Branch retinal vein occlusion associated with a sarcoid choroidal granuloma.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
H Saraux
Publications and source records attributed to H Saraux.
Contrast sensitivity as an early indicator of acute mountain sickness.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Acute Disease↗
Autoradiographic characterization and localization of vasoactive intestinal peptide binding sites in albino rat and rabbit eyes.
Localization and pharmacological properties of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) binding sites were investigated in eyes from albino rabbits and rats using an in vitro autoradiographic method. [125I]VIP was used as ligand, and various unlabelled peptides were studied to test the specificity of binding. Autoradiograms were generated by apposing 20-microns-thick cryostat eye sections to [3H]Hyperfilm or autoradiographic emulsion and quantified by means of image analysis procedures. Specific binding represented about 85% of total binding. Kinetic studies showed that equilibrium was reached after a 120-min incubation at room temperature. Biochemical investigations demonstrated that [125I-]VIP bound to a population of sites with high affinity (Kd = 2.27 +/- 0.25 nM). Inhibition of [125I]VIP binding with VIP and related peptides indicated the following rank order of potency: VIP greater than Peptide histidine isoleucine greater than secretin greater than human growth hormone-releasing factor, glucagon, VIP1-14, VIP14-28. In both species, specific binding was found in conjunctiva, iris, ciliary processes, choroid and retina. Moderate grain densities of VIP binding sites were also present in the rat cornea. Quantitative analysis of the autoradiograms revealed that the highest densities of [125I]VIP binding sites were located in the iris and ciliary epithelia in rabbits and in the inner retina in rats. Our findings suggest that VIP may play an important role in several ocular functions, especially in aqueous humor dynamics and retinal neuromodulation.
Animals↗
Localization and characterization of substance P binding sites in rat and rabbit eyes.
Specific and high-affinity binding sites for Substance P (SP) were found in eyes from albino rabbits and rats using an in vitro autoradiographic method with 125I-Bolton Hunter SP (BHSP). autoradiograms were generated by apposing 10-20 microns-thick cryostat eye sections to 3H-Hyperfilm or liquid emulsion and quantified by means of image-analysis procedures. Kinetic studies showed that equilibrium was reached after a 75-min incubation at room temperature. In rat retina, specific binding corresponding to approximately 90% of total binding, was reversible, of high affinity (dissociation constant [Kd], 0.13 +/- 0.02 nM). Half-time for dissociation of 125I-BHSP was about 15 min. Unlabeled SP and the two neurokinins (NK) A and B competed in a concentration-dependent manner for retinal sites labeled by 125I-BHSP with the following order of potencies: SP greater than NKA greater than NKB, in agreement with a pharmacologic profile of a SP receptor site. In both species, specific binding was found in the iris sphincter muscle, choroid, and retina. In rats, detectable amounts of SP-binding sites were also expressed in the corneal epithelium and iridial stroma. Quantitative analysis of the autoradiograms revealed that the highest densities of 125I-BHSP binding sites were localized in the iris sphincter muscle in rabbits and the inner retina in rats.
Animals↗
[Atypical forms of optic neuritis of multiple sclerosis].
The authors report seven cases of optic neuritis in patients with a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. All patients had severe bilateral eye disease with no or incomplete recovery. Clinical signs and symptoms of multiples sclerosis were observed in only some patients. IRM was remarkably sensitive for detecting cerebral lesions and confirming the diagnosis. In every case visual field abnormalities consisted of a diffuse defect of sensitivity with pericentral scotoma. The authors emphasize on two atypical forms, total acute neuropathy and chronic primary neuropathy.
Acute Disease↗
Autoradiographic localization of D1 and D2 dopamine binding sites in the human retina.
The localization of dopamine binding sites was studied by in vitro autoradiography in the normal human retina using [125I]SCH 23982 for D1 receptor labelling and [125I]iodosulpride for D2 receptors. Results demonstrated that both types of binding sites were present in human retina. Binding of [125I]SCH 23982 to D1 dopamine receptor was blocked by 1 microM SKF 38393, SCH 23390 (D1 specific compounds) whereas bromocriptine and domperidone (D2 specific compounds) were inactive at the same concentration. On the contrary, binding of [125I]iodosulpride to D2 dopamine receptor was inhibited only by D2 drugs. Precise cellular distribution was given by microautoradiographic techniques and showed that binding sites were exclusively localized to the plexiform layers.
2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-ben↗
Beta adrenergic binding sites in the human eye: an autoradiographic study.
Beta adrenergic binding sites were localized and characterized in the human eye by means of "in vitro" autoradiography, using [125I] (-) iodocyanopindolol (125ICYP) as radioligand. Binding sites were visualized by apposition of isotope sensitive film to slide mounted eye sections. Receptor sites were present in the extraocular muscles, in the conjunctiva, in the epithelium and endothelium of the cornea, in the trabeculum and in the ciliary muscle. They were also present in the lens epithelium and in the retina. The pigmented ocular structures were heavily labelled but the binding was nonspecific. Characterization of these binding sites was achieved by testing the ability of selective adrenergic compounds to displace 125ICYP binding. These studies suggested that the majority of adrenergic binding sites in nonpigmented structures of human eye were of a beta2 type.
Aged↗
[Evaluation of the efficacy of plasma exchange in Leber's disease].
Amaurosis congenita of Leber is a hereditary optic neuropathy, usually bilateral, that quickly leads to blindness. There is no effective treatment. The inflammatory aspect of the papillary lesions in the early stage, in addition to the beneficial effect of plasma exchanges reported for other optic neuritides, led us to propose such a therapeutic regimen to 6 young adult men afflicted with the disease. This treatment was initiated early, before optic nerve atrophy occurred. The plasma volume exchanged was 3.2 +/- 0.5 liters/session and 4.2 +/- 1.8 (3 to 7) exchanges were performed. The exchanges were always well tolerated. Three patients subjectively reported improvement immediately following the exchanges but only one had some improvement of his visual acuity. However, a more sensitive evaluation of the ability to distinguish contrasts revealed improvement in patients whose visual acuity remained unchanged. This visual gain was lost 3 months later. Therefore, it appears that plasma exchanges are not the treatment of choice for this disease.
Adult↗
[Contrast sensitivity and diabetes].
Contrast sensitivity has been assessed in 24 diabetic patients in order to test the hypothesis that contrast sensitivity is impaired in the early stages of diabetes mellitus. All patients had 20/20 vision. Some evidence of visual dysfunction was observed in 33% of the diabetics with no retinopathy and 83% of the 6 patients with retinopathy when compared to 48 age-matched controls. Contrast sensitivity was mainly reduced in the mid-range spatial frequencies and correlated with the degree of retinopathy. The accurate assessment of visual dysfunction in diabetes is very important, as new drugs (i.e. aldose reductase inhibitors) are currently under evaluation.
Contrast Sensitivity↗
[Value of a study of contrast sensitivity in the evaluation of visual function: applications to pathology and visual selection].
Spatial contrast sensitivity function appears to give the most general description available for the basic aspect of spatial visual performance. Classical measurement of visual acuity is unable to give us a fine appreciation of visual function. Visual acuity is only one aspect of the complex process of sight. We have tested contrast sensitivity to detect silent lesions of the visual pathway. In multiple sclerosis we have demonstrated a bilateral involvement in almost all cases. In primary open angle glaucoma contrast sensitivity is affected before perimetry data are able to show any defect. We have the same results in early stages of diabetic retinopathy. Contrast sensitivity testing shows great promise for detection of eye defect in drivers and industry workmen.
Contrast Sensitivity↗
[Ophthalmologic manifestations of the Pierre Robin syndrome. Report of a case of microphthalmia].
The classical description of the Pierre Robin syndrome includes micrognathia, glossoptosis, airway obstruction, and usual presence of a cleft palate. The Pierre Robin syndrome is currently defined as the combination of retrognathia, cleft palate, and respiratory distress. This last is mixed, with a peripheral component due to glossoptosis and a central component due to brain stem immaturity. The main ocular manifestations found in the Pierre Robin syndrome are congenital glaucoma and severe congenital mypopia responsible for retinal detachment. Microphthalmia is infrequent. We report the case of a neonate with severe Pierre Robin syndrome and major microphthalmia documented by CT scan.
Female↗
[Vitreous hemorrhage and neovascular proliferation in multiple sclerosis].
We report the case of a 40 year-old man with multiple sclerosis, who presented a bilateral proliferative retinopathy responsible for a vitreous hemorrhage. Examination of the periphery of the retina showed diffuse retinal periphlebitis; fluorescein angiograms showed a peripheral retinal ischemic syndrome with secondary neovascularization. Several recent studies have show that retinal periphlebitis is a frequent finding in multiple sclerosis; but to our knowledge a retinal ischemic syndrome with neovascularization has seldom been reported.
Adult↗
[Orbital Kaposi sarcoma in a subject not infected with HIV].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Aged↗
[Long-term follow-up and etiologic factors in edematous forms of central retinal vein obstruction].
We report a study of 61 cases of retinal vein occlusion, followed for 3-10 years. The oedematous form only were studied; 39 were branch vein occlusion (BVO) and 22 central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Of the CRVO's 5 were female, 17 were male, ages ranged from 5 to 75 years, averaging 58 years of the BVO's there were 19 females and 20 males with ages ranging from 27 to 79 years, averaging 61 years. High blood pressure and atherosclerosis were the most frequent causes. High intraocular pressures were mostly associated with CRVO (25%). Study of serum lipids and blood coagulation are most useful in CRVO in young patients. Platelet agreggation anomalies, protein C deficiency were seen in some cases. Visual prognosis is relatively good; bilateralisation was seen in 5% of BVO and in 9% of CRVO. Visual acuity better than 20/200 was observed in 87% of BVO and in 75% of CRVO.
Adult↗
[Contrast sensitivity is not only an additional complementary test].
Contrast sensitivity gives new insight on visual troubles encountered in ophthalmology. Indeed the measurement of this function yields some explanations on how vision is impaired by diseases frequently observed by clinicians. The deficits seen in strabismic amblyopes raise the possibility that the neural impairment in amblyopia is derived from a single continuum, varying in degree. The absence of stimulation of the size-selective detectors processing high spatial frequencies accounts for the shape of the contrast sensitivity curve in congenital nystagmus. Glaucomatous or multiple sclerosis patients show early deficits in medium range spatial frequencies where the sensitivity is the highest. These changes appear sometimes before any other investigation can detect them. When compared with physiological results using the same sinusoidal gradings as stimuli, contrast sensitivity gives reliable informations on how visual information is processed by the brain.
Amblyopia↗
[Homonymous lateral quadranopsia disclosing cerebral toxoplasmosis in a patient with AIDS].
A case of Homonymous lateral quadranopsia revealing cerebral toxoplasmosis is reported in AIDS patient. Neuro-ophthalmologic manifestations must be explored by neuro-radiologic examination. Nuclear magnetic resonance would rather be performed than CT scan. Frequencies of cerebral and ocular toxoplasmosis localisations are compared. Severity of toxoplasmosis localisation justifies an early diagnosis based on immunological assay detecting the infection. Prophylactic treatment has to be instored.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
[Microphthalmos in Pierre Robin syndrome. Clinical and x-ray computed tomographic study].
The Pierre Robin Syndrome is characterized by three defects (8,9): micrognathia, cleft palate and glossoptosis responsible for respiratory failure. The new definition of this syndrome associates retrognathia, cleft palate and respiratory distress. This respiratory distress is mixed: obstructive due to glossoptosis, and central, secondary to brainstem immaturity (1,2). The main ocular manifestations associated with the syndrome are congenital glaucoma, high congenital myopia and retinal detachment. Microphtalmia has already been reported, but is infrequent. We present a clinical case of a major microphthalmia in a Pierre Robin Syndrome, confirmed by CT scan exploration.
Eye Diseases↗
Quantitative autoradiographic determination of binding sites for a peripheral benzodiazepine ligand ([3H]PK 11195) in human iris.
Specific binding sites of peripheral-type benzodiazepines were investigated in human iris/ciliary body (8 eyes). Examination of color-coded prints and densitometric quantification of autoradiograms were performed on slides (20 micron) labelled with [3H]PK 11195 (1 nM) at 25 degrees C. Nonspecific binding was determined with PK 11211 (5 microM) or Ro 5-4864 (5 microM). Binding sites were present on all the slides, with equivalent density in the 3 regions of the preparation (ciliary body, iris, and pupil margin). The numbers of binding sites in ciliary body, iris, and pupil margin, respectively, were: 42.7 +/- 0.2, 30.1 +/- 0.5, and 37.4 +/- 0.4 femtomol/mg protein. Labelling on the pupil margin seemed to coincide with the iris sphincter muscle. The presence of peripheral benzodiazepine binding sites in iris muscular tissue, and particularly in the pupil margin, suggests that the iris preparation may be a valuable tool to detect putative physiological effects of peripheral benzodiazepines on muscular motility.
Aged↗