PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H Ring

Publications and source records attributed to H Ring.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Rapid tranquillisation. A survey of emergency prescribing in a general psychiatric hospital.

Rapid tranquillisation--giving a psychotropic to control behavioural disturbances--is common in medical practice, yet few surveys describe its use in psychiatric populations. Over five months, 102 incidents, involving 60 patients, were retrospectively surveyed. Patients most often involved were young white men. The commonest diagnosis was affective disorder (manic phase) (39%) followed by schizophrenia (33%). Fifteen patients were involved in 57% of the incidents. The majority of incidents involved injury to people or damage to property. The most frequently used drugs were diazepam and haloperidol, alone or in combination. Droperidol, chlorpromazine, sodium amytal and paraldehyde were rarely used. Diazepam alone or in combination with haloperidol delivered intravenously was most rapidly effective and was associated with greatest staff satisfaction. Serious side-effects were rare.

Aggression↗
PubMed1992

Standing sway and weight-bearing distribution in people with below-knee amputations.

Upright stability in humans has been found to decrease with age, certain diseases, or trauma. We investigated stability of standing in people with below-knee amputations (BKA) and in able-bodied controls. Body sway was evaluated during standing on a set of two Kistler force plates, first with eyes open and then with eyes closed. People with BKA were tested twice--first, one to two days after receiving their prostheses, and second, on completing their prosthetic rehabilitation. The results indicate that both able-bodied people and those with BKA sway more with their eyes closed. However, people with BKA are significantly less stable when they stand with either closed eyes or open eyes. We demonstrated that the differences between the groups studied are due to a proprioceptive deficit as a result of partial limb loss. We also found that there was a gradual process of compensation and adaptation, as some people with BKA sway less at the end of the rehabilitation period.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1991

Acute stroke patients: long-term effects of rehabilitation and maintenance of gains.

The efficacy of rehabilitation programs to facilitate recovery after acute stroke remains controversial. To further evaluate this issue, the records of 139 "middle-band" stroke survivors were reviewed retrospectively at admission to, discharge from, and one-year follow-up from inpatient rehabilitation. Patients were divided into two groups (out-patient [O/P] or no O/P) based on their involvement in physical and occupational therapy services. A repeated measures ANOVA indicated that both groups made clinically and statistically significant improvements in all functional indices between stroke onset, discharge from inpatient rehabilitation, and follow-up: O/P therapy: mobility F(1,46) = 1651, p less than .0001; self-care F(1,47) = 1062, p less than .0001; total F (1,47) = 1093, p less than .0001; no O/P therapy: mobility F(91,88) = 5643, p less than .0001; self-care F(1,88) = 5722, p less than .0001; total F(1,88) = 6733, p less than .0001. Pairwise comparisons for all functional indices revealed that all statistically significant changes in function in the no O/P therapy group occurred between stroke onset and discharge: self-care (p less than .0001), mobility (p less than .0001), and total (p less than .0001). Pairwise comparisons of all indices in the O/P therapy group revealed that all differences between stroke onset and discharge functional scores were at the p less than .0001 level, and score differences between discharge from inpatient rehabilitation and follow-up were as follows: self-care (p less than .05), mobility (p less than .001), and total (p less than .005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Differential effect of right and left hemispheric lesions on two memory tasks: free recall and frequency judgement.

We investigated the relationship between lateralized cerebral damage and two memory tasks; free recall and frequency judgement. Free recall is considered to be processed effortfully while frequency judgement is considered to be processed automatically (Hasher and Zacks). Nine right brain-damaged patients (RBD), nine left brain-damaged patients (LBD) and nine control subjects participated in this study. It was hypothesized that RBD would show an advantage over LBD on the free-recall task, whereas LBD would show an advantage over RBD on the frequency-judgement task. In accordance with our hypothesis, free-recall was more impaired in LBD than in RBD. In the frequency-judgement task, an effect of laterality of lesion was found in high (4-6) and low (0-1) frequencies, but not in the medium (2-3) frequencies. The anticipated LBD advantage was shown in judgement of the high frequencies, but unexpectedly RBD performed better than LBD in low frequencies. The results are discussed in terms of the relationship between effortful and automatic memory processes and cerebral lateralization.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Plasma levels of thioridazine and metabolites are influenced by the debrisoquin hydroxylation phenotype.

The pharmacokinetics of thioridazine and its metabolites were studied in 19 healthy male subjects: 6 slow and 13 rapid hydroxylators of debrisoquin. The subjects received a single 25 mg oral dose of thioridazine, and blood samples were collected during 48 hours. Concentrations of thioridazine and metabolites in serum were measured by HPLC. Slow hydroxylators of debrisoquin obtained higher serum levels of thioridazine with a 2.4-fold higher Cmax and a 4.5-fold larger AUC(0-infinity) associated with a twofold longer half-life compared with that of rapid hydroxylators. The side-chain sulphoxide (mesoridazine) and sulphone (sulphoridazine), which are active metabolites, appeared more slowly in serum and had lower Cmax values, but comparable AUC. The thioridazine ring-sulphoxide attained higher Cmax and 3.3-fold higher AUC in slow hydroxylators than in rapid hydroxylators of debrisoquin. Thus the formation of mesoridazine from thioridazine and the 4-hydroxylation of debrisoquin seem to be catalyzed by the same enzyme, whereas the formation of thioridazine ring-sulphoxide is probably formed mainly by another enzyme.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Assessment chart for inpatient rehabilitation following stroke.

In order to enable comparison of the post-stroke patient's functional status between different points during the rehabilitation process, an assessment chart was developed; this covered cognitive, basic and integrated functions. The chart was applied by two independent examiners on 36 patients, with a mean age of 60, admitted consecutively for rehabilitation following stroke. The results of the assessment using the chart were compared with those measured with the Kenny Self Evaluation System. There was a positive correlation both between the Kenny System and the developed chart and the two examiners. It is felt that the chart meets the demands of easy applicability, numerical scoring and comprehensiveness. It is sufficiently sensitive to reflect the progress of patients during rehabilitation and enables re-evaluation of initial treatment plans focusing on the needs of the individual patient. The developed chart may serve as a useful tool in the evaluation of stroke inpatients during their rehabilitation.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1989

Postural stability in stroke patients: vectorial expression of asymmetry, sway activity and relative sequence of reactive forces.

Bilateral force measurements on the supporting limbs in postural sway while standing still were made to evaluate post-cerebral-vascular accident (CVA) patients during rehabilitation. Normal subjects of the same age group were tested as controls. From the force tracings obtained, three oscillation frequencies were identified, with orders of magnitudes of 7, 1 and 0.1 Hz, respectively, of which the middle frequency, i.e. that corresponding to 1 Hz, was selected for subsequent processing and analysis. These included the determination of relative sequence of the force vectors on both feet and evaluation of timings and amplitudes of the waveforms. Weight-bearing imbalance was defined in the vertical direction to express the difference between the average forces supported by each of the legs. In the horizontal plane, two parameters were defined: sway total activity (SA), to represent the vector summation of the absolute values of the horizontal force components acting on both legs; and asymmetry (ASYM) to express the difference in activities between the two legs. The results presented disclose the reactive force patterns acting on each of the legs of post-CVA hemiplegic individuals, in comparison with normal individuals. Although these forces were shown to act synchronously on both legs, they appeared to be asymmetrical in nature, with a typical vectorial pattern for every individual, which generally differed from that of normal subjects. Sway activity was found to be significantly higher in hemiplegics compared with the normal controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Multiple forms of pancreatic polypeptide-related compounds in the lamprey CNS: partial characterization and immunohistochemical localization in the brain stem and spinal cord.

Although neuropeptide Y (NPY) is established as a transmitter in many regions of the nervous system, the role of other peptides of the pancreatic polypeptide (PP) family in the CNS is obscure. This study provides evidence that PP-like peptides in the "primitive" CNS of a cyclostome are composed of different molecular forms, which are stored in separate neuronal populations with apparently different functions. PP-like material was detected in extracts of brain and spinal cord from Lampetra fluviatilis by radioimmunoassay (RIA) using an antiserum to the C-terminal hexapeptide of mammalian PP. The PP-immunoreactive material consisted of several molecular forms, as shown by its complex elution profile on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The cellular distribution of PP-like immunoreactivity was studied with indirect immunofluorescence histochemistry using antisera toward porcine peptide YY (PYY), porcine neuropeptide Y (NPY), and bovine (BPP), rat (RPP), and avian (APP) pancreatic polypeptide. Adjacent sections from the brain stem and spinal cord of L. fluviatilis and Ichthyomyzon unicuspis, incubated with the different antisera, displayed 2 main patterns of PP immunoreactivity. The PYY and RPP antisera labeled groups of neurons and fibers in the rhombencephalic and mesencephalic reticular formation. One of the PYY/RPP-ir cell groups, located in the anterior rhombencephalic reticular nucleus, had a projection to the dorsolateral spinal cord. Fibers of this reticulospinal system were in close apposition to dendrites of intracellularly stained spinal motoneurons and sensory relay interneurons, indicating that they may receive PPergic input. In contrast, antisera to NPY and APP labeled local neurons systems in the spinal dorsal horn, in the lateral parts of the brain stem, including the rhombencephalic alar plate, and in the retina. The BPP antiserum recognized the NPY/APP as well as the PYY/RPP immunoreactive neuron systems, further supporting that they both contain PP-like peptides.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Urinary continence after stroke: association with cystometric profile and computerised tomography findings.

Repeated cystometry was performed in 17 patients after a cerebrovascular accident. Cranial computerised tomography (CT) was performed in all patients. In this series, urinary continence showed a significant correlation both with cystometric bladder tone and with the CT brain findings. The most favourable prognostic factors for urinary continence were a non-hypertonic bladder and absence of extensive brain lesions.

Adult↗