Biomedical subjects

H Roos

Publications and source records attributed to H Roos.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMed1994

Cytomegalovirus in liver biopsies of marrow transplant recipients: detection methods, clinical, histological and immunohistological features.

In a retrospective analysis liver biopsy specimens obtained from 44 marrow transplant recipients were studied to evaluate the frequency of local presence of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD)-like histological and immunohistological alterations in patients with and without liver dysfunction following bone marrow transplantation (BMT). In 22 of 28 patients with marked liver dysfunction after BMT and histopathological alterations described as typical for acute GvHD CMV could be detected in the liver biopsy specimen. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique revealed the highest sensitivity for CMV detection in liver biopsy samples, but in 20 of 22 PCR-positive specimens CMV infection could be confirmed by at least one additional technique. All the liver biopsies obtained from 16 patients with normal liver function lacking histopathological signs of GvHD were CMV negative. In all 3 patients with CMV-positive liver biopsy started on antiviral therapy liver function improved and no generalized CMV disease occurred. All the 4 patients without local presence of CMV started on severe immunosuppressive therapy showed an improvement of liver dysfunction without occurrence of CMV infection. Local CMV infection of the liver could not be differentiated from hepatic GvHD by clinical and histopathological features, nor by immunohistological analysis of the bile duct epithelium. In contrast, only in liver biopsy with local viral presence could an increase in HLA class II- and ICAM-1 expression be demonstrated on hepatocytes. Thus, especially the high negative predictive value of the PCR technique helps to manage the patient with liver dysfunction after BMT.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Calibrating and testing tissue equivalent proportional counters with 37Ar.

A method for testing and calibrating tissue equivalent proportional counters with 37Ar is described. 37Ar is produced by exposure of argon in its normal isotope composition to thermal neutrons. It is shown that--up to volume ratios of 0.01 of argon to the tissue equivalent gas--there is no appreciable effect of the argon admixture on the function of the proportional counter. Conventional calibration methods with characteristic x-rays or with alpha-particles require modifications of the detectors, and they test only small sub-volumes in the counters. In contrast, argon permits calibrations and tests of the resolution that are representative for the entire counter volume and that do not require changes in detector construction. The method is equally applicable to multi-element proportional counters; it is here exemplified by its application to a long cylindrical counter of simplified design that is part of such a multi-element configuration.

Argon↗

PubMed1994

A longitudinal study of cartilage matrix metabolism in patients with cruciate ligament rupture--synovial fluid concentrations of aggrecan fragments, stromelysin-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1.

This is the first study which quantifies aggrecan fragments, stromelysin-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) in SF samples prospectively obtained from the same patient at different time intervals after a cruciate ligament injury of the knee. Aggrecan fragment concentrations were determined by dye precipitation with Alcian Blue. Stromelysin-1 and TIMP-1 were analysed by immunoassay. Ten healthy volunteers formed the reference group. Immediately after knee injury, all marker concentrations were higher as compared to the reference group. The high marker concentrations decreased gradually with time, and in samples obtained between 6 months and 6 years after the injury, median concentrations of some of the markers were not different compared to reference levels. This was in contrast to results from previous cross-sectional studies, where chronic phase median concentrations of all markers were consistently higher than reference levels. In previous cross-sectional studies, however, the samples were obtained at arthroscopy done because of knee complaints at different times after a knee injury. In the present study, the knee injured patients visited the orthopaedic outpatient ward only for SF sampling, and they had no or only minor knee symptoms. We conclude that the temporal changes of marker concentrations in joint fluid after knee injury, suggested from cross-sectional studies, have now been confirmed in a longitudinal, prospective cohort study. We further find that in patients with mild knee symptoms in the chronic phase after cruciate ligament injury, median SF levels of aggrecan fragments, stromelysin-1, and TIMP-1 are lower than in patients with significant knee complaints after the same type of injury.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[The temporomandibular joint of the domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus)].

The mandibular joint of the cat is an incongruent cylindrical joint, which works as a hinge or screw joint. The course of motion is unilateral in the plane of the cutting edge of the molar/premolar border [symbol: see text]. The articular disc is a connective tissue membrane; its new function is decreasing the friction.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Cartilage metabolism in the injured and uninjured knee of the same patient.

OBJECTIVE: To examine if unilateral knee injury affects the synovial fluid concentrations of aggrecan fragments, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) fragments, stromelysin-1, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) in the contralateral uninjured knee. METHODS: Synovial fluids from the injured and uninjured knees were obtained at different times in a group of patients after unilateral knee trauma. Serum samples were obtained on the same occasion. Concentrations of aggrecan fragments were determined by precipitation with Alcian Blue; those of COMP fragments, stromelysin-1, and TIMP-1 were measured by immunoassay. Concentrations were compared with those in a reference group of 10 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: Immediately after knee injury, concentrations of aggrecan fragments, COMP fragments, stromelysin-1 and TIMP-1 were increased in the synovial fluid of the injured knee. However, concentrations of aggrecan and COMP fragments, and stromelysin-1 increased also in the contralateral uninjured knee immediately after injury, but less than in the injured knee. Subsequently, the concentrations of all markers decreased in the synovial fluid of the injured knee, but remained unchanged in the uninjured knee. The concentration of aggrecan fragments in the injured knee decreased to less than that in the uninjured knee in the chronic phase. Serum concentrations of COMP were much smaller than those in synovial fluid. CONCLUSIONS: The increased concentrations of aggrecan and COMP fragments and stromelysin-1 in the joint fluid of the contralateral, uninjured knee following unilateral knee injury, compared with concentrations in healthy reference knees, suggest changes in joint cartilage metabolism in both knees following unilateral knee injury. The mechanisms for these changes are unclear. The low serum concentration of COMP makes it less likely that there is any significant 'exchange' of molecular makers between the knees. A further consequence of these findings is that the contralateral knee cannot be recommended as the only control joint in studies of matrix metabolism in patients with unilateral knee injury.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Knee ligament injury, surgery and osteoarthrosis. Truth or consequences?

We reviewed reports that describe development of osteoarthrosis of the knee after anterior cruciate ligament or meniscus injury. The occurrence of posttraumatic osteoarthrosis varied considerably from one report to another. The literature does not lend support to the efficacy of cruciate ligament repair or reconstruction in retarding the progression of osteoarthrosis after knee injury. We encourage prospective, controlled, randomized and masked studies that aim to evaluate the utility of ligament reconstruction, meniscus suture or meniscus transplantation for preventing posttraumatic osteoarthrosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Criteria of applicability for autoradiography of tritium.

Autoradiography is an effective tool for the imaging of radionuclide distributions in various samples. In sophisticated applications with special preparation and development of sample-emulsion combinations and subsequent grain counts it can be highly quantitative, but it requires carefully controlled conditions and a variety of counter-checks, for example through scintillation spectroscopy. Less refined applications use X-ray films as detectors, and their seeming simplicity tends to invite artefacts and misinterpretations. Particular care needs to be taken, if one deals, or presumes to deal, with the low-energy beta-emitter tritium. Because of the short electron ranges the film must be in intimate contact with the sample, which tends to produce chemographic artefacts; without added spectroscopic measurements it is impossible to discriminate the spurious signals from a blackening of the film due to tritium. Recent statements concerning autoradiographic tritium measurements in tree samples have created considerable public concern and have demonstrated the pitfalls of uncritical use. This paper presents order-of-magnitude criteria for the detection threshold in the autoradiography of tritium; they can serve as an exclusion principle for some of the more extravagant misinterpretations.

Autoradiography↗

PubMed1993

Prevalence of coxarthrosis in former soccer players. 286 players compared with matched controls.

We compared the occurrence of coxarthrosis in 286 male former soccer players in Malmö with a mean age of 55 years with an age-matched control group. During the last decades about one fifth in both groups had been referred to hip radiography. Coxarthrosis occurred in 5.6 percent of the former soccer players and in 2.8 percent of the control group (P 0.04). Among the 71 élite soccer players the prevalence of coxarthrosis was 14 percent compared with 4.2 percent in age-matched controls and non-élite players. Elite soccer players apparently run an increased risk of developing coxarthrosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[The biologic interaction of movements in the shoulder joint of cats and dogs].

The shoulder joint is a free joint which enables the free forelimb to describe curves in space, in order to perform movements and for locomotion. The movements can be measured in three planes: flexion-extension, abduction-adduction and rotation. The extent of movement in the cat, the German Shepherd and the Dachshund are described and the efficacy for these species and breeds is discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Stromelysin, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases and proteoglycan fragments in human knee joint fluid after injury.

OBJECTIVE: To determine in a cross sectional study the concentrations of stromelysin, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP), and proteoglycan fragments in knee synovial fluid (SF) at different times after injury to cruciate ligament or meniscus. METHODS: Joint fluid samples were obtained from patients with knee injury diagnosed by arthroscopy. Concentrations of stromelysin-1 and TIMP-1 were determined by immunoassay with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Cartilage proteoglycan fragments were quantified by immunoassay with polyclonal antibodies or by dye precipitation. RESULTS: Average concentrations of stromelysin increased 40-fold in association with injury, and after about 6 months decreased to a plateau level about 10-fold increased compared to a reference group with healthy knees. TIMP and proteoglycan levels also increased in similar temporal patterns, but less markedly. Increased average SF levels of these markers were maintained for at least 17 years after injury. SF from knees with injury contained a 1.5 to 2.5 molar excess of stromelysin over TIMP, while reference joint fluids contained a 2-fold molar excess of TIMP over stromelysin. CONCLUSION: The persistent changes in SF markers after joint injury may be associated with the cartilage destruction and frequent development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis in this group of patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Functional and applied anatomy of the shoulder joint of the domestic cat].

The freedom of movement of the feline shoulder joint corresponds to that of a ball-and-socket joint, although the humeral head is not ball-shaped. The profiles of the humeral head and glenoid fossa were analysed with respect to their lines of movement in three planes of motion. The incongruity of the joint surfaces allows the variety of movements. Of clinical relevance are the description of a shoulder joint injection site and of the extent of joint movement in degrees.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

[Anatomic fundamentals and species-specific movements of the elbow joint and proximal radioulnar joint of domestic cats].

The elbow joint of the cat is more than a simple cylindrical joint and cannot be compared to that of the dog. The structure of the bone ends, arrangement of ligaments and the shapes of the joint surfaces, which are described individually, emphasize that the elbow joint, together with the proximal radioulnar joint, have an important role to play in feline-specific limb functions.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Cartilage matrix metabolism in osteoarthritis: markers in synovial fluid, serum, and urine.

Osteoarthritis is a major cause of disability and early retirement. Yet we lack the means to diagnose the disease in its early stages or to monitor the effects of treatment on the target tissue, the joint cartilage. Neither can we identify the disease mechanisms at the tissue or cell level. Current research focuses on the use of markers of cartilage matrix metabolism in body fluids as a means to diagnose and monitor osteoarthritis. Cartilage proteoglycan, collagen and glycoprotein fragments, as well as proteinases and their inhibitors, are being suggested for this purpose. Structural information on matrix molecule fragments released into body fluids may also help to identify the enzymes active in the destruction of the cartilage, a central issue in osteoarthritis.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

[Thr arteries of the male sex organs of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) and their development after hatching].

A total of 83 male Japanese quails of the following age groups were used for this study: 11, 18, 25, 32, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43 days, and 7, 9, 17 weeks after hatching. Neoprene-Latex, Tensol-Cement, and the china ink were injected via the aortic arch. In most of male Japanese quails, the testes are supplied by the A. testicularis originated from the Aorta descendens through a common trunk with the A. renalis cranialis. But in only 3 quails had this artery originated directly from the Aorta descendens on either side. In 9 quails had the A. testicularis accessoria originating independently from the Aorta descendens and running cranially or caudally in short distance to the normal A. testicularis. The arteries for the Ductus deferens were divided into 3 categories. The Rami ureterodeferentiales craniales were spread out from A. testicularis or Rami epididymales. The Rami ureterodeferentiales medii came from the A. renalis media and the A. renalis caudalis. The Rami ureterodeferentiales caudales originated from the A. caudae lateralis and A. pudenda. The Receptaculum ductus deferentis, the Corpus vasculare paracloacalis and the Phallus nonprotrudens in the Cloaca were supplied from the thick Ramus cloacalis of the A. pudenda. The Ramus bursalis of this artery supplied the Glandula proctodaealis and the Bursa cloacalis, and was also thick. The arteries to the genital organs were observed in the 11 day old male quail. The A. pudenda began developing at about 30 days after hatching when the quail's body matured. While the A. testicularis began developing at about 40 days after hatching when the male Japanese quail was full of the spermatogenic activity.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

[The biological valence of the motion in the radioulnar joints of the cat and dog].

Whereas Kolwe described and measured pronation and supination in the cat as early as 1920, the present study deals with rotation of the lower limb of the cat and dog from both comparative and functional aspects. Active supination predominates in cats during climbing and the capture of prey; in the canine passive supination and rotation of the lower limb are used in conjunction with directional changes involved in the chase. The difference in the extent of inward rotation between long- and short-legged breeds of dogs underscores this hypothesis.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Microdosimetry of diagnostic X rays: applications of the variance-covariance method.

Microdosimetric measurements in beams of diagnostic X rays (between 30 and 125 kV) have been performed. In these pulsed radiation fields, microdosimetric measurements are possible only by application of the variance-covariance technique. The dose mean lineal energy, yD, is determined for various simulated diameters, at different depths in the absorber, and at different points within the pulse intervals. From the measured temporal dependences one can also obtain values of yD for different X-ray pulse generators. The results demonstrate the potential of the variance-covariance method for a diversity of microdosimetric measurements in radiation protection and in the quality control of radiation beams.

Radiography↗

PubMed1991

Real-time biospecific interaction analysis using surface plasmon resonance and a sensor chip technology.

We report here the development and application of a biosensor-based technology that employs surface plasmon resonance for label-free studies of molecular interactions in real time. The sensor chip interface, comprising a thin layer of gold deposited on a glass support, is derivatized with a flexible hydrophilic polymer to facilitate the attachment of specific ligands to the surface and to increase the dynamic range for surface concentration measurements. The sensor can be used to measure surface concentrations down to 10 pg/mm2. Typical coefficients of variation are from two to five percent. We anticipate that the ability to monitor multi-molecular complexes as they form will greatly contribute to the understanding of biorecognition and the structural basis of molecular function.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1990

Normal course of events amongst Swedish soccer players: an 8-year follow-up study.

In this study 180 male soccer players entered into a prospective study of injuries in 1980. They were examined again in 1988. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the course of events during their active period. The study was carried out using a questionnaire. The importance of major injuries was evaluated. Hospital records were scrutinized and 179 of 180 (99 per cent) were included in the evaluation.

Adolescent↗