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Biomedical subjects

H S Brand

Publications and source records attributed to H S Brand.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

The oral health status of dentate patients with chronic renal failure undergoing dialysis therapy.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the oral health status of chronic renal failure (CRF) patients on renal replacement therapy with a matched reference population. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: Forty-two dentate CRF patients--aged 25-52 years old--were matched with a reference group of 808 dentate subjects. METHODS: The oral health was assessed using decayed missing filled (DMF) indices, simplified oral hygiene index and periodontal status. An oral health questionnaire was used to assess self-reported dental problems. Student t-tests and chi-square tests were performed to compare the CRF patients with the controls. RESULTS: All index-scores in the CRF patients were comparable with the controls except for number of teeth covered with calculus that was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in CRF patients (4.1 +/- 2.6) than in controls (3.0 +/- 2.9). The self-reported oral health questionnaire revealed a trend for increased temporomandibular complaints in CRF patients (16.7%vs 5.7% in controls; P = 0.06) as well as bad taste (31.0%vs 6.8% in controls, P = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS: For most dental aspects, the oral health of CRF patients is comparable with controls.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Medical-dental interaction].

Dentists are frequently faced with medical problems and physicians are often consulted by patients with dental problems. This special issue of the Dutch Dental Journal describes several examples of medical-dental interaction elucidating the importance of this topic. In addition, a series of papers on subjects with medical as well as dental aspects will be published in future issues of this journal on a regular basis.

Dentist-Patient Relations↗
PubMed2006

[The importance of adequate medical history taking in dentistry].

A patient's medical history is a vital part of his or her dental history and increases the dentist's awareness of diseases and medication which might interfere with the patient's dental treatment. This article describes the essential characteristics of a solid medical history, according to the Dutch Guidelines for Dental Education published in 1997. In future the importance of patients' medical histories will increase along with the number of medically complex patients who visit the dental general practice.

Dentistry↗
PubMed2006

[Saliva: more than just a factor in oral health].

Several salivary proteins are involved in the antimicrobial defence within the oral cavity, and are able to eliminate or inhibit a great number of microorganisms that enter the body via the oral cavity. Thus changes in the composition of saliva may not only affect people's oral health, but also have consequences for their general health. Based on salivary proteins, antimicrobial peptides have been synthesized. Potentially, these could be used as a new class of antibiotics. The antimicrobial peptides are hardly cytotoxic to human cells and do not evoke any or only very little resistence in microorganisms.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed2006

[Oral health in patients with chronic renal failure].

In The Netherlands the incidence of chronic renal failure is approximately 1 in 10.000. In this review the causes of chronic renal failure and the medical treatment using hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis or kidney transplantation, are discussed. Moreover, an overview of the oral manifestations of chronic renal failure and the implications for dental treatment is given.

Humans↗
PubMed2006

[New guidelines for basic life support].

The European Resuscitation Council has developed new guidelines for adult Basic Life Support. These guidelines will be introduced in The Netherlands in August 2006. The most important changes in the new guidelines include the recommendations to begin resuscitation when the victim is unconscious, does not respond and is not breathing normally; to start with cardiac massage; to insufflate for about 1 second at a time; to place the hand directly onto the centre of the victim's chest; and to resuscitate at a ratio of 30 cardiac compressions to 2 insufflations.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation↗
PubMed2005

Oral aspects of porphyria.

Porphyria is a diverse group of diseases in which the biosynthesis of heme is disrupted by either genetic defects or environmental factors. This review gives an overview of the different types of porphyria and describes possible causes, clinical signs, diagnosis and therapy. In addition, the oral manifestations of porphyria and the potential implications of the disease for dental management are discussed.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2005

Cocaine abuse: orofacial manifestations and implications for dental treatment.

Millions of individuals in Europe and the United States use cocaine regularly. Use of cocaine may have several orofacial effects such as perforation of nasal septum and palate, gingival lesions and erosion of tooth surfaces. Recent use of cocaine may also increase medical risks during dental treatment, especially when local anaesthetics with epinephrine or epinephrine-impregnated retraction cords are used. Therefore, it is recommended to postpone dental treatment at least 6 to 24 hours after the use of cocaine.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Oral and maxillofacial manifestations of familial adenomatosis polyposis. Gardner's syndrome].

Patients suffering from familial adenomatosis polyposis develop multiple pre-malignant gastrointestinal polyps and are at high risk of developing colon cancer. In addition extra-intestinal manifestations are observed frequently. The combination of extra-intestinal manifestations and familial adenomatosis polyposis is named Gardner's syndrome. An early diagnosis of this disease is important because it could mean a better prognosis for the patient. This review describes the oral and maxillofacial symptoms of FAP, and its potential implications for dental treatment.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2005

[Obesity and oral health].

Obesity has a prevalence of approximately 10% among Dutch adults. It is a chronic, incurable disease with a high mortality and co-morbidity. The co-morbidity can be reduced significantly by a sustained moderate weight loss (5-15%). The main cause of obesity is an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. The primary treatment combines dietary education, behaviour modification and increased physical activity, followed by pharmacotherapy or surgery when necessary. Obesity is related to several aspects of oral health, such as caries, periodontitis and xerostomia. In addition, obesity may have implications for dental treatment.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

Family 2 cystatins inhibit osteoclast-mediated bone resorption in calvarial bone explants.

Osteoclastic bone resorption depends on the activity of various proteolytic enzymes, in particular those belonging to the group of cysteine proteinases. Biochemical studies have shown that cystatins, naturally occurring inhibitors of these enzymes, inhibit bone matrix degradation. Since the mechanism by which cystatins exert this inhibitory effect is not completely resolved yet, we studied the effect of cystatins on bone resorption microscopically and by Ca-release measurements. Calvarial bone explants were cultured in the presence or absence of family 2 cystatins and processed for light and electron microscopic analysis, and the culture media were analyzed for calcium release. Both egg white cystatin and human cystatin C decreased calcium release into the medium significantly. Microscopic analyses of the bone explants demonstrated that in the presence of either inhibitor, a high percentage of osteoclasts was associated with demineralized non-degraded bone matrix. Following a 24-h incubation in the presence of cystatin C, 41% of the cells were adjacent to areas of demineralized non-degraded bone matrix, whereas in controls, this was only 6%. If bone explants were cultured with both PTH and cystatin C, 60% of the osteoclasts were associated with demineralized non-degraded bone matrix, compared to 27% for bones treated with PTH only (P < 0.01). Our study provides evidence that cystatins, the naturally occurring inhibitors of cysteine proteinases, reversibly inhibit bone matrix degradation in the resorption lacunae adjacent to osteoclasts. These findings suggest the involvement of cystatins in the modulation of osteoclastic bone degradation.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Preferences and saliva stimulation of eight different chewing gums.

OBJECTIVES: Chewing gums have been studied for clinical use to stimulate the salivary flow rate in healthy and diseased individuals. However, differences in preferences of chewing gums may influence patient compliance during long-term use. Therefore, we compared the effect of several chewing gums on the flow rate of whole saliva and pH, and investigated the preferences of these gums. METHODS: 83 healthy subjects participated in the first part of the study. Both parafilm-stimulated and chewing gum-stimulated whole saliva from 8 different chewing gums was collected and salivary flow rate and pH were determined. In another group of 112 healthy subjects, we investigated the preferences for the chewing gums with a 10-item questionnaire. RESULTS: All gums had comparable effects on salivary flow rate and pH. The average increase in flow rate was 187% during the first minute of chewing compared with parafilm stimulation. After 10 minutes of gum chewing, the amount of saliva was equal to parafilm stimulation. The questionnaire showed differences in preferences for the chewing gums, which were related to taste and gum shape. Gender interactions were observed for sparkling taste (p = 0.019), total judgement (p = 0.047) and the willingness to use the gum for several weeks (p = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS: Although all chewing gums stimulated the salivary flow rate equally, the observed differences in preferences may influence long-term compliance. Therefore, we recommend that chewing gums are tested before the start of clinical studies, to identify the most accepted chewing gum for specific groups of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[A patient with Prader-Willi syndrome. Characteristics, oral consequences and treatment options].

A dentist referred a 32-year-old man with the Prader-Willi syndrome to a center for special dental care because of the poor cooperation of the patient, progressive toothwear and advanced palatal trauma. The dental problems were, among others, caused by the disto-relation (Class II-2), a poor oral hygiene, the frequency of sugar intake, oesophageal reflux and a strongly reduced salivary pH of 5.5. Treatment of the dentition was established by minimal invasive and adhesive dentistry.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Oral aspects of porphyria].

Porphyria is a disease of specific enzymes in the biosynthesis of heme, caused by either genetic defects or environmental factors. This review of the literature presents the different types of porphyria and describes their possible causes, clinical signs, diagnosis and therapy. In addition, oral findings observed in patients with porphyria and the potential implications of the disease for dental treatment are discussed.

Dental Care↗
PubMed2004

[Effects of cocaine use on oral health and implications for dental treatment].

In The Netherlands, an increasing number of people use cocaine frequently, which may induce orofacial complications such as perforation of the nasal septum and palate, gingival lesions and dental erosion. In addition, recent use of cocaine increases the risk of cardiovascular complications during dental treatment, especially when local anaesthetics or adrenaline-impregnated retraction cords are used. Therefore, dental treatment should be postponed at least 6 to 24 hours after the use of cocaine.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗