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Biomedical subjects

H Sacho

Publications and source records attributed to H Sacho.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Necrotising fasciitis after caesarean section--association with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. A report of 3 cases.

Three cases of necrotising fasciitis following caesarean section are described. Each patient had received non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the immediate postoperative period. While the association of necrotising fasciitis and the use of NSAIDs may be coincidental, the use of this group of drugs, which impair normal defence mechanisms, should be avoided if at all possible in the postpartum patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Guidelines for the use of zidovudine for post-exposure prophylaxis after needlestick injuries in health care settings.

A protocol for the management of health care personnel after exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus in the workplace is set out. The use of zidovudine is advocated, although sufficient evidence for its use in these circumstances is lacking. Recommendations for zidovudine chemoprophylaxis, including dosage regimens, duration of therapy, and laboratory monitoring tests, are given. The need to avoid occupational needlestick injuries is stressed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Escherichia coli O157:H7 haemorrhagic colitis. Report of the first South African case.

Escherichia coli O157:H7, although recognised 15 years ago, has only become a significant pathogen since 1982 when two outbreaks of haemorrhagic colitis due to this organism were described in the USA. Since then, numerous such outbreaks have been reported. Recent experience with a patient presenting with E. coli O157:H7-induced haemorrhagic colitis is described. The main features, pathological findings and investigations are described and the principles of management outlined.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

A reevaluation of sputum microscopy and culture in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.

This prospective study was undertaken to determine the interpretation of "scanty-positive" acid-fast bacilli on microscopy and to reevaluate simultaneous microscopy and culture of sputum for the accurate diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). A total of 2,560 specimens were processed from 727 patients. There were 435 positive specimens (17.0 percent), originating from 139 patients, 10 by microscopy only, 176 by culture only, and 249 on both microscopy and culture. Review of the hospital records showed that 107 patients had PTB, 1 had Mycobacterium kansasii colonization, and 31 were thought not to have PTB. Sensitivity and specificity were 53.1 and 99.8 percent for microscopy, 81.5 and 98.4 percent for culture, and 77.6 and 100 percent for microscopy and culture, respectively. Seventy-five microscopy specimens (46 patients) were reported as scanty-positive, of which five (four patients) were deemed false positives, yielding a positive predictive value of 93.3 percent. In those patients with positive sputum microscopy, acid-fast bacilli were detected in one of the first four specimens. Seven isolates (three patients) were mycobacteria other than tubercle (0.27 percent of specimens and 1.6 percent of mycobacteria cultured). Despite the ready availability of laboratory evidence of disease, only 73 percent of cases were diagnosed by ward staff and 36 percent notified by the primary physician. Eleven patients (10.3 percent) died, six of whom had not received diagnoses of PTB before death. Sputum microscopy and culture remains reliable despite Bayesian predictions when applied to a population with a decreasing incidence of tuberculosis.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1988

Pneumococcal bacteraemia in adults in a low socio-economic urban population.

Between January 1984 and December 1985, 183 adult patients, subsequently shown to have pneumococcal bacteraemia, were admitted. Of these infections, nine were caused by penicillin-resistant strains, and three of these were resistant to other antibiotics. The organisms from 150 patients were serotyped/grouped. The primary site of infection was lung in 90 per cent of patients. Among the patients with pneumonia, those with serovar 3 strains accounted for most intensive care unit admissions, most cases requiring inotropic drugs, and mechanical ventilation and had the highest complication rate and mortality. Findings which predicted the need for intensive care included higher age, elevated concentrations of serum urea, creatinine, and phosphate and lower levels of total serum protein, albumin and calcium. Twenty-four patients died of whom 23 had pneumonia. The case fatality rate among all of the patients admitted to the intensive care unit was 60 per cent and among those not admitted to the unit, 9.2 per cent. Of the patients who died, 41.7 per cent did so within the first five days of admission. The prophylactic use of polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine in industrial workers from low socio-economic groups should be carefully considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Infection of the human orbit by Aspergillus stromatoides. Case report.

We report a case of human infection due to Aspergillus stromatoides. To our knowledge this organism has not previously been described as causing human infections. The infection of sino-orbital tissues was of 3 1/2 years duration and the patient died following cerebral involvement despite seven months of hospitalisation and therapy including amphotericin B, 5-fluorocytosine and rifampicin.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Pulmonary mucormycosis presenting with Horner's syndrome. Report of a medical cure.

A patient with pulmonary mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus oryzae was treated with a total dose of intravenous amphotericin B 2060 mg which resulted in medical cure. This is the first reported medical cure in the RSA of pulmonary mucormycosis. Mucormycosis with brachial plexus involvement and Horner's syndrome has not been previously reported.

Amphotericin B↗