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Biomedical subjects

H S Moon

Publications and source records attributed to H S Moon.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

New simple endoscopic operations for interstitial pregnancies.

OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to report a new approach of endoscopic management (endoloop and encircling suture methods) for interstitial or cornual pregnancy and to determine the safety and effectiveness of these procedures and their effects on subsequent pregnancies. STUDY DESIGN: This is an uncontrolled retrospective review of 24 patients treated for interstitial pregnancies through endoscopic operations with 14 to 72 months of follow-up at a large urban medical center. Blood loss, operation time, changes of serum human chorionic gonadotropin levels, the resumption of menstruation, and subsequent pregnancy after operation were analyzed. RESULTS: Among 24 interstitial pregnancies, 3 had ruptured at the time of operation and 21 had not ruptured. Treatment consisted of either the vasopressin and electric cauterization method, the endoloop before evacuation of the conceptus method, or the encircling suture before evacuation of the conceptus method. The blood loss and operation time (mean +/- SD) for unruptured cases were 133 +/- 134 mL and 51.6 +/- 7.6 minutes in the vasopressin and electric cauterization group (n = 3), 32 +/- 22 mL and 28.5 +/- 6.4 minutes in the endoloop group (n = 15), and 40 +/- 17 mL and 35.0 +/- 5.0 minutes in the encircling suture group (n = 3). In 3 patients with ruptured pregnancy treated with the endoloop method, the blood loss and operation time (mean +/- SD) were 1100 +/- 854 mL and 82.5 +/- 51.6 minutes. Any of these operative methods resulted in rapid decline of serum human chorionic gonadotropin levels within 1 week with the exception of 1 case, in which the endoloop method was used; this patient needed additional treatment with methotrexate. Seventeen patients desired pregnancy in the future, and 15 eventually became pregnant. One of these 15 pregnancies ended in an ectopic pregnancy on the opposite side 6 months after the interstitial pregnancy. Three ended in a spontaneous abortion, and 11 were delivered by elective cesarean section at term before labor started. Operative records of cesarean section in 8 patients delivered at our institution showed little or no adhesions or defect in the cornual area of the previous operation. CONCLUSION: The endoloop method and the encircling suture method are simple, safe, effective, and nearly bloodless. There were no uterine ruptures in the pregnancies subsequent to these methods of endoscopic management.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in probable Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a clinical-anatomic correlation.

BACKGROUND: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare transmissible disease that typically causes a rapidly progressive dementia and leads to death in less than 1 year. Although a few anecdotal reports suggest that diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging may help substantiate premortem diagnosis of CJD, detailed correlation between radiographic data and clinical, electrophysiologic, and metabolic parameters is not available. METHODS: Signal abnormalities on diffusion-weighted images in 3 consecutive patients with probable CJD were correlated with psychometric features, electroencephalographic findings, and functional images with either positron emission tomography or single photon emission computed tomography. RESULTS: Focality of abnormalities on diffusion-weighted image, not apparent on routine magnetic resonance images, correlated closely with clinical manifestations of CJD. The topographic distribution of signal abnormality on diffusion-weighted image corresponded with abnormal metabolism or perfusion on positron emission and single photon emission computed tomographic scans. In 2 cases, the laterality of diffusion abnormalities correlated with periodic sharp wave activity on electroencephalograms. CONCLUSION: These findings extend previous observations that suggested a diagnostic and localizing utility of diffusion-weighted imaging in CJD.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

The effect of nitric oxide on sperm cell function and embryo development.

PROBLEM: Nitric oxide (NO) has been known to have multifunctional roles both in the male and female reproductive systems. We investigated the effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-dependent NO release on sperm cell function and embryo development to elucidate the mechanisms of action of NO. METHOD OF STUDY: Semen samples from 20 healthy men were processed by the swim-up method. Sperm motility, hyperactivation, and acrosome reaction were examined following incubation with various concentrations of SNP. The concentration of 10 nM to 1 mM was used for sperm motility and hyperactivation measurement and 1 microM to 1 mM for examining the effect on acrosome reaction. Embryo development to blastocyst stage was assessed using 100 nM to 1 mM of SNP added before transferring the mouse embryos into the culture medium. Finally, to understand the mechanism of action of NO, changes in embryo development were examined after zygotes were treated with various concentrations ranging up to 1 mM of 8-bromo-cGMP, an analog of cGMP. RESULTS: Both sperm motility and hyperactivation were significantly reduced at 100 microM and 1 mM concentrations of SNP after 6 hr of incubation. After 24 hr of incubation, they were greatly decreased with all, except the 10 nM concentration of SNP. The percentage of acrosomal-reacted spermatozoa was increased with the increasing concentration of SNP following incubation with 10 microM and 1 mM of SNP. Embryo development was arrested since the two-cell embryonic stage with all except the 100 nM concentration of SNP, and inhibited by 200 microM of SNP regardless of SNP treatment stage. However, embryo development was not influenced by 8-bromo-cGMP. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that SNP-inhibited sperm cell function and embryo development in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and the inhibitory effect on embryo development, may not be a stage-specific treatment mediated via a cGMP-independent pathway. This result suggests that NO may be enough to affect the fecundity potential in vivo.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1998

Syntheses and cytotoxicities of four stereoisomers of muricatacin from D-glucose.

Four stereoisomers of muricatacin 1a-d were prepared by the reaction of corresponding aldehydes 4a-d, which in turn were prepared from D-glucose, with the anion of triethylphosphonoacetate followed by reduction and cyclization under acidic conditions. Cytotoxicities of four stereoisomers were tested against in vitro A-549 cell line as well as MCF-7 cell line. Stereochemistry at C4 and C5 position of muricatacin did not affect the cytotoxicities significantly.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1998

Korean dental hygienists' knowledge and opinions about etiology and prevention of dental caries.

OBJECTIVES: Because of their formal education Korean dental hygienists have the potential to be the primary source of information on caries prevention for patients and the general public, and influence the use and adoption of caries preventive procedures. The purposes of this study were to determine the knowledge and opinions about caries etiology and prevention among Korean dental hygienists, and to describe associated factors. METHODS: A pre-tested, 20-item questionnaire was mailed to 1120 dental hygienists selected by stratified random sampling and allocated proportionately. A postcard reminder was sent to all dental hygienists after 1 week. Non-respondents were sent additional complete mailings after 3 and 7 weeks. The response rate was 77% (n=863). RESULTS: Analysis of six factors thought to be related to knowledge about caries etiology and prevention showed that dental hygienists who were taught to provide oral health education and believe that it is desirable to practice oral health education during dental hygiene school and those employed in health centers were likely to be more knowledgeable about caries etiology and prevention than other hygienists (P<0.05). In regression analysis of the perceived effectiveness of caries preventive procedures, hygienists who provided oral health education during their formal training tended to rate caries preventive procedures as being more effective than other dental hygienists (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the results of this study suggest that most dental hygienists do not have up-to-date information on the etiology and prevention of dental caries, mechanisms of action of fluoride and effectiveness of preventive procedures. Efforts to increase the level of knowledge of Korean dental hygienists about caries prevention should focus on strategies to educate dental hygienists who have not been taught to provide oral health education, who do not have favorable opinions about the desirability of oral health education, and who had no experience with providing oral health education as part of their work, especially hygienists working in private clinics. Further, these efforts should include the revision of dental hygiene curricula and continuing education courses.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Maryland adults' knowledge of oral cancer and having oral cancer examinations.

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to determine (1) knowledge of risk factors for oral cancer, (2) knowledge of signs and symptoms of oral cancers, and (3) factors associated with having had an oral cancer examination among 916 Maryland adults 18 years of age and older. METHODS: A statewide, random-digit dial, computer-assisted telephone survey was conducted. The pretested instrument consisted of 32 questions that required 12 minutes to complete. RESULTS: Overall, level of knowledge about risk factors for and signs and symptoms of oral cancers was low; misinformation was high. Although 85 percent reported hearing about oral or mouth cancer, only 28 percent of the respondents reported having had an oral cancer examination. Of these, 20 percent had the exam during the past year--the recommended frequency for persons 40 years of age or older. In logistic regression analysis, adults more likely to have had an oral cancer examination included those who thought personal behavior causes more cancer than environmental factors; had more knowledge about risk factors for oral cancer; and were 40-64 years of age, white, and better educated than their counterparts (P < .05). The primary reasons for not having an exam were "no reason/didn't know I should" and "doctor/dentist didn't recommend." CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate a need for interventions designed to increase knowledge levels of risk factors for, signs, and symptoms of oral cancers and the need for oral cancer examinations; and to increase oral cancer examinations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Inhibitory effect of anaphylactic reaction of Sosiho-Tang.

Mast cells synthesize and secrete chemical mediators which play an central role in anaphylactic reactions. Compound 48/80 is a condensation product of formaldehyde with paramethoxyphenylethylamine that reliably induces the release of chemical mediators in the mast cell granules. Aggregation of the high-affinity Fc receptor also stimulates the mast cells. The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of Sosiho-Tang (SS-Tang) on mast cell-mediated anaphylactic reaction. SS-Tang completely inhibited systemic anaphylaxis induced by compound 48/80 in mice. SS-Tang inhibited local anaphylaxis induced by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE. In addition SS-Tang concentration-dependently inhibited histamine release in mast cells induced by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. These results indicate that SS-Tang may contain compounds with actions that inhibit mast cell degranulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Overdose of vincristine: experience with a patient.

Vincristine, referred to as a vinka alkaloid, has been used as a component of the various chemotherapeutic regimens. The major side effects of the usual dosage of vincristine are bone marrow suppression, gastrointestinal disorder, and neurotoxicity. A 53-year-old cervical cancer patient received 14 mg (4 mg/m2/day for 2 days) of vincristine instead of vinblastine because of the similarity between the two names. Then life threatening toxicities including paresthesias, bone marrow depression, severe oral mucositis, paralytic ileus, bladder atony, myalgia, muscle weakness, high fever, derangements of various organs (liver, heart), hypertension, and insomnia were encountered. But hypotension and syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) were not observed. Other than paresthesias in the extremities, the patient recovered completely from toxic impairments with intensive symptomatic and supportive care. In order to prevent the administration of the overdosed drug, it would be advisable for chemotherapy to be administered only by an experienced physician who is able to check the dose and concentration.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic↗
PubMed1997

Iatrogenic secondary infertility caused by residual intrauterine fetal bone after midtrimester abortion.

Eleven women with secondary infertility had ultrasonographic findings of intrauterine calcification. Infertility developed in all women after operative termination of midtrimester pregnancy. Dilation and curettage or hysteroscopic removal confirmed residual fetal bony fragments. The removal of these bony fragments was associated with therapeutic success for infertility.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1997

Construction of hepatitis C-SIN virus recombinants with replicative dependency on hepatitis C virus serine protease activity.

An in vivo assay system was developed for the serine protease of hepatitis C virus (HCV) using the sindbis (SIN) viral replication system in which HCV serine protease activity is essential for the replication of the HCV-SIN chimeric virus. Two chimeric viral cDNA clones were constructed by inserting the NS3/4A region and NS3/4A region with the putative helicase deleted, into the N-terminal region of SIN core protein. The constructs were named Tpro CT and Tpro T, respectively. BHK-21 cells transfected with the in vitro transcribed RNAs from Tpro CT and Tpro T showed specific cytopathic morphology and produced chimeric viruses, Vpro CT and Vpro T. In contrast, in vitro transcribed RNAs from Tpro CTI and Tpro TI, in which serine of catalytic triad of HCV protease was changed to alanine, were not infectious. When the chimeric viruses were passaged in BHK-21 cells at about 0.1 multiplicity of infection (MOI), Vpro T, but not Vpro CT, stably expressed HCV protease for up to five passages. Surprisingly, the cell culture media of BHK-21 cells infected with Vpro T, compared to wild-type sindbis virus, showed rapid pH changes by more than 0.8 pH degree at 72 h post-infection. HCV-SIN hybrid viruses could be used in screening the HCV protease-inhibitor in cell culture systems.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Bicyclomycin and dihydrobicyclomycin inhibition kinetics of Escherichia coli rho-dependent transcription termination factor ATPase activity.

The primary site of action for the novel antibiotic, bicyclomycin, in Escherichia coli has been identified to be the rho transcription termination factor. The inhibition of rho poly(C)-stimulated hydrolysis of ATP by bicyclomycin has been found to proceed by a non-competitive, reversible pathway with respect to ATP (Ki = 20 microM). Inhibition by dihydrobicyclomycin was similar (Ki = 75 microM). No change in the inhibitory properties of the antibiotic was observed under the assay conditions with the two rho mutants, Cys202Gly and Cys202Ser, indicating that Cys-202 does not affect drug binding to rho. Prolonged incubation (32 degrees C, 12 h) of wild-type rho with bicyclomycin (20 mM) led to protein degradation and a slow, permanent loss of rho ATPase activity after dialysis. Evidence was obtained that trace amounts of proteases present with bicyclomycin were responsible for the observed protein degradation. Treatment of wild-type and mutant rho proteins with purified bicyclomycin (25 mM) led to approximately 80% loss of ATPase activity after dialysis with no apparent loss of protein. However, a reduction of the electrophoretic mobility of the bicyclomycin-treated rho versus wild-type rho was seen. Addition of either ATP or poly(C) to wild-type rho led to partial protection against bicyclomycin inactivation, while inclusion of both ligands provided near complete protection against inactivation. The observed loss of ATPase activity upon prolonged incubation of rho with excess purified bicyclomycin is attributed to the covalent modification of the protein by the antibiotic at multiple sites.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1994

Knowledge of and practices related to caries prevention among Koreans.

OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the knowledge and opinions of caries prevention and source of oral health information among Koreans. METHODS: A questionnaire consisting of 36 items was used to interview 2,000 Koreans 10 through 69 years of age. Results for only selected questions are reported. A multistage, stratified, random sampling method was used. RESULTS: Sixty-nine percent of the respondents had heard about fluoride. Only 16 percent knew that some community water supplies in Korea are fluoridated. Fifty-five percent of respondents who knew about community water fluoridation learned the information from television, whereas 28 percent read about it in a newspaper. Among those respondents who reported hearing about community water fluoridation, only 30 percent had precise information about its purpose. Fifty-five percent of the respondents reported that toothbrushing is the best way to maintain good oral health. Almost all respondents (97 percent) reported brushing their teeth one or more times a day. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that there is a relatively low level of accurate knowledge about dental caries prevention among Koreans 10 through 69 years of age. The majority of respondents report learning information about oral health from the mass media.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Effects of buthionine sulfoximine treatment on cellular glutathione levels and cytotoxicities of cisplatin, carboplatin and radiation in human stomach and ovarian cancer cell lines.

Chemotherapy failure remains a significant medical problem in the treatment of neoplastic disease and is thought to be due to many different factors including membrane transport, p-glycoprotein in multidrug resistance, glutathione and its related enzymes, topoisomerase II and DNA repair. Glutathione is a major constituent of non-protein thiol and participates in detoxification of chemotherapy and radiation. Thus, glutathione concentration is correlated with sensitivity to alkylating agents and radiation, and increased in resistant cell lines. Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) is an inhibitor of glutathione biosynthesis and may increase cytotoxicities of alkylating agents, including melphalan and cisplatin, and radiation in sensitive and resistant cell lines. We studied effects on cellular glutathione levels and cytotoxicities of cisplatin, carboplatin and radiation by BSO treatment in human stomach cancer cell line (SNU-1) and ovarian cancer cell line (OVCAR-3). The results were as follow: 1) After BSO treatment of 1 mM and 2 mM for 2 days, the intracellular thiol concentration was depleted to 75.7% and 76.2% in SNU-1, and 74.1% and 63.0% in OVCAR-3, respectively. 2) The intracellular thiol concentration in SNU-1 was depleted to 33.4% after BSO 2 mM for only 2 hours incubation and 71.5% after small amount of BSO (0.02 mM) for 2 days. 3) The recovery of intracellular thiol concentration required more than 3 days after BSO removal. 4) BSO inhibited partially the growth of SNU-1 and OVCAR-3. 5) The cytotoxicities of cisplatin and carboplatin were markedly enhanced both in SNU-1 and OVCAR-3 by BSO treatment. 6) The cytotoxicities of radiation was increased in OVCAR-3 and SNU-1 by BSO treatment. Therefore, it is concluded that BSO can deplete effectively the intracellular thiol concentration and enhance the cytotoxicities of cisplatin, carboplatin and radiation.

Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic↗
PubMed1987

Effect of red ginseng on natural killer cell activity in mice with lung adenoma induced by urethan and benzo(a)pyrene.

It was previously reported that red ginseng extract inhibited carcinogenesis by urethan, DMBA, and aflatoxin B1 [Yun et al: Cancer Detect Prevent 1983; 6:515-25]. In an attempt to investigate the mechanism of the anticarcinogenic effect of ginseng, the natural killer (NK) activity and the incidence of lung adenoma were followed over a period of 48 weeks postinjection with urethan or benzo(a)pyrene. The NK activity was markedly depressed from 4 weeks to 24 weeks after injection of carcinogens. This decreased NK activity was returned to the level of controls by administration of ginseng. At the same time, a lower incidence of lung adenoma was noted following administration of ginseng to urethan-injected mice. However, the lung adenoma induced by benzo(a)pyrene began to occur at 48 weeks in which NK activity had naturally declined to a level too low to be affected by ginseng, and administration of ginseng did not decrease the incidence. In conclusion, these results suggest that the anticarcinogenic effect of ginseng may be related to the augmentation of NK activity.

Adenoma↗