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Biomedical subjects

H Rothman

Publications and source records attributed to H Rothman.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

New genetics, new ethics? Globalisation and its discontents.

The paper discusses the rapid and significant development of new genetic technologies (in health, food and agriculture) in the theoretical context of the globalisation debate. We show how the studies on the ethical, legal and social implications of biotechnological innovation have themselves emerged as an important factor in the technological innovation and product development process. Ethical considerations are becoming integral to attempts to understand techno-scientific developments in late modernity. However, ethical studies have so far been more focused on the medical rather than the overall commercial application of genomics. Their relevance to this wider context of the globalised commodification of new genetics needs to be explored. Of special significance is the introduction of ethical considerations into the debates on globalised risk, which we will explore in relation to increasing disparities between the global North and South.

Biotechnology↗
PubMed1999

A resource kit for women with breast cancer: development and evaluation.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To describe the development and evaluation of the Resource Kit for Women With Breast Cancer, designed to facilitate adaptation to diagnosis, treatment, and recovery. DATA SOURCES: Distributed to more than 200 women with newly diagnosed breast cancer. Derived from the Roy Adaptation Model of Nursing and the literature. DATA SYNTHESIS: The kit may be helpful, particularly for women who are too overwhelmed by their situations to retain the vast amount of new information to which they are exposed. CONCLUSIONS: The kit has the potential to assist women to adapt physically, emotionally, functionally, and interpersonally by concisely combining numerous relevant resources in one place, thereby facilitating the location and review of specific information. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: The kit is a complete package that can be used independently of any professional support as a guide for women during individualized professional telephone support or as an adjunct to formal breast cancer support groups.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

Continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil plus weekly cisplatin for pancreatic carcinoma. A Mid-Atlantic Oncology Program study.

Fifty-six previously untreated patients with biopsy-proven, locally advanced or metastatic and measurable adenocarcinoma of the pancreas were treated with the combination of a protracted intravenous infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and low dose weekly bolus cisplatin administered continuously for 10 weeks followed by a 2-week rest period. The objective response rate was 16% with two patients (4%) achieving a complete response (confidence intervals, 8% to 29%). The median survival time for all treated patients was 5.8 months; however, 26% of all patients were alive at 1 year. Both median survival time and the proportion alive at 1 year exceed that of prior reports involving large patient groups, possibly due to better patient selection.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Effects of symbolic play intervention with children who have mental retardation.

The effects of intervention versus nonintervention on the length and diversity of symbolic behaviors in children with mental retardation (classified as trainable) were compared. Eight children were matched on several variables and divided into two groups. The experimental, intervention group received 10 therapy sessions that were focused on symbolic play development; the control, nonintervention group did not receive play intervention. Children in the experimental group demonstrated qualitative as well as quantitative changes in their symbolic play profile. Clinical implications of these findings were discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Epidemiology of Hodgkin's disease.

Hodgkin's disease, although a relatively uncommon malignancy, is one that frequently affects adolescents and young adults. The cure rate is very high; however, treatment for advanced-stage disease with chemotherapy or radiation therapy (or both) can lead to significant immediate and long-term morbidity, and, while rare, increased mortality from the development of secondary malignancies. There have been numerous epidemiologic reports citing a number of factors associated with the increased risk for the development of Hodgkin's disease. Many of these factors are related to environmental, socioeconomic, and genetic conditions. This report describes the development of Hodgkin's disease in two brothers and discusses factors associated with the increased risk of development of Hodgkin's disease, particularly in these cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Retinyl ester hydrolase of bovine retina and pigment epithelium: comparisons to the rat liver enzyme.

The hydrolysis of 3H-retinyl ester was examined in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and neural retina of cattle eyes and compared to that in homogenates of rat liver. The optimum pH for hydrolysis was 4.0-4.5 for RPE and 7.5-8.0 for liver. The RPE activity, which shows no variability between individual animals, is localized mainly in the lysosomal fraction of the cell. It is strongly inhibited by bile salts at concentrations as low as 0.2-0.5% and conversely, is strongly activated by Triton X-100, with maximum stimulation found at a concentration of approximately 1%. The apparent Vmax for hydrolysis of labeled retinyl ester in the RPE is 2.7 nmoles/hr/mg protein, a value approximately 1/150 to 1/200 of the rate of retinol esterification in these cells. Little or no hydrolytic activity could be detected in neural retina or in rod outer segments. Studies on the specificity of the RPE retinyl ester hydrolase activity revealed unexpectedly high hydrolytic activity toward both cholesteryl oleate and triolein, approximately 20 and 5 times greater, respectively, than in rat liver. The hydrolytic activity for cholesteryl oleate in the RPE was mainly at pH 3.5, while that for triolein showed three pH maxima, one at pH 4.5-5.0, a second near neutral pH and the third at pH 8. These findings reflect an active and complex pattern of fatty acyl ester lipid-metabolizing enzymes in cattle RPE whose interrelationships to one another require further clarification.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Lipofuscin of human retinal pigment epithelium.

Analysis of the fluorescent spectra of chloroform-methanol extracts of human retinal pigment epithelium confirmed the presence of lipofuscin pigments in the pigment epithelium of older individuals. Similar fractions in the pigment epithelium of young individuals were present in insufficient quantities for spectral analysis. Electron microscopy of the pigment epithelium of these eyes showed few or no lipofuscin granules in young eyes but large numbers in older eyes.

Adult↗