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Biomedical subjects

H Rudorf

Publications and source records attributed to H Rudorf.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Ultrasonographic evaluation of the thickness of the small intestinal wall in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease.

OBJECTIVES: To establish whether the intestinal wall thickness, as measured ultrasonographically, is significantly increased in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The results would provide the information necessary to decide whether measurement of ultrasonographic wall thickness can predict IBD in dogs. METHODS: The intestinal wall thickness of 75 dogs with idiopathic IBD, as measured by ultrasonography, was compared with recently published normal values. IBD was either confirmed histologically (n = 54) or suspected (n = 21). In all cases there was a positive response to immunosuppressive treatment. RESULTS: A positive association between intestinal wall thickness in dogs and either the histological diagnosis or the response to treatment was not found. Ultrasonographic intestinal wall measurements do not appear to be able to establish a diagnosis of intestinal inflammation and may result in a false negative diagnosis in cases of IBD. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The same 'grey zone' of between 4 and 6 mm used in humans can be used in the canine duodenum to distinguish the normal range, reserving the term 'abnormal' for an intestinal measurement greater than 6 mm in the duodenum and greater than 4.7 mm in the jejunum.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Thoracic high-resolution computed tomography in the diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma.

Three dogs were presented for investigation of recurrent pyrexia of unknown origin, chronic vomiting and respiratory distress, respectively. One dog was markedly underweight and the other two were cachexic. Physical examination and initial diagnostic tests failed to establish the underlying cause of the presenting signs. Thoracic radiographs were within normal limits for the age of the dog. In each case there was a high index of suspicion for an occult neoplastic process in view of the profound unexplained weight loss present. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the thorax was performed. The lung fields were divided into three zones for analysis and a novel classification scheme was used to describe the HRCT findings in each zone. Postmortem examination and histopathology confirmed the presence of an infiltrating metastatic carcinoma in all three cases. The HRCT changes correlated closely with the pathological findings. The authors conclude that HRCT of the lung should be considered for pulmonary metastatic screening in the dog and introduce a classification system for HRCT findings, based on terminology used in human medicine.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed2002

Syncope associated with paroxysmal atrioventricular block an ventricular standstill in a cat.

A four-and-a-half-year-old neutered male shorthair cat was presented with a three-week history of episodic fainting. Twenty-four hour electrocardiographic (Holter) recording revealed frequent prolonged episodes of complete atrioventricular (AV) block with ventricular standstill. The fainting episodes coincided with the longest periods of ventricular inactivity. A permanent transjugular pacemaker was placed to prevent further life-threatening episodes of syncope. Three months after discharge, the patient was re-presented with sudden onset dyspnoea associated with chylothorax and electrocardiography showed a third degree (complete) AV block. The pacemaker was reprogrammed in view of the third degree AV block and the chylous effusion was successfully treated by repeated thoracocentesis and long-term diuresis. However, the patient's general condition deteriorated progressively and the cat was euthanased five and a half months after implantation of the pacemaker.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Prevalence of polycystic kidney disease in Persian cats in the United Kingdom.

The prevalence of polycystic kidney disease was assessed in 132 Persian cats, 46 of them referred for the investigation and treatment of medical or surgical conditions, and 86 apparently healthy cats referred specifically to be screened for the disease. Cats referred for the investigation of renomegaly or renal failure were excluded, and cats under 10 months old were only included if they had been examined postmortem. One hundred and twenty-six of the cats were examined ultrasonographically with a 7.5 MHz sector scanner, and the other six cats were examined postmortem. Forty-nine of the 86 cats referred specifically for screening (57.0 per cent) and 16 of the 46 cats referred for other clinical reasons (34.8 per cent) were affected by the disease, giving an overall prevalence of 49.2 per cent.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2000

Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis presenting as acute blindness 36 months after importation into the UK.

A four-year-old Labrador retriever developed sudden-onset blindness, associated with bilateral uveitis, intraocular haemorrhage and retinal detachment. It had been imported into the UK from Sardinia 36 months before presentation. Haematological abnormalities included non-regenerative anaemia, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. Serum and urine protein electrophoresis demonstrated a monoclonal gammopathy. An immunofluorescent antibody test for Ehrlichia canis was positive, with a titre of 1:320, confirming a diagnosis of chronic monocytic ehrlichiosis. This case highlights how the prolonged subclinical phase of monocytic ehrlichiosis could enable infected dogs to enter the UK without signs of disease. Chronic monocytic ehrlichiosis should be considered in dogs which have been imported from E canis-endemic countries and present with bleeding disorders and gammopathy, even if signs develop many years after importation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

Ultrasonographic diagnosis of a laryngeal cyst in a cat.

The ultrasonographic appearance, surgical treatment and pathological classification of a laryngeal cyst in a four-year-old cat is described. This is the first description of such a cyst diagnosed with the help of ultrasonography. The cat presented with dyspnoea and respiratory noise. An intraluminal fluid-filled cyst attached to the vocal cord was identified by ultrasonography and drained under ultrasound guidance. The cyst recurred three weeks later and ultrasonography showed an increase in size compared to the previous examination. There was no evidence of recurrence of the lesion 18 months after surgical removal.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Prostatic carcinoma in two cats.

Clinical, radiological and pathological features of two cats with prostatic carcinoma are reported. In both cats the presenting history included signs of lower urinary tract disease with haematuria and dysuria. Prostatomegaly was visible radiographically in one cat; an irregular intraprostatic urethra was seen on retrograde contrast urethrography in both cats. In one of the cats, neoplasia was suspected on the basis of a transurethral catheter biopsy. Following a poor response to palliative treatment in both cases, euthanasia was performed with histological confirmation of the diagnosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Use of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of tracheal collapse.

Ultrasonographic imaging of the cervical trachea was performed with the neck in both a neutral and a hyperextended position in 10 dogs with tracheal collapse. Tracheoscopy was used to confirm a diagnosis of tracheal collapse. The ultrasound investigation was repeated in 10 dogs of similar size but without tracheal abnormality. The ultrasonographic findings of the affected dogs were compared with those of the normal group and showed an alteration in the shape of the tracheal lumen in the ventrodorsal projection. This study highlights the possibility of identifying changes in the shape of the tracheal lumen during ultrasound investigations as an aid to the diagnosis of tracheal collapse.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Ultrasonographic imaging of the tongue and larynx in normal dogs.

Ultrasonographic imaging of the tongue and larynx was performed in 10 dogs with no previous history of upper airway disease. The ultrasonographic findings were compared with the normal canine anatomy of this area and with the results described in the human literature. This study shows that the anatomical features of the canine larynx are adequately detectable using ultrasonography. This finding is in accordance with the findings described in the human literature. It is concluded that ultrasonography may offer a means of investigating canine laryngeal abnormalities.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Malignant histiocytosis in three Bernese mountain dogs.

Malignant histiocytosis is a rare disease which is characterised by the neoplastic proliferation of tissue macrophages (histiocytes) leading to excessive phagocytosis of erythrocytes. The clinical signs and pathological findings in three Bernese mountain dogs are described. Two of the dogs had the same sire. The disease has been established as a familial problem in Bernese mountain dogs in other countries, although it has not been previously recorded in the United Kingdom.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Techniques for radiation protection in the radiography of small animals].

Effective radiation protection demands that radiographic personnel should employ manual restraint of small animal patients only in exceptional circumstances. This publication describes methods and aids for restraint of small animals for some of the most frequently used projections. Suggestions for suitable sedation are also given.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrasonography of laryngeal masses in six cats and one dog.

Ultrasonography of laryngeal abnormalities in small animals allows the identification of laryngeal masses because of the resulting distortion of normal structural/anatomical relationships. It also allows fine-needle aspirates to be taken with minimal risk of causing hemorrhage or edema affecting the already narrowed laryngeal lumen. Findings in six cats and one dog with laryngeal abnormalities are described.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrasonographic examination of the pharynx and larynx of the normal dog.

Real-time ultrasonographic examination of the canine larynx was performed in 12 normal dogs using a 7.5-mHz mechanical sector scanner combined with a stand-off. A variety of breeds and ages were examined. All examinations were performed in nonsedated, conscious animals. Transverse scans were found to provide the most reliable and interpretable images. Identification of laryngeal structures included the epiglottis, laryngeal and cricoid cartilages, and the vocal cords. In conscious animals, abduction and adduction of the vocal cords associated with respiration could be identified if the animal was made to pant during the examination. Movement of the vocal cords could also be quantified by pulse-wave Doppler recording. In all animals, recordings were made during inspiration only, with muscular vibration at a rate less than 0.1 m/s.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of ultrasound in the assessment of laryngeal paralysis in the dog.

Forty dogs with clinical signs suggestive of upper respiratory tract disease underwent echolaryngography and laryngoscopy. Laryngoscopy was used as the definitive technique to diagnose laryngeal paralysis. The ultrasound investigation accurately indicated the presence of the paralysis and confirmed the uni- or bilateral nature of the disorder. Findings indicative of laryngeal paralysis included asymmetry or absence of motion of the cuneiform processes (30/30), abnormal arytenoid movement (16/30), paradoxical movement (9/30), caudal displacement of the larynx (2/30) and laryngeal collapse (1/30). Thirty dogs were found to be afflicted with laryngeal paralysis and ten had normal laryngeal motility.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Radiographic progression of osteoarthritis of the canine stifle joint: a prospective study.

A radiographic scoring system for features of osteoarthritis of the canine stifle joint was devised. Intra- and inter-rater agreement was assessed by calculation of unweighted kappa statistics. "Global score," "effusion," "osteophytosis," and "intra-articular mineralization" were all features that had acceptable reliability, but "subchondral sclerosis" did not. The scoring system was used in a 13-month prospective study of the radiographic progression of osteoarthritis of the stifle joint, secondary to cranial cruciate ligament deficiency, in 58 dogs. In the index stifle joints all features were characterized by significant change over time, but osteophytosis had the greatest degree of change. In addition, 40% of contralateral joints showed progressive osteophytosis.

Animals↗