis.

We report a case of primary meningococcal polyarthritis simulating bacteraemic gonococcal infection. The clinical similarity between extragenital gonococcal and meningococcal infections is well illustrated. If the clinical features of meningococcal and gonococcal infections are usually different, they may sometimes be indistinguishable. Both gonococcal pharyngitis and meningococcal urethritis have been recorded. The onset of acute polyarthritis, fever and skin lesions is typical of gonococcal infection but these clinical features may also indicate infection due to Neisseria meningitidis. In the case we report, the correct diagnosis of meningococcal arthritis was established only after N. meningitidis group C had been identified in synovial fluid from the knee.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Incidence of acquired infection in the surgical departments of 5 hospitals].

A program for monitoring nosocomial infections was implemented in the surgical units of five hospitals. The overall incidence of infections after clean surgery varied from 6.6% to 15% depending on the units. Surgical wound infections were in the 2.8 to 5% range, which corresponded to 30-66% of nosocomial infections. The main septic complication of surgery in 2 of the 5 units was urinary tract infection, with an incidence of 1.6 to 7.8%. Bacteriaemia complicating urinary tract infections and intravenous catheter infections accounted for 4% to 16% of all infections. Staphylococcus aureus was responsible for 40 to 77% of surgical wound infections and Escherichia coli for 30 to 50% of urinary tract infections. After a 4-5 months period of monitoring, the incidence of nosocomial infections was reduced by 32 to 68% depending on individual units.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1985

A prospective study of hospital-acquired infection in 2330 cardiovascular surgery patients.

Between March 1982 and May 1983, 2330 patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery were prospectively surveyed for hospital-acquired infections. During the first month of the study the overall incidence of infection was 8.2%, the incidence of postoperative wound infection was 3.8%, urinary tract infection 3.2%, lower respiratory tract infection 1.2% and bacteraemia 0.6%. In May 1983 the overall incidence was 3.2% and incidence of wound, urinary tract and lower respiratory infections were 1.3%, 0.6% and 1.3% respectively. Urinary tract infection was reduced by substituting a closed drainage system for open drainage. A peak of postoperative wound infection was observed in November 1982 and was related to changes in the functioning of the department resulting in inadequate pre-operative preparation. Two outbreaks of pseudobacteraemia occurred related to the arterial line stopcock and to heparin used for biochemistry tests. Antimicrobial prophylaxis was not modified during the study. However, wound infection rates dropped from 4% to 1.3%. In conclusion, this surveillance programme was associated with a significant reduction in hospital-acquired infection.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1985

A prospective study of postoperative fever in a general surgery department.

During a 4-month period, 693 patients undergoing surgical procedures were prospectively studied to investigate the etiology of postoperative fever (greater than or equal to 38 degrees C during 48 hours or more). The overall rate of fever was similar for the three categories of surgical procedures studied (14%, 13.4% and 13.1% respectively after clean, clean contaminated and contaminated surgical procedures). No cause of fever was found in 5%, 2.7% and 1.7% of patients who underwent clean, clean contaminated and contaminated surgical procedures. Several episodes of fever were observed for 12 patients after clean surgery; for 11 of them this was due to infection. The mean interval between febrile episodes was 4.7 days. After clean wound surgery, fever documented as infectious began significantly later (2.7 vs 1.6 days) and lasted significantly longer (5.4 vs 3.5 days) than fever for which no source was determined. Only half of the infections were associated with fever.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1985

Detection of bacteremia in leukemic patients by early subcultures with a slide blood culture system.

During a three month study, 433 sets of blood culture were collected from 140 patients hospitalized in the hematology unit, most of these blood cultures were collected from leukemic patients being treated by chemotherapy producing aplasia. Blood was distributed into three bottles, one containing Schaedler Broth and the others tryptic soy broth (TS). We tried to compare two different blind subculture systems: conventional subculture (CS) onto Petri dishes chocolate agar and a coated agar slide (slide) attached onto the TS bottle, thus the blood culture broth can be subcultured by tipping the bottle. The first subculture was performed at the same time for both bottles after a mean time of incubation of 12,4 hours (st. dev. 3.3 hours). There was no statistically significant difference for the recovery of pathogens, 30 with the slide and 29 with CS. Among the 30 slide positive blood cultures, six: 4 pseudomonas, 2 streptococcus, were detected by direct observation of colonies before any evidence of broth disturbance. When comparison was made according to the detection observed with the first, second or third subculture, a slight advantage was obtained with CS since 72.4% of them were positive with the first subculture versus 60% with the slide. During the first round of evaluation an higher contamination rate was observed with the slide 6.4% versus 2% for CS. The great majority of contaminated bottles were collected in one of the three hematology subunits. Contamination rate dropped following a teaching campaign bout aseptic collection and distribution of blood into the bottles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1985

[Septicemia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype O 16 in a hemato-oncology department. Review of 17 cases].

Seventeen cases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype O 16 septicaemia in patients with immune deficiencies are reported. All patients had a poor prognosis from the onset because of the advanced stage of their illness, the particular clinical form of their disease or because of the confirmed inefficacy of their anti-leukaemic chemotherapy. The neutrophil leukocyte count was less than 0.5 X 10(9)/l in all cases and 13 patients had also received wide-spectrum antibiotic therapy for at least 15 days. The septicaemia was accompanied by pelvic sepsis in 6 cases. The prognosis was very poor and 12 patients died rapidly in a state of shock. P. aeruginosa was an infrequent cause of infection during the 31 months period of observation but the O 16 serotype was the commonest in our department. The source of contamination seemed to be a chronic carrier state. P. aeruginosa is resistant to most of the antibiotics which would be expected to be effective.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Rapid detection of bacteriuria by laser nephelometry.

A total of 1,002 urine specimens were evaluated by laser nephelometry. This technique was compared with both colony counts, done with a calibrated loop, and serial dilutions. For urine specimens containing between 10(4) and 10(5) bacteria per ml, laser nephelometry detected 75.4% of those detected by colony count and 65.6% of those detected by serial dilution. For specimens where the concentration of bacteria was greater than 10(5) per ml, laser nephelometry detected 95.8 and 92.4% of those detected by colony count and serial dilution, respectively. The mean detection time for bacteriuria varied from 1.57 h for more than 10(5) bacteria per ml to 4.47 h for more than 10(4) bacteria per ml. To determine the number of bacteria according to the voltage growth curve, the passage time at 3 V was used as an index. The mean passage time at 3 V decreased from 5.18 h for fewer than 10(4) bacteria per ml to 1.42 h for more than 10(6) bacteria per ml. The mean passage time at 3 V differed significantly for different concentrations of bacteria. Thus, this index allowed us to predict the number of bacteria in the urine specimens. Laser nephelometry has been used for many years for the immunological determination of proteins; it can now also be considered a tool for rapid screening in bacteriology.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1984

Rapid screening for bacteriuria with a laser nephelometer.

Detection of significant bacteriuria with a laser nephelometer was evaluated in this study and compared with the results obtained by the quantitative loop method. We screened 1002 urine specimens and 220 (21.95%) were found to be positive at greater than or equal to 10(5) colony-forming units (CFU)/mL of urine by the standard method. Of the 220 positive specimens, 210 (95.4%) were detected in 6 h or less and 177 (80.4%) were detected within 3 h. The false-positive rate was 2.3% at 3 h and 19.7% at 6 h. These findings suggest that a 6-h procedure is necessary to detect 95% or more of significant bacteriuria. Laser nephelometer is versatile and can be used for rapid screening of bacteriuria.

Bacteria↗