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Biomedical subjects

H Rollag

Publications and source records attributed to H Rollag.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Interferon-gamma may enhance infection of blood-derived macrophages with HIV-1 in the presence of HIV-positive serum.

HIV multiplication in blood-derived macrophages was slightly inhibited by pretreatment of cells with interferon-gamma or by preincubation of virus with serum containing antibodies against HIV. When these pretreatments were combined, the HIV titres observed a short time after infection were enhanced. This effect was blocked by antibodies against Fc receptors but not by antibodies against CD4 receptors. Interferon enhanced the expression of Fc receptors on macrophages. The results indicate that IFN-gamma, in appropriate combinations with HIV-antibody-containing human serum, may enhance the rate of HIV infection of macrophages.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1992

Nonspecific oral immunity in individuals with HIV infection.

Lactoferrin, lysozyme, interferon, and neopterin levels were determined in parotid saliva from 44 individuals with different clinical stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and 19 HIV-seronegative controls. The secretory output of individual components was calculated according to the fluid flow rate. No parotid interferon activity was found in any of the HIV-infected subjects or controls, and no significant differences in parotid lysozyme or neopterin outputs were observed. The lactoferrin output was significantly decreased in HIV-seropositive subjects in parallel with their markedly reduced parotid secretory IgA output. This combined deficiency of parotid lactoferrin and secretory IgA may well contribute to the frequent oral infections seen in subjects with HIV infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus infection in patients with heart transplants].

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a major cause of morbidity in organ transplant recipients. Gastrointestinal CMV disease is a serious and potentially lethal complication requiring treatment with antiviral agents. The symptoms and endoscopic findings are nonspecific. The diagnosis may be decided by histological examination, since CMV inclusions can be verified immunohistochemically in routine sections. In a series of 132 heart transplant recipients, 26 developed CMV-infection. Three of these patients had serious gastrointestinal disease. This report describes the patients with gastrointestinal CMV infection, and briefly discusses symptomatology, diagnostic considerations and suggested treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infections in hospitalized patients].

Rapid detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections, especially in immunocompromised patients, is important and sometimes lifesaving. We describe one year's experience of using a combination of several methods: detection of "immediate early" CMV antigen in blood, detection of "early" virus antigen after brief incubation in cell culture, detection of viral DNA by polymerase chain reaction, regular culture in human embryo fibroblasts, and serological detection of IgM and IgG antibodies. A quick and early diagnosis was achieved by all three rapid methods. However, none of the methods is sufficiently sensitive or specific to allow it to be used alone. A combination of several methods is recommended in order to achieve maximum efficiency and safety.

Cytomegalovirus Infections↗
PubMed1991

[Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in adults. Results after fractionated whole body irradiation and high dosage cyclophosphamide and use of HLA-compatible sibling donors].

We present short and long-term results of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation after hyper-fractionated total body irradiation and high dose cyclophosphamide in ten patients treated for leukaemia during the period 1985-89. Three patients died from complications connected to the transplantation, while seven are living free from leukaemia 18 to 59 months after transplantation (mean 41 months). Two patients need treatment for chronic graft versus host disease. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is expensive and risky. Close cooperation between clinicians and laboratory specialists is essential. The treatment increases long term survival and probably cures certain patients with leukaemia. Some of these patients will need treatment for chronic graft versus host disease and other late sequelae.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Prevalence of antibodies against parvovirus B19 in Norwegians with congenital coagulation factor defects treated with plasma products from small donor pools.

The seroprevalence of antibodies against parvovirus B19 in 308 Norwegians with coagulation factor defects of different types and severities was assessed by an IgG antibody capture radioimmunoassay (GACRIA). The overall seroprevalence was 62%. The seroprevalence among subjects with different types of coagulation factor defects was related to the type and severity of the coagulation factor defect: severe hemophilia A 64%, moderate and mild hemophilia A 58%, severe hemophilia B 88%, moderate and mild hemophilia B 73%, and von Willebrand's disease 52%. The prevalence of parvovirus B19 antibodies among household contacts and blood donors was 49% and 42% respectively. This study confirms that replacement therapy with coagulation factors is accompanied by an increased risk for acquiring parvovirus B19 infection. However, the prevalence of parvovirus B19 antibodies among Norwegian hemophiliacs is well below the prevalence reported from other countries and probably reflects the small numbers of donors in plasma pools used for the preparation of coagulation factor concentrates.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Serological markers of hepatitis B virus and cytomegalovirus infections in Norwegians with coagulation factor defects.

The prevalence of serological markers for present and past hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and antibodies against cytomegalovirus (CMV) among Norwegians with coagulation factor defects was examined in serum samples collected before virus-inactivated coagulation concentrates came into use. Sera collected in 1985/86 from 324 of 377 (86%) registered persons with such defects were available. Three persons were chronic carriers of HBsAg. The prevalence of HBV antibodies was 28% compared with about 5% in the general population. The highest prevalence rate was found among patients with severe haemophilia A (44%) and in patients with haemophilia B (39%). The prevalence of anti-CMV antibodies was 75% which is similar to that found in the general Norwegian population.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1990

Prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis C virus in Norwegians with congenital coagulation factor defects treated with plasma products from small pools.

The prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV) in sera from 266 Norwegians with coagulation factor defects of different types and degrees of severity was assessed by an enzyme immunoassay. The overall prevalence was 41%, the highest rates being found in persons with severe hemophilia A (64%) or B (67%). These prevalence rates are below those found in hemophiliacs in most other countries in the Western hemisphere. This may be due to the strategy for coagulation factor substitution used and a favorable epidemiological situation.

Blood Coagulation Factors↗
PubMed1990

Impaired in vitro survival of monocytes from patients with HIV infection.

In vitro survival of monocytes (MO) was studied in 59 patients with HIV infection of different clinical stages. MO from 61 donors and 12 healthy seronegative homosexual men were also examined. Compared with the number of MO seeded, the percentage of adherent monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) present after 10 days was significantly lower in patients with HIV infection than in the controls. However, the number of viable, non-adherent MO/MDM was similar in patients and controls. Our data indicate markedly decreased in vitro survival of MO from patients with HIV infection. After 10 days, the MDM population in the patient cultures was significantly less differentiated than the control cells, assessed by immunocytochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies against differentiation antigens. Reduced in vitro survival of MO/MDM was associated with low numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in blood, reduced lymphocyte mitogen responses, presence of HIV p24 antigen in serum and advanced clinical stage. Decreased in vitro survival of MO/MDM may be associated with HIV replication in the cells. Although the level of HIV replication in the cultures was low as assessed by measurement of HIV p24 antigen in culture supernatants and staining of MO/MDM for HIV antigens, cytopathogenic effects of HIV or HIV products cannot be ruled out.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1990

Reduced oxidative burst responses in monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages from HIV-infected subjects.

Oxidative burst responses of monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) were studied in 40 subjects with HIV infection of different clinical stages. Oxidative burst was assessed as reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) with or without stimulants. Results were determined as oxidative burst responses per cell and as a stimulatory ratio between stimulated and unstimulated NBT reduction. Cells from 12 HIV-seronegative homosexual men and 38 blood donors served as control groups. In patients with asymptomatic HIV infection, monocyte oxidative burst responses were reduced compared with the blood donors. In MDM from the same patients, stimulatory ratios were reduced. In AIDS patients, stimulatory ratios of both monocytes and MDM were reduced compared with controls. In contrast to the progressive deterioration of CD4+ lymphocyte counts as well as other immune functions in HIV infection, monocyte oxidative burst responses are impaired already in the asymptomatic phase of the infection, almost to the same extent as in patients with AIDS.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The significance of anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies measured in chronic liver disease.

The frequency of hepatitic C virus (HCV) antibodies was determined in two different laboratories in stored sera from 128 consecutive patients with chronic liver disease and from 41 healthy blood donors. Repeated measurements were performed in most patients. At the first determination the frequency of HCV antibodies was 7% in primary sclerosing cholangitis, 42% in primary biliary cirrhosis, 40% in autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, and 27% in alcoholic liver disease. The reproducibility of the determinations was rather poor, with a within-assay variation of 9.9%, whereas the between-assay variation was 34% and 47% in the two laboratories. There was a significant difference in the results obtained in the controls, depending on the handling of the sera. Freezing and thawing and, possibly, protracted storing of sera had a major impact on the assay and may have invalidated the results obtained in many studies. A significant association between IgG levels and titers of HCV antibodies was found in the total group of patients (p less than 0.005), in autoimmune chronic active hepatitis (p less than 0.005), and in primary biliary cirrhosis (p less than 0.01). It may be questioned whether the assay really is specific for anti-HCV antibodies in these patients. Whether HCV has anything to do with the etiology and pathogenesis of chronic liver disease apart from NANB-hepatitis is still undetermined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Nitroblue tetrazolium reduction in monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. Effect of oxidative burst stimulants and interferons.

The ability to mount an oxidative burst (OB) in response to medium, zymosan and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) was assessed in human blood monocytes cultured for 1 day (MO) and monocyte-derived macrophages cultured for 10 days (MDM). Further, the effect of recombinant interferons (IFNs) on OB generation was examined. The OB was measured as a reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT). Unstimulated and stimulated NBT reduction per cell nucleus and the ratio of stimulated/unstimulated NBT reduction was not significantly different in cells cultured for 1 and 10 days. In MO, IFN-gamma stimulated the OB when co-stimulated with zymosan or PMA. IFN-alpha reduced MO adherence. When the lower adherence was corrected for, IFN-alpha enhanced NBT reduction. In MDM, a high concentration of IFN-gamma stimulated the OB without co-stimulation, in lower concentrations the presence of a co-stimulant was necessary for OB stimulation. IFN-alpha/beta enhanced the OB in response to PMA, suggesting that IFN-alpha/beta has a role in macrophage activation.

Cell Adhesion↗
PubMed1988

Effect of recombinant interferon-gamma on protein content, phagocytic, and cytotoxic activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages.

We have studied the effect of recombinant murine interferon-gamma (rMuIFN-gamma) on the protein content, phagocytic activity, and cytotoxicity of mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPM). The aim of this study was to see whether rMuIFN-gamma alone could influence these parameters of MPM activity or if an additional stimulus, like elicitation or cultivation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), was required. The MPM cultures were treated with rMuIFN-gamma for 24, 48, or 72 h. Generally, rMuIFN-gamma treatment of the cultures increased the protein content of the MPM. MPM were generally cytotoxic and they phagocytized IgG-opsonized Escherichia coli under the experimental conditions of this study. The effects of rMuIFN-gamma on phagocytic and cytotoxic activities were complex and highly dependent on the dose and length of treatment. Low or high concentrations may exert opposite effects on the same functions. Addition of a low dose of LPS to the cultures did not generally amplify the rMuIFN-gamma-induced alterations of MPM activities. However, the combination of LPS, high doses of rMuIFN-gamma, and long incubation time reduced the protein content, suppressed the phagocytic activity, and negatively influenced the viability of the MPM. Thioglycolate-elicited MPM had a higher baseline activity than resident MPM, but the rMuIFN-gamma effect on elicited MPM was parallel to the effect on resident MPM.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Interferons affect oxygen metabolism in human neutrophil granulocytes.

Human polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (PMN) were incubated with recombinant interferons (IFNs) and tested for O2 consumption, hydrogen peroxide formation, and chemiluminescence. N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (f-MLP, a bacterial peptide analogue) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA, a protein kinase C activator) were used as PMN stimuli. An increase in O2 consumption after f-MLP-stimulation was seen when PMN had been incubated 2-4 h with either 1000 IU/ml IFN-alpha or 100 IU/ml IFN-gamma, but this increase in O2 consumption was not observed with 1000 IU/ml IFN-beta. Likewise, 100 U/ml IFN-gamma enhanced f-MLP stimulated chemiluminescence, whereas IFN-alpha or IFN-beta (1000 U/ml) had no detectable effects. None of the interferons affected baseline or PMA-stimulated O2 consumption and chemiluminescence, nor did they influence the H2O2-dependent oxidation of intracellular dichlorofluorescein (DCFH) (baseline, f-MLP-stimulated or PMA-stimulated). Our data indicate that some--but not all--aspects of oxygen metabolism in PMN can be affected by IFN, and that there are differences between various subtypes of IFNs regarding their neutrophil priming potential.

Granulocytes↗
PubMed1988

The effect of recombinant interferons on cathepsin B activity in human monocytes.

Blood monocytes isolated from healthy human donors were cultivated for 3 days in the presence of recombinant human interferons (rHuIFN) alpha, beta, gamma. Intracellular activity of cathepsin B was recorded. All rHuIFNs suppressed the cathepsin B activity in the monocytes, rHuIFNs alpha and beta suppressed in a dose-dependent manner, whereas rHuIFN-gamma was suppressive only at low concentrations (1-10 U/ml). In parallel experiments, monocytes were stimulated with carrageenan, which caused increased cathepsin B activity in the cells. This increase was reduced to the level of activity in nonstimulated cells by all rHuIFNs. We have previously reported that cathepsin B may be involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, and the present results may have a bearing on the effects of HuIFNs on the immune system.

Carrageenan↗
PubMed1988

Rapid diagnosis of genital herpes simplex infection by an indirect ELISA method.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) detection was performed by a rapid ELISA antigen detection method in a small field trial, and the results were compared to the results of ordinary cell culture isolation. Swabs from 54 patients, suffering from clinically suspected genital HSV infection, were examined by both methods. In 49 samples the results were identical. Three samples were negative by ELISA, but HSV was isolated by culture, while two samples were positive by ELISA, but negative by culture. Compared to the culture results, the ELISA method had 87.5% sensitivity and 93.3% specificity. Most culture positive samples were identified within two (54%) or three (75%) days, and all within six days after inoculation. The ELISA method turned out as a good and easy method for rapid detection of genital HSV infections.

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay↗