[Liver abscess accompanied by TTP and Liddle's syndrome-like symptoms].
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Aeromonas↗
Biomedical subjects
H Satoh
Publications and source records attributed to H Satoh.
Genomic structure and chromosomal mapping of the mouse hic-5 gene that encodes a focal adhesion protein.
The hic-5 gene encodes a focal adhesion protein that has striking similarity to paxillin. Genomic clones of the mouse hic-5 gene were isolated, and included 10 exons that covered the whole mouse mRNA sequence. Comparison of the sequence with those in the expressed sequence tag database suggested that the hic-5 gene contained an extra exon (named exon 1') located about 1kb upstream of exon 1, and mouse cells seemed to express two alternatively spliced forms of mRNA. All the exon-intron boundaries followed the GT/AG rule. Physical mapping and fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis indicated that the hic-5 gene is located on mouse chromosome 7, 60. 0cM from the centromere.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Images in cardiovascular medicine. Differential color imaging technique of helical CT angiography in the diagnosis of total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage.
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Color↗
KB-R7943 block of Ca(2+) influx via Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange does not alter twitches or glycoside inotropy but prevents Ca(2+) overload in rat ventricular myocytes.
BACKGROUND: The Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange (NCX) extrudes Ca(2+) from cardiac myocytes, but it can also mediate Ca(2+) influx, load the sarcoplasmic reticulum with Ca(2+), and trigger Ca(2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. In ischemia/reperfusion or digitalis toxicity, increased levels of intracellular [Na(+)] ([Na(+)](i)) may raise levels of intracellular [Ca(2+)] ([Ca(2+)](i)) via NCX, leading to cell injury and arrhythmia. METHODS AND RESULTS: We used KB-R7943 (KBR) to selectively block Ca(2+) influx via NCX to study the role of NCX-mediated Ca(2+) influx in intact rat ventricular myocytes. Removing extracellular Na(+) caused [Ca(2+)](i) to rise, due to Ca(2+) influx via NCX, and this was blocked by 90% with 5 micromol/L KBR. However, KBR did not alter [Ca(2+)](i) decline due to NCX. Thus, we used 5 micromol/L KBR to selectively block Ca(2+) entry but not efflux via NCX. Under control conditions, 5 micromol/L KBR did not alter steady-state twitches, Ca(2+) transients, Ca(2+) load in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, or rest potentiation, but it did prolong the late low plateau of the rat action potential. When Na(+)/K(+) ATPase was inhibited by strophanthidin, KBR reduced diastolic [Ca(2+)](i) and abolished the spontaneous Ca(2+) oscillations, but it did not prevent inotropy. CONCLUSIONS: In rat ventricular myocytes, Ca(2+) influx via NCX is not important for normal excitation-contraction coupling. Furthermore, the inhibition of Ca(2+) efflux alone (as [Na(+)](i) rises) may be sufficient to cause glycoside inotropy. In contrast, Ca(2+) overload and spontaneous activity at high [Na(+)](i) was blocked by KBR, suggesting that net Ca(2+) influx (not merely reduced efflux) via NCX is involved in potentially arrhythmogenic Ca(2+) overload.
Animals↗
The sustained inward current and inward rectifier K+ current in pacemaker cells dissociated from rat sinoatrial node.
1. Myocytes were dissociated from the sinoatrial (SA) node of rat heart using a new enzymatic dissociation technique. Only a small number of isolated SA node myocytes showed regular rhythmic contractions and spontaneous action potentials, and these were used in the present study. 2. The spontaneous action potential was resistant to TTX, and the action potential parameters were similar to those of rabbit and guinea-pig pacemaker cells. Major time- and voltage-dependent currents were the delayed rectifier K+ current IKr, the L-type Ca2+ current ICa,L and the sodium current INa. The hyperpolarization-activated cation current (If) was recorded from approximately 50 % of the cells with hyperpolarization beyond -90 mV. 3. The instantaneous current jump at the onset of a hyperpolarizing pulse showed inward rectification and was largely blocked by Ba2+. This Ba2+-sensitive current corresponded well to the inward rectifier K+ current (IK1), although it was much smaller in amplitude than in the ventricle. 4. A sustained inward current was activated on depolarization from -80 mV to the voltage range of slow diastolic depolarization. The current was blocked by nicardipine, enlarged by isoprenaline and was insensitive to removal of external Ca2+. These characteristics were similar to the sustained inward current, Ist, previously described in the rabbit and guinea-pig SA node cells. 5. The role of Ist was considered by constructing empirical equations, which were applied to the experimental record of the action potential. It is demonstrated that the voltage-dependent activation of Ist constitutes a positive feedback loop with the depolarization of the membrane.
Action Potentials↗
Tetrodotoxin-sensitive persistent current boosts the depolarization of retinal amacrine cells in goldfish.
To light illumination retinal amacrine cells respond with graded depolarization accompanied by a spike discharge. It has been assumed that the graded depolarization is produced solely by the excitatory synaptic inputs from bipolar cells. Here we demonstrate that a tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive persistent current also contributes to the graded depolarization. This current was isolated in amacrine cells of the goldfish retinal slice preparations by the whole-cell patch clamp technique. The activation threshold of the persistent current was about -50 mV, approximately 10 mV more positive than the membrane potential in the dark. Therefore, it is highly likely that the TTX-sensitive persistent current is a booster of the excitatory postsynaptic potential in amacrine cells.
Action Potentials↗
Mutational analysis of ATP7B and genotype-phenotype correlation in Japanese with Wilson's disease.
The gene ATP7B responsible for Wilson's disease (WD) produces a protein which is predicted to be a copper-binding P-type ATPase, homologous to the Menkes disease gene (ATP7A). Various mutations of ATP7B have been identified. This study aimed to detect disease-causing mutations, to clarify their frequency and distribution, to determine whether genotype correlates with phenotype, and to determine the rate of abnormal findings in heterozygotes for the WD gene. We analyzed 41 unrelated Japanese WD families, including 47 patients. Twenty-one mutations, including nine novel ones, were identified. 2871delC (15.9%), 1708-5T-->G (11. 0%), and Arg778Leu (13.4%) were the most common mutations. 2871delC was detected mainly in eastern Japan and 1708-5T-->G in western Japan. The homozygotes for the 1708-5T-->G, 2871delC, or Arg778Leu mutations did not show a correlation with their phenotypes. Ceruloplasmin and copper levels were abnormally low in 28.6% and 35. 0% of heterozygotes, respectively. When patients and their families are screened for WD, a high rate of abnormal laboratory data in heterozygotes must be taken into account.
Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
Early experience of aortic valve replacement with the Freestyle stentless aortic bioprosthesis in elderly patients.
OBJECTIVES: Stentless bioprostheses have been gaining popularity in recent years as hemodynamically superior alternatives to conventional stented bioprostheses. METHODS: Between July 1996 and November 1998, 13 patients with aortic valve disease, 7 males and 6 females with a mean age (+/- SD) of 68 +/- 5 years, underwent an aortic valve replacement using the Medtronic Freestyle aortic bioprosthesis. The predominant lesions were stenosis in 8 patients and regurgitation in 5, while 2 patients had endocarditis. The operation was performed by a subcoronary technique in 9, root-inclusion technique in 3, and full root technique in 1 patient. RESULTS: Throughout the follow-up periods (with average follow-up period of 20.6 months), there was no hospital mortality, though there was one late death of unknown cause. The New York Heart Association class improved in all patients. The peak transvalvular gradient decreased from 18.4 +/- 9.8 to 12.6 +/- 9.6 mmHg, and the effective valve orifice area increased from 2.30 +/- 0.96 to 2.59 +/- 1.05 cm2 between the 1-month and the 6-month follow-up examinations. In patients with aortic regurgitation, the left ventricular end-diastolic/end-systolic volume index significantly decreased from 147 +/- 36/62 +/- 19 to 73 +/- 26/33 +/- 14 ml/m2 at 1 month after the operation. The left ventricular mass index also significantly decreased from 189 +/- 26 to 143 +/- 30 g/m2 in patients with aortic regurgitation and from 171 +/- 28 to 144 +/- 30 g/m2 in those with aortic stenosis. CONCLUSIONS: Although long-term follow-up is required for further evaluation, the early results appeared to indicate that the Freestyle aortic bioprosthesis was suitable for elderly patients requiring aortic valve replacement.
Aged↗
Percutaneous cardiopulmonary support with heparin-coated circuits in postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock. Efficacy and comparison with left heart bypass.
OBJECTIVE: Percutaneous cardiopulmonary support, a simplified form of venoarterial bypass, using totally heparin-coated circuits, has recently come into clinical use. To clarify its efficacy in postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock to aid weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass, we compared results of percutaneous cardiopulmonary support with those of left heart bypass using a centrifugal pump. METHODS: We reviewed 18 patients treated between 1991 and 1998 who could not be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass. Nine were aided by totally heparin-coated percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS group), and 9 supported by left heart bypass using a centrifugal pump (LHB group). In both groups, activated clotting time was controlled at 150-200 seconds using minimal doses of heparin as needed. RESULTS: Weaning and survival rates were higher in the PCPS group than in the LHB group (100% vs 55.6%, and 66.7% vs 22.2%). The PCPS group had a smaller amount of blood loss and needed a smaller amount of blood components in the immediate postoperative period. One percutaneous cardiopulmonary support patient required surgical re-exploration for postoperative bleeding (11.1%), but no clinical thromboembolic event occurred in the PCPS group. In the LHB group, 5 patients underwent surgical re-exploration for postoperative bleeding (55.6%), and 2 underwent thrombus extirpation in the left ventricle (22.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Although this study was retrospective and historical backgrounds could have been involved, our data suggest that totally heparin-coated percutaneous cardiopulmonary support system appears more effective as an aid to weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass and in short-term circulatory support for patients in postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock.
Adult↗
Gasdermin (Gsdm) localizing to mouse Chromosome 11 is predominantly expressed in upper gastrointestinal tract but significantly suppressed in human gastric cancer cells.
Amplification of proto-oncogenes associated with their over-expression is one of the critical carcinogenic events identified in human cancer cells. In many cases of human gastric cancer, a proto-oncogene ERBB-2 is co-amplified with CAB1 genes physically linked to ERBB-2, and both genes are over-expressed. The amplified region containing ERBB-2 and CAB1 was named 17q12 amplicon from its chromosomal location. The syntenic region corresponding to the 17q12 amplicon is well conserved in mouse. In this study we isolated and characterized a novel mouse gene that locates telomeric to the mouse syntenic region. Northern blot analysis using the mouse cDNA and a cloned partial cDNA of human homolog disclosed a unique expression pattern of the genes. They are expressed predominantly in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and in the skin at a lower level. Moreover, in the GI tract, the expression is highly restricted to the esophagus and stomach. Thus, we named the mouse gene Gasdermin (Gsdm). This is the first report of a mammalian gene whose expression is restricted to both upper GI tract and skin. Interestingly, in spite of its expression in normal stomach, no transcript was detected by Northern blot analysis in human gastric cancer cells. These data suggest that the loss of the expression of the human homolog is required for the carcinogenesis of gastric tissue and that the gene has an activity adverse to malignant transformation of cells.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Intracellular pH regulatory mechanism in a human renal proximal cell line (HKC-8): evidence for Na+/H+ exchanger, CI-/HCO3- exchanger and Na+-HCO3- cotransporter.
In the present study we investigated whether an immortalized human renal proximal cell line, HKC-8, expresses a recently cloned Na+-HCO3- cotransporter (NBC-1) and, if so, which isoform (kNBC-1 from kidney or pNBC-1 from pancreas) is expressed in this cell line. Cell pH (pHi) measurements using a pH-sensitive fluorescence probe in the absence of HCO3-/CO2 revealed the presence of a Na+/H+ exchanger that required high concentrations of amiloride for full inhibition. In the presence of HCO3-/CO2 another pHi recovery process, dependent on Na+ but independent of Cl-, was identified. This process was electrogenic and was inhibited by 4,4'-diisothiocyanatodihydrostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid (DIDS), being consistent with the Na+-HCO3- cotransporter. In addition, the pHi responses to Cl- removal were compatible with the presence of a Na+-independent Cl-/HCO3- exchanger that was also inhibited by DIDS. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using primers designed for specific and common regions detected mRNAs of both kNBC-1 and pNBC-1 and Western blot analysis confirmed the expression of NBC-1 protein. These results indicate that HKC-8 has transport activities similar to intact proximal tubules and also suggest that both kNBC-1 and pNBC-1 may contribute to the Na+-HCO3- cotransport activity in this cell line.
Acids↗
Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder.
We describe here a rare case of hepatoid adenocarcinoma (HAC) of the gallbladder without the production of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). A 77-year-old man was referred to our division with complaints of general fatigue, loss of appetite, and loss of body weight. A preoperative diagnosis of advanced gallbladder cancer was made, and cholecystectomy with combined resection of two liver subsegments (S4a + S5) and lymph node dissection were performed. Microscopically, the tumor was mainly composed of characteristic cells featuring eosinophilic cytoplasm, enlarged nuclei, and prominent nucleoi, arranged in nests or proliferated in a trabecular pattern. These features were highly suggestive of HAC of the gallbladder, and the tumor cells were negative for AFP immunohistochemical staining. The patient is doing well and has survived for 15 months postoperatively without any recurrence.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Isolation of Campylobacter species from zoo animals and polymerase chain reaction-based random amplified polymorphism DNA analysis.
A total of 104 fecal specimens from 30 mammals, 12 birds, and 3 reptiles at the Phoenix Zoological Gardens, Miyazaki City, Japan, were examined for the presence of Campylobacter species. All the animals examined were healthy with no fecal abnormality. Twenty-three (22.1%) thermophilic campylobacters, (9 C. jejuni, 11 C. hyointestinalis, 2 C. coli, and 1 C. lari), were isolated from 11 animals (7 mammals and 4 birds). C. jejuni and C. hyointestinalis were the predominant species isolated from these zoo animals and C. hyointestinalis was isolated frequently from simians. As selective media influence the numbers and species of campylobacters isolated, the agar medium was not supplemented with cephalothin. Campylobacters were isolated most frequently when a combination of enrichment culture and selective agar plating was performed at 42 degrees C. For the epidemiological study, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method was used as a tool to detect the heterogeneity of amplified DNAs of Campylobacter spp. isolated from zoo animals. The two arbitrary primers used in this study enabled even closely related strains of the same Campylobacter spp. to be differentiated. RAPD analysis revealed considerable diversity among the strains, suggesting that the transmission of Campylobacter spp. among animals in a defined area occurred through different mechanisms. Examination of the genotypic diversity among the multiple clones from the same host also revealed differences between clones. These results demonstrate that campylobacter populations in zoo animals are highly divergent.
Animals↗
Expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha--converting enzyme and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in human myocarditis.
OBJECTIVES: We determined whether tumor necrosis factor-alpha-converting enzyme (TACE) is expressed with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in myocarditis. BACKGROUND: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-converting enzyme, which has recently been identified as belonging to the family of metalloproteinase disintegrin proteins, is responsible for the conversion of TNF-alpha precursor to its mature form. METHODS: We examined TACE and TNF-alpha expressions in endomyocardial biopsy tissues obtained from 14 patients with myocarditis and five control subjects by using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Expression of TNF-alpha and TACE messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was significantly greater in the myocarditis group than in the control group. A positive correlation was found between TNF-alpha and TACE mRNAs (r = 0.83, p < 0.05). Six patients with severe myocarditis underwent repeat biopsies. Although TNF-alpha and TACE mRNAs were expressed at high levels in the initial biopsies, a marked decrease was noted in the repeat biopsies. The immunostainings for TNF-alpha and TACE were positive in the myocytes and interstitial cells of myocardium obtained from patients with myocarditis. Expression of TACE and TNF-alpha mRNAs was greater in the subgroup in New York Heart Association functional class III or IV than in the subgroup in class I or II. Expression of TACE and TNF-alpha mRNA was correlated positively with left ventricular volume (TNF-alpha: r = 0.85; TACE: r = 0.80) and negatively with left ventricular systolic function (TNF-alpha: r = -0.85; TACE: r = -0.85). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the expression of TNF-alpha and TACE may have important implications in the pathogenesis of myocarditis and may influence advanced cardiac dysfunction in myocarditis.
ADAM Proteins↗
Human G-protein beta3 subunit variant is associated with serum potassium and total cholesterol levels but not with blood pressure.
The activity of a sodium-proton exchanger is enhanced in the patients with essential hypertension and regulated via G-protein, which is a signal transducer between receptors and intracellular effectors. A recent study has revealed that a novel variant (C825T) in exon 10 of the gene encoding the beta3 subunit of heterotrimetric G proteins (GNB3) is a genetic factor predisposing to hypertension in Caucasians. We examined the association between GNB3/ C825T and blood pressure, lipids, electrolytes, and other parameters in a Japanese population. Subjects (n = 352) were selected from the Ohasama Study, the population of which is regarded as from a rural community in Japan. To obtain precise clinical measurements, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and carotid ultrasonography (CUS) were conducted in this population. In addition, we recruited 762 subjects from outpatients at the Osaka University Medical School to carry out the association study between hypertension and GNB3. The GNB3 genotype distribution did not differ significantly between normotensives and hypertensives in either of the two studies. The T825 allele of GNB3 was not associated with the presence of hypertension, blood pressure level, the number of brain lacunae or carotid wall thickness. However, the serum potassium and total cholesterol levels were significantly higher in subjects with the T allele (P < .005). The T825 allele of GNB3 is associated with increased serum potassium and total cholesterol levels but not with blood pressure in a Japanese population.
Adult↗
Gene polymorphism of the renin-angiotensin system associates with risk for lacunar infarction. The Ohasama study.
The polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene is considered to be associated with increased risk for stroke, but there is a diversity in the results obtained. The genetic involvement of the renin-angiotensin system in stroke also remains unclear. To predict the genetic risk of lacunar infarction, we conducted an association study in an Ohasama population, which is the cohort in a rural region of northern Japan. A total of 134 subjects without major neurological, cardiovascular, or metabolic disorders were recruited. Using brain magnetic resonance imaging, the number of lacunae in each of four brain regions were calculated, and periventricular hyperintensity was classified into five grades. We used the following four candidate gene polymorphisms: angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)/Insertion(I)-Deletion(D), angiotensinogen (AGT)/M235T, angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1)/ A1166C, type 2 receptor (AT2)/C3123A, to examine the association between polymorphisms and the severity of lacunar infarction. AGT/M235T was significantly associated with the number of lacunae in the brain stem, the basal ganglia (P < .05), and whole brain (P < .005) regions. The AT1 polymorphism was also significantly associated with the number of lacunae in the basal ganglia and whole brain regions (P < .05), and with periventricular hyperintensity grade (P < .005) in the younger population. However, ACE and AT2 polymorphisms failed to show an association with either the number of lacunae or the PVH grade. We concluded that AGT and AT1 polymorphisms are independent genetic risk factors for lacunar infarction.
Aged↗
Novel canonical coding method for representation of three-dimensional structures
A new canonical coding method for representation of three-dimensional structures, CAST (CAnonical representation of STereochemistry), is described. CAST canonically codes stereochemistry around an atom in a molecule. The same CAST notations are given for atoms of molecules in the same conformation. The CAST code is based on the dihedral angles of four atoms that are uniquely defined by a molecular tree structure. CAST has successfully represented similarities and differences between several conformers.
Journal Article↗
Intronic U50 small-nucleolar-RNA (snoRNA) host gene of no protein-coding potential is mapped at the chromosome breakpoint t(3;6)(q27;q15) of human B-cell lymphoma.
BACKGROUND: In eukaryotic cells, nucleolar processing of preribosomal RNAs (prerRNAs) is assisted by a large number of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) that function in the 2'-O-methylation or the pseudouridylation of rRNAs. Most snoRNAs so far characterized are encoded and processed from introns of premRNAs. RESULTS: We found a novel intronic snoRNA gene, named U50HG, located on chromosome 6q15, at the breakpoint of chromosomal translocation t(3;6)(q27;q15). The U50HG gene is composed of six exons, whose spliced transcripts have little potential for coding a protein, and its introns produce both U50 and U50-like (U50') snoRNAs that are localized in nucleoli. It possesses an oligopyrimidine tract that is characteristic of the 5'-terminal oligopyrimidine (5'TOP) class of genes which have been shown to be coordinately regulated in response to cell growth. CONCLUSIONS: U50HG is a member of the nonprotein-coding multiple snoRNA host gene family, as well as of the 5'TOP gene family similar to UHG (U22 host gene), U17HG (U17 host gene), U19HG (U19 host gene) and gas5 (growth arrest-specific transcript 5 gene). It is novel to find that the snoRNA gene is located at the breakpoint of chromosomal translocation t(3;6)(q27;q15) involved in human B-cell lymphoma.
Alternative Splicing↗