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H S Odes

Publications and source records attributed to H S Odes.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Fiber-enriched cereal for constipation and for hypercholesterolemia].

A mixed-grain, high-fiber cereal (Disivit) prepared from oats, corn, wheat and soybean was used to treat 20 patients with chronic constipation and 22 with hypercholesterolemia in double-blind, cross-over trials. Disivit (50 g/d, containing 12.5 g dietary fiber) was given to the constipated patients for 2 weeks and then a low-fiber placebo for another 2 weeks, and similarly for the hypercholesterolemic patients. In those with constipation, the frequency of bowel movements increased significantly, stools became softer and laxative intake decreased. In hypercholesterolemic patients serum cholesterol decreased significantly, but only by 15%. Thus the fiber cereal appears to be a suitable treatment for constipation, while for hypercholesterolemia a larger dose or a longer period of treatment may be required.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1992

[Screening for colorectal cancer and polyps].

Screening programs for the early detection of colorectal neoplasms may prevent cancer or improve its prognosis. We screened 1101 individuals (89% of whom were asymptomatic) using 3 methods. The fecal occult blood test, done in 96% of those screened, was positive in only 1.9% and was low in both sensitivity (2.1%) and positive predictive value (6.7%). However, flexible sigmoidoscopy, performed in 48%, gave positive results in 7.8% of those screened, revealing 41 cases of polyps and 1 of cancer. Colonoscopy was performed in 8% and 37 cases of polyps and 1 of cancer were detected. Of the 3 screening methods tested, sigmoidoscopy appeared to be the best because of its high diagnostic yield. The risk of colorectal neoplasm was shown for the first time to be equal in Jews of oriental and occidental origin.

Colonoscopy↗
PubMed1992

Effects of EP-receptor subtype specific agonists and other prostanoids on adenylate cyclase activity of duodenal epithelial cells.

Rank order of agonist potency for activation of adenylate cyclase by the naturally occurring prostanoids PGE2, PGF2 alpha, PGD2, the stable PGI2 analogue iloprost, and the TXA2 mimetic U 46619, provides evidence for the existence of a distinct PGE-receptor on guinea-pig duodenal enterocytes. The PGE-receptor is likely to be of the EP2-subtype since the specific EP2-agonist 11-deoxy-PGE1 stimulated adenylate cyclase activity with a 20-fold higher potency than the EP1-agonist 17-phenyltrinor-PGE2 and the EP3-agonists MB 28767 and GR 63799. In addition, sulprostone (acting on both EP1- and EP3-receptors) was ineffective. Since the specific EP1-antagonist SC 19220 did not inhibit PGE2-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity, the involvement of EP1-receptors could be further excluded. The synthetic prostaglandin E-analogues misoprostol and nocloprost stimulated adenylate cyclase almost identically, though they were about 10-fold less potent than the natural PGE2.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1992

Measurement of gastric bicarbonate secretion in the human stomach: different methods produce discordant results.

Human gastric bicarbonate secretion has been measured by back-titration, from pH and pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) determinations (using the Henderson-Hasselbalch formula), and from equations based on gastric juice osmolality and [H+] (osmolality-[H+] method). Since these methods show large quantitative differences in their estimations of gastric bicarbonate secretion, we examined each to define the reasons for these discrepancies and establish guidelines for future work in this area. Bicarbonate recovery from 'non-parietal' secretions (0 to 80 mM HCO3) reacting with 'pure parietal secretion' (160 mM HCl) was studied both in vitro and in the pylorus-occluded healthy human stomach during acid suppression, exogenous acidification, and pentagastrin stimulation. The pH/PCO2 method estimated HCO3- accurately under anaerobic conditions in vitro, whereas the osmolality-[H+] method (with correction factors for osmolality incorporated by us) was accurate under aerobic conditions. In the acid-suppressed stomach back-titration was significantly more accurate than the pH/PCO2 method. In the exogenously acidified and pentagastrin-stimulated stomachs the pH/PCO2 method underestimated bicarbonates, and the osmolality-[H+] method was spuriously elevated in the low range and diminished at high bicarbonate concentrations. Estimates of 'basal' bicarbonate secretion (at zero added bicarbonate) were severalfold higher by the osmolality-[H+] method (5.26 +/- 0.33 mmol/h) than by the pH/PCO2 method (1.20 +/- 0.23 mmol/h) or back-titration (0.65 +/- 0.14 mmol/h). In conclusion, gastric bicarbonate was determined most correctly by back-titration in the acid-suppressed stomach, whereas measurement of bicarbonate in the acid-secreting stomach was not accurate with any method.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Screening for colorectal neoplasia: a multicenter study in Israel.

We report the design and results of the first Israeli multicenter screening program for colorectal neoplasia. The screening protocol comprised a risk questionnaire, fecal occult blood testing, flexible sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy. A total of 5,601 individuals were screened in five medical centers, 55% being asymptomatic with low or average risk. Colorectal tumors were found in 12.3% of screenees, the majority being adenomas. The risk for large bowel neoplasia was greatest in persons with a personal history of colorectal neoplasia (neoplasia rate 473.2/10(3)) and was increased in those with inflammatory bowel disease, a family history of colorectal tumor, or past history of cured breast cancer. European-born Jews had a 50% greater risk than non-European-born Jews. Persons at high risk were more likely to return for repeat screening than those at low or average risk. However, approximately 15% of persons at high risk actually thought that they were of average risk. Fecal occult blood testing was markedly less reliable than flexible sigmoidoscopy and had a false-negative rate of 84.4%. The results demonstrate that existing medical facilities in Israel can be used to screen at least those individuals with increased risk for colorectal neoplasia.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1991

Inflammatory bowel disease in the Bedouin Arabs of southern Israel: rarity of diagnosis and clinical features.

A prospective epidemiological and clinical study of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease was undertaken in the Bedouin Arabs of southern Israel between 1981 and 1990. There were six patients with ulcerative colitis and the prevalence rate in 1990 was calculated to be 9.8/10(5) (95% confidence intervals 3.6-17.4) in the total population, or 6.2/10(5) (0.8-22.5) in men and 13.7/10(5) (3.7-35.0) in women. Two cases of Crohn's disease occurred, both in women; the prevalence rate was 3.2/10(5) (0.4-11.8) in the entire population, and 6.8/10(5) (0.8-17.5) in women. The prevalence rates (age adjusted) in Arabs were significantly lower (p less than 0.01) than the corresponding rates in the local Jewish populations. The Bedouin patients were aged mean (SD) 34.0 (16.4) years at time of diagnosis. The clinical features of both diseases resembled those in the Jewish and other reported populations. It is suggested that the exposure of the Bedouin Arabs to the environmental causative factors of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease has hitherto been limited and thereby accounts for the rarity of these diseases in this population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

A double-blind trial of a celandin, aloevera and psyllium laxative preparation in adult patients with constipation.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a novel laxative preparation, composed of celandin, aloevera and psyllium in patients with chronic constipation. Thirty-five men and women were randomized to receive capsules containing celandin-aloevera-psyllium, or placebo, in a double-blind trial lasting 28 days. Symptoms in the last 2 weeks of the treatment period were compared to those in the 14-day pre-trial basal period. In the celandin, aloevera and psyllium group, bowel movements became more frequent, the stools were softer and laxative dependence was reduced. In the placebo group, all these parameters were unchanged. Abdominal pain was not reduced in either group. The results of this study show that the preparation is an effective laxative in the treatment of constipation.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Malabsorption and developmental retardation due to secondary trypsin deficiency].

A 1.5-year-old girl was admitted with chronic diarrhea of 10 months duration and retarded physical and psychomotor development. Duodenal tryptic activity was absent on testing with secretin and cholecystokinin. With pancreatic enzyme replacement diarrhea ceased and growth recommenced. Duodenal tryptic activity returned to normal within 6 months. A 10-year follow-up revealed normal physical and mental growth. Secondary deficiency of trypsin is a rare cause of malabsorption in childhood; correct and timely treatment can avoid severe, irreversible developmental defects.

Developmental Disabilities↗
PubMed1990

Human duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion. Evidence suggesting active transport under basal and stimulated conditions.

When the proximal duodenum of animals or humans is perfused with isoosmolar NaCl, bicarbonate enters the luminal effluent. In addition, duodenal bicarbonate output is stimulated by luminal acidification and prostaglandins of the E class. The hypothesis that in vivo human duodenal bicarbonate transport persists in the absence of a plasma-to-lumen bicarbonate gradient and therefore is probably an active transport process was tested. In healthy subjects, a 4-cm segment of the proximal duodenum was isolated from gastric and pancreaticobillary secretions. Net duodenal bicarbonate secretion remained similar to basal levels during luminal perfusion with either 24 or 32 mM bicarbonate (each isoosmolar with plasma by the addition of NaCl). In addition, peak increases in acid-induced bicarbonate outputs with luminal perfusion of 154 mM NaCl and 32 mM NaHCO3 (+122 mM NaCl) were similar. Moreover, prostaglandin E2-stimulated bicarbonate secretion with perfusion of 154 mM NaCl and 32 mM NaHCO3 (+122 mM NaCl) was similar. It was concluded that in humans, proximal duodenal mucosal bicarbonate transport remains unaltered in the absence of a plasma-to-lumen bicarbonate gradient at rest and after stimulation with HCl or prostaglandin E2. These observations suggest that human proximal duodenal bicarbonate secretion involves active transport.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Esophageal carcinoma in Indian Jews of southern Israel. An epidemiologic study.

The incidence of esophageal cancer varies in different populations and localities. The varied composition of the immigrant population of southern Israel afforded us an opportunity to investigate the frequency of the disease. The results of a retrospective study (1961-1985) revealed a high mean age-adjusted incidence rate (per 10(5)) in immigrant Indian men (6.5 +/- 2.17) and Indian women (17.2 +/- 5.12). Rates in all non-Indian immigrants were significantly lower: men 2.7 +/- 1.19, women 2.1 +/- 0.24. The relative risk of developing the disease was significantly higher in Indians. The age at diagnosis was lower in Indian women (54.6 +/- 10.4 years) than Indian men and other immigrants (p less than 0.05). The clinical features were similar in all cases. The risk factors in Indian men were not apparent; in women, the indiscrete use of spices might have raised the rate of esophageal cancer. The disease is more frequent in Indian populations in several parts of the world, and vigilance is required on the part of physicians.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effect of cimetidine on hepatic vitamin D metabolism in humans.

Cimetidine inhibits the action of vitamin D-hydroxylase (a hepatic mixed-function oxidase) in the rat. Therefore, the hypothesis was tested that this H2 receptor antagonist would affect vitamin D metabolism in humans. Nine adult patients were treated with 400 mg cimetidine orally twice daily during a period from winter to summer, when days were becoming longer. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were monitored before treatment, after 4 weeks of treatment, and 1 month after cessation of treatment. No seasonal increase in the level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was observed during the period of treatment, but the level rose significantly after withdrawal of the drug. The other hydroxylates of vitamin D were not affected. Levels of albumin, total calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase remained normal. The data suggest that short-term treatment with cimetidine could potentially perturb vitamin D metabolism in man.

Cimetidine↗
PubMed1989

Inflammatory bowel disease in migrant and native Jewish populations of southern Israel.

Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease were studied in three Jewish populations in the Beer Sheva district of southern Israel. Age-adjusted prevalence rates on 31 December 1987 were for ulcerative colitis, 89/10(5), and for Crohn's disease, 30/10(5). Both diseases were commoner in females and in European-American-born Jews. Age-adjusted incidence rates have increased and in 1979-1987 were for ulcerative colitis, 5.4/10(5)/year, and for Crohn's disease, 2.1/10(5)/year. Females developed ulcerative colitis at a younger age and Crohn's disease at a later age than males. Israel-born patients developed both diseases at a young age. The clinical features of ulcerative colitis were similar in the various populations. Epidemiologic data in Jews may aid in the understanding of the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Ulcerative colitis in the Jewish population of southern Israel 1961-1985: epidemiological and clinical study.

The incidence of ulcerative colitis in the Jewish population of Southern Israel has increased in the period 1961-85 and is presently 5.8/10(5)/year. The mean annual incidence was significantly higher in European and American born (10.8/10(5)/year) than in Asian and African or Israeli born Jews. The disease was significantly more prevalent in women, who developed the illness at a younger age and had a milder course. The age adjusted prevalence rate in each population group was greater than the rates detected by earlier studies in other areas of the country (p less than 0.05). The prevalence rate in the total population now approximates the moderate to high prevalence rates of ulcerative colitis found in many other localities. The particularly high rates of ulcerative colitis in the European and American born population in Israel, in Jews residing in Western countries, and in certain non-Jewish populations in Great Britain and Northern Europe may imply the presence of a common aetiological mechanism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Incidence of idiopathic ulcerative colitis in Jewish population subgroups in the Beer Sheva region of Israel.

The epidemiology and clinical features of idiopathic ulcerative colitis in different Jewish population groups in the Beer Sheva district of Israel were studied retrospectively over the period 1961-85. The average annual age-adjusted incidence rate increased (p less than 0.05) in all population groups during this period. The incidence rate in the total population in 1981-85 was 5.8 per 10(5) population per yr. In European and American born subjects the incidence rate was twice as high as in Asian and African born and Israeli born subjects. The mean age of onset of ulcerative colitis was significantly lower in Israeli born persons (26.8 yr) than in the other population groups; when the total population was stratified by age, this difference was shown to be caused by the relative youthfulness of the Israeli born subpopulation. Despite these striking epidemiological differences, clinical features were similar in the three population groups.

Adolescent↗