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Biomedical subjects

H Rouhiainen

Publications and source records attributed to H Rouhiainen.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

The effect of some treatment variables on long-term results of argon laser trabeculoplasty.

Eighty-five eyes of 75 patients were retrospectively followed up for 5 years after argon laser trabeculoplasty. The effects of some treatment and patients variables on the results of trabeculoplasty were assessed. The laser power level or visible burn effect on the chamber angle did not have any statistically significant impact on the success rate or degree of intra-ocular pressure (IOP) decrease. A statistically significant level was reached by the degree of chamber angle pigmentation and the number of pre-operative antiglaucomatous medication. In eyes where trabeculoplasty was given as primary therapy, the IOP decrease was greatest.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Controlled ocular timolol delivery: systemic absorption and intraocular pressure effects in humans.

Timolol eyedrops may cause systemic side-effects in glaucoma patients due to absorption of the drug into systemic circulation. In a previous study, timolol concentrations in plasma were reduced if timolol was administered in ocular inserts instead of eyedrops. We compared the intraocular pressure lowering effect and systemic absorption of timolol inserts to those of 0.5% timolol eyedrops in humans. Inserts of silicone tubing released 90.3 +/- 13.9 micrograms of timolol in 24 hours in vivo. Timolol inserts afforded similar decreases in intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma patients as did b.i.d. eyedrops, but produced lower peak timolol concentrations in plasma, 0.70 +/- 0.10 ng/ml and 0.24 +/- 0.05 ng/ml, respectively. After eyedrops, peak concentrations were achieved at 15.0 +/- 2.2 min, while application of an insert resulted in a delayed peak (tmax = 623 +/- 195 min). The insert resulted in a higher systemically absorbed fraction of the timolol dose than the eyedrop, but the peak timolol concentration and daily absorbed amount of timolol were decreased. The release rate of timolol from the inserts in vivo was only slightly less than that in vitro. Silicone devices are useful for clinical testing of controlled delivery properties of ocular drugs.

Absorption↗
PubMed1992

Presence of pseudoexfoliation on clear and opacified crystalline lenses in an aged population.

Pseudoexfoliation (PEX) of the lens capsule is a well-known risk factor for open-angle glaucoma. Its prevalence is known to increase by age in the same way as prevalence of age-dependent cataract. In the present paper the prevalence of PEX varied from 8.5 to 13.2% increasing by age. Lens opacities were statistically significantly more common in PEX-positive than PEX-negative eyes. The importance of detecting exfoliation from the lens surface is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Xanthogranuloma juvenile--a rare cause of orbital swelling in adulthood.

Juvenile xanthogranuloma, a non-Langerhans-type benign proliferation, in adulthood is a rare condition. This article reports the second known case in the western literature of solitary orbital involvement. The diagnosis was confirmed by orbital biopsy, and symptoms were dramatically relieved by corticoids, although a relapse occurred after their withdrawal. The importance of differentiating benign conditions from malignancies is discussed.

Edema↗
PubMed1992

Dexmedetomidine-induced ocular hypotension in rabbits with normal or elevated intraocular pressures.

This study covered the ocular hypotensive effects of the stereoisomers of the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist medetomidine. The dextro-isomer, dexmedetomidine, is known from pharmacologic experiments to be a specific, potent, and selective full agonist at alpha 2-adrenoceptors, whereas the levo-enantiomer seems to be almost inactive. Thus, the levo-isomer (0.5 mg/ml, 25 microliters) had no significant effect on intraocular pressure. After unilateral topical administration, dexmedetomidine (0.5 mg/ml, 25 microliters) lowered intraocular pressure bilaterally in normal rabbits and in rabbits with intraocular pressure elevated after laser irradiation of the pigmented trabecular band of the anterior chamber angle. In the treated (ipsilateral) eye of normal rabbits, a maximum decrease of 4.6 +/- 0.6 mmHg was observed at 2 hr post treatment. In the contralateral eye, the maximum decrease was 4.1 +/- 0.5 mmHg at 1 hr after treatment. In rabbits with laser-induced elevation of intraocular pressure, the maximum decrease in treated hypertensive eyes was 13.5 +/- 0.3 mmHg 1 hr after dexmedetomidine administration. These results indicate that the selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, dexmedetomidine, is a potent and effective drug for decreasing intraocular pressure in rabbits.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1991

Correlation of some ocular and hematologic factors and intraocular pressure in an aged population.

Ocular status including gonioscopy was performed on 833 volunteers in the Kuopio Eye Survey (KEYS). Some systemic factors including arterial blood pressure, body mass index, blood hemoglobin and glucose were also screened. In regression analysis only systolic blood pressure, grade of trabecular meshwork pigmentation and sex had a statistically significant correlation to intraocular pressure.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Pigmentation of the anterior chamber angle in normal and pseudoexfoliative eyes.

Anterior chamber angle pigmentation was gonioscopically graded in 833 persons recruited for the KEYS (Kuopio Eye Survey) during 1989. Pseudoexfoliation was observed in 8.5% in either eye from those born in 1924, the figure being 13.2% for those born in 1914. Anterior chamber angle pigmentation was found to be significantly heavier in eyes with pseudoexfoliation.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Incidence of open-angle glaucoma and screening of the intraocular pressure with a non-contact tonometer.

New equipment for measuring intraocular pressure have been introduced lately. One of these is the Keeler Pulsair non-contact tonometer which uses pressurized air in measurement. It is found to be safe and easy to use in practice, but it seems to give 1.5-2.0 mmHg lower reading than the Goldmann applanation tonometer. This was confirmed by the present study, where non-contact tonometry was controlled by applanation tonometry with a 2-3 week delay between the measurements. However, for screening procedures the accuracy of the apparatus can be considered as sufficient.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Kuopio eye survey (KEYS).

Mass health screenings for the elderly have been undertaken in Kuopio since 1983. Three different age groups, 65, 70 and 75 years old are called for examination so that each group is examined at 5-year intervals. In 1989 an ophthalmologic examination was included in the protocol for those born in 1914 and 1924. A total number of 1133 persons were recruited, 833 (73.5%) of which actually participated in the study. Cataract was found to be the most frequent visual handicapper. Of participants with visual acuity less than 0.3 at least in one eye, cataract was observed in 41.7% of the younger and in 91.1% of the older group. Age-dependent macular degeneration and glaucoma were less frequent than cataract. Visual acuity of less than 0.3 in the better eye was observed in 5.5% of the older group.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Co-existence of empty sella syndrome and low tension glaucoma.

In 15 low-tension glaucoma patients computed tomography of the head was re-evaluated in order to find the possible empty-sella syndrome. Fourteen CT-scans were normal, and empty sella was found in one patient with progressive low tension glaucoma. The possible role of empty sella syndrome in glaucomatous visual field defects is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Repeated 50 burn/180 degree argon laser trabeculoplasty.

Thirty-five repeated 50-spot/180 degree argon laser trabeculoplasties (ALT) are prospectively compared to as many first ALT's. The distribution of the treatment variables possibly affecting the results was almost identical between the two groups. The postoperative intraocular pressure decrease was statistically significant in both groups but it was significantly smaller in the re-ALT group as compared with the pressure reduction taking place in the group receiving their first ALT.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Corneal endothelial cell density after trabeculoplasty.

Central corneal endothelial photographs were taken with a specular microscope. The cell density was calculated with a computerized image analyzer. No difference between the treated and control eyes could be found. The laser energy level delivered in trabeculoplasty seems to be too small to induce any permanent changes in the endothelial cells.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Low power argon laser trabeculoplasty.

Sixty-seven consecutive argon laser trabeculoplasties to as many patients were retrospectively followed-up for 3 to 12 (mean 7) months. The laser power used was substantially lower than originally proposed by Wise & Witter (1979) ranging from 100 mW to 500 mW. Factors influencing the outcome of low power trabebuloplasty were evaluated. The statistical analysis of the data was performed using multiple regression analysis, analysis of variance, t-test and chi 2-test. The mean success rate remained relatively low (33%). In the high power capsular glaucoma group it was 50%.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

The laser power needed for optimum results in argon laser trabeculoplasty.

Ninety-five successive argon laser trabeculoplasties to as many patients were followed 6 to 18 (mean 8) months. Forty-eight eyes had capsular glaucoma and 35 simple glaucoma. The power used ranged from 100 mW to 1000 mW and the total energy from 1.0 J to 5.0 J. The success rates between groups were tested with a chi 2-test. With laser power of more than 500 mW and energy level more than 3.0 J, the success rates were maximal (77% and 75%).

Glaucoma↗
PubMed1983

Penetration of metronidazole and tinidazole into the aqueous humor in man.

500 mg of metronidazole or tinidazole were given as a 20-min infusion each to 10 patients who were hospitalized for elective cataract extraction. Metronidazole and tinidazole concentrations in aqueous humor were 5.2 +/- (SE) 0.5 and 5.3 +/- 0.7 micrograms/ml, respectively, 20-70 min after the end of the infusion. Aqueous humor/serum concentration ratios were 0.38 and 0.47 on the average for metronidazole and tinidazole, respectively.

Aged↗