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Biomedical subjects

H Scheel

Publications and source records attributed to H Scheel.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Cathodoluminescence in transmission electron microscopy.

We describe a cathodoluminescence spectrometer that is attached to an analytical transmission electron microscope. After a brief consideration of the set-up and the peculiarities of recording spectra and of mapping defect distributions in panchromatic and monochromatic cathodoluminescence, we discuss two examples of applications. Emphasis is placed on the potential for obtaining novel information about materials and processes on a microscopic and a nanoscopic scale by combining cathodoluminescence with the structural and chemical information for the same site of the specimen. We select an example concerning the role of In distribution in light emission from InGa/GaN quantum wells and a second one concerning the analysis of the initial electron radiation damage of Cu(In,Ga)Se(2) photovoltaic films.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

[Diagnosis of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome].

HISTORY AND ADMISSION FINDINGS: A 27-year-old woman presented with increased bleeding tendency and known oculocutaneous albinism. In addition to frequent nasal and gingival bleedings she had since childhood spontaneous extensive cutaneous bleedings. In addition she was extreme sensitive to UV light with visual disturbances. Bone-marrow biopsy when aged 9 years had revealed abnormal pigment-storing cells. Physical examination showed a very fair skin and hair, spontaneous nystagmus and extensive rash in the face. INVESTIGATIONS: Prothrombin, partial thromboplastin and thrombin times as well as fibrinogen level were normal. On re- admission bleeding time varied greatly, while platelet count was normal. Mean platelet volume was slightly reduced. Von Willebrand antigen, factor VIII:C, factor IX:C, factor XIII and alpha (2)-antiplasmin were all normal. Aggregometry indicated abnormal platelet function; there was reduced platelet aggregation after stimulation with adenosine diphosphate. Flow cytometry of whole blood demonstrated abnormal storage function of thrombocytic delta-granules. The underlying cause of the described symptoms was shown to be a gene defect in typical location on the long arm of chromosome 10. DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT: The triad of tyrosinase-positive oculocutaneous albinism, abnormal thrombocytic delta-granules and ceroid deposition in the cells of the reticuloendothelial system or the bone-marrow is called Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (after those who first reported it). There is as yet no causal treatment. But the patient was advised to use a nasal spray of desmopressin for spontaneous or difficult to stop bleedings after minor injuries. Desmopressin i. v. should be given prophylactically before any operation.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Technical efficiency of public clinics in Kwazulu-Natal Province of South Africa.

BACKGROUND: In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) much of the attention of policy makers, health care managers, health systems researchers and donors is focussed almost solely on mobilising additional resources and not on efficiency in their use. OBJECTIVE(S): To investigate the technical inefficiencies among 155 primary health care clinics in Kwazulu-Natal Province of South Africa; and to draw policy implications. DESIGN: Cross-sectional provincial health clinic survey. SELLING: Kwazulu-Natal Provincial Department of Health Clinics survey, 1996. SUBJECTS: The analysis is based on 155 public clinics. INTERVENTIONS: Non-intervention Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Technical and scale efficiency scores. RESULTS: Forty seven (30%) were found to be technically efficient. Among the 108 (70%) technically inefficient facilities, 16% had an efficiency score of 50% or less. The presence of inefficiencies indicates that a clinic has excess inputs or insufficient outputs compared to those clinics on the efficiency frontier. To achieve technical efficiency, Kwazulu-Natal clinics would, in total have to decrease inputs by 417 nurses and 457 general staff. Alternatively, outputs would have to be increased by 115,534 antenatal visits, 1,010 births (deliveries), 179,075 child care visits, 5,702 dental visits, 121,658 family planning visits, 36,032 psychiatric visits, 56,068 sexually transmitted disease visits and 34,270 tuberculosis visits. CONCLUSION: There is need for more detailed studies in a number of the relativdy efficient clinics to determine why they are efficient with a view of documenting attributes of 'best practise' that other clinics can emulate. The potential benefit of replicating this kind of study in other provinces, and indeed, other SSA countries cannot be overemphasised.

Community Health Centers↗
PubMed1996

[Thrombolysis of an extensive venous thrombosis of the lower body in an anomaly of the vena cava inferior].

HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: A 41-year-old man was admitted to hospital for acute pain in the right flank. At first urolithiasis was suspected but excluded by sonography and excretion urography. Computed tomography (CT) was performed because of increasing pain and swelling of the left leg. It showed bilateral thrombosis of the deep leg and pelvic veins as well as of the infrarenal inferior vena cava (IVC) and the right renal vein. The patient's general condition was impaired. The circumference of the left leg was greater than that of the right by 5 cm 15 cm above the knee joint space and both legs had marked varicosities with congestive dermatitis. INVESTIGATIONS: The concentration of the thrombin-antithrombin complex was 13.4 micrograms/l, D-dimer 124 micrograms/l, prothrombin fragment F1+2 3,5 nmol/l and fibrin monomere 27.7 micrograms/ml, as expression of a manifest thrombosis. CT with contrast medium demonstrated the previously sonographically shown extent of the thrombosis. In addition the hepatic IVC segment was absent. The azygos vein was enlarged and there was an extensive collateral circulation. TREATMENT AND COURSE: Systemic thrombolysis (streptokinase for 3 days, then urokinase) for 11 days dissolved the thrombi and CT now demonstrated complete recanalization of the caudal deep vein system and the IVC abnormality (absence of hepatic segment). After intravenous thrombolysis oral anticoagulation with phenprocoumon was started and will be continued all the patient's life.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Vascular function parameters in idiopathic and quartz-induced progressive scleroderma].

In 15 patients with systemic sclerosis (SS) and 8 patients suffering from silicosis and/or silica dust exposure-associated scleroderma (SAS), various parameters of endothelial cell and platelet function and of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis were studied. In 9 of the 23 patients the values for the von Willebrand factor antigen were increased, and the same applied to the endothelin levels in 8 of 23 patients. Protein C, protein S, anti-thrombin III and tissue plasminogen activator (before and after 10 min venous occlusion) were normal. The plasminogen activator inhibitor, however, was increased in 5 patients. Increased levels of platelet factor 4 and of beta-thromboglobulin were found in 20 patients, while the ADP- and epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation was reduced in 5 patients. No individual patient was found to have a general disturbance of all parameters. The deviations in the parameters of endothelial cell and platelet function and of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis proved to be rather inconsistent. This suggests different functional stages in dependence on the various influential factors. There was no close correlation either with the severity of Raynaud's phenomenon or with the type of SS. In addition, there were no basic differences between SS and SAS. The disturbances occurred with similar frequency and in similar proportions in both disease groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Gestosis, thrombophilia and pulmonary embolism in a primipara with twin pregnancy].

This is a case report on a course of gemini-pregnancy complicated by gestosis, recurrent submassive pulmonary embolism and discordant growth of the hypotrophic twins. It is concluded from this report that: 1. the AT-III-deficiency in gestosis can be caused by loss and consumption; 2. due to decrease below a critical AT-III-level the coagulation-fibrinolysis system tends to decompensate, reflected in a disseminated intravascular coagulation and/or a pulmonary embolism. The tendency consists particularly in immobilisation and stasis; 3. the daily determination of AT III, better of TAT-complex and D-dimer, the daily clinical examination regarding signs of thrombosis and in cases of heparinization the measurement of PTT several times daily, are necessary to avoid or recognise disorders, of the coagulation-fibrinolysis-system at an early stage. 4. The increased consumption in coagulation systems can be avoided by AT-III substitution and correct heparinisation. 5. In cases of risk of pulmonary embolisation in pregnancy a cava filter should be temporarily implanted. The filter must be changed every 3 days, if it is required for a longer period. 6. In high-risk pregnancy the check for factors of thrombophilia is a basic diagnostic procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Clinico-neurologic and neurophysiologic findings in hemophilic boys and their effect on social integration].

Prophylactic substitution of severe (sometimes even moderate) haemophilia (home self-treatment) has, besides other measures, not only had a positive effect on the findings in the joints but also on the danger of bleeding in the CNS. The injuries of the head in haemophiliacs are analysed and the social integration is shown (school, occupation, spare-time planning). Compared with previous information in literature the high incidence of pathological EEG findings has decreased. Without observing clinically perceptible deficits, the acoustically evoked brain stem potentials were often found to be altered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Cytochrome c oxidase deficiency and long-chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency with Leigh's subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy.

A female infant was seen at the age of 2 months because of hypotonia, delayed motor development, and lactic acidosis, and she died at age 13 months due to respiratory failure. In a muscle specimen taken at 11 months and in a liver specimen obtained 1.5 hours postmortem, we found decreased activities of cytochrome c oxidase and long-chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase. Neuropathological changes were typical for Leigh's subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a combined defect of complex IV of the respiratory chain and of the long-chain specific acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase of beta-oxidation in muscle and liver.

Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1988

Thrombophilia in blood-donation for plasma- and cytapheresis caused by antithrombin III depletion.

Induced by the case of a blood-donor with more than 100 donations-mostly apheresis-who suffered acute thromboembolism caused by antithrombin III depletion, nearly 60 apheresis-donors were examined before, during and after aphereses, as well manual fourfold as computerized (CS-3000 TRAVENOL) cytaphereses with special methods of coagulation, mainly antithrombin III levels and fibrin-monomeres. The findings were described and compared, multifold in manual techniques happened breaks caused by occluded tubules were accompanied with decrease of antithrombin III and positive FM-tests. It was discussed, if apheresis-techniques for themselves (extracorporal multifold manipulation in manual techniques and contact with artificial surfaces in both kinds of techniques) can be the reason for a hypercoagulation. It seems to be important, how is the situation of apheresis-donor before starting, therefore we give the recommendation, to pay more attention in examination this kind of donors, additional with testing antithrombin III levels and tests for fibrin-monomers.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[New aspects in the therapy of thrombosis and prevention of recurrence in pregnancy].

Therapy of phlebothrombosis during pregnancy general is carried out with heparin, in which case the initial hospital treatment may be continued later on with subcutaneous applications of heparin in the out-patient department. Regular clinical and apparative controls are performed during pregnancy within. Low dose heparin is injected up to the optimal dicumarol blood level (beginning with the 2nd day post partum) immediately pre-, intra- and postpartelly. - Coagulation analyses in 11 patients with former phlebothrombosis during pregnancy revealed no antithrombin III-deficiency, but hints to insufficient fibrinolysis in four cases.

Blood Coagulation Tests↗
PubMed1986

[Results of a long-term study of arteriosclerotic circulatory disorders with polyene fatty acid therapy].

The antiatherogenic oil diet as one factor of therapy causes the hope of favourable effects in the complex primary prophylaxis. By means of this alone, however, a regression of a clinically significant arteriosclerosis cannot be achieved within 3 years, through biochemically unequivocal "antiatherogenic" effects are to be proved. Linseed-oil, fish and fish oil seem to be particularly suited to cause these effects desired.

Arteriosclerosis Obliterans↗
PubMed1985

[Long-term anticoagulation of the post-thrombotic syndrome].

Observations of the course in 20 patients who underwent a long-term anticoagulation due to postthrombotic syndromes resulted in a clinical improvement according to the degrees of severity of the GDR section phlebology as well as in an increase of the plethysmographically measurable venous regurgitation. Thus the late sequelae of the postthrombotic syndrome may possibly reduced by long-term anticoagulation. In one third of the patients despite the anticoagulant therapy a decreased antithrombin-III-value was found.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Development of collateral circulation in arterial occlusions in advanced age].

Plethysmographic course controls in 15 male patients at the age between 70 and 76.5 years showed that the maximum of the collateral blood supply in arteriosclerosis in the femoral region is reached 1-2 years at the latest after vascular occlusion. The peak-flow-values measured confirm the possibility of efficient collaterals also at older age. When there is a bad early compensation of the artery occlusions, we intended to test in time, whether or not a percutaneous transluminal angioplasty or a local thrombolysis are possible. Furthermore, in 100 male patients with arteriosclerotic disturbances of the blood supply of the legs the plethysmographic measurement of the reactive blood supply showed that the internationally usual haemodynamic subdivision into degrees of severity also concerns the age group between 60 and 75 years. With progressing Fontaine-stage a decrease of the reactive blood supply (first-flow, peak-flow) and an increase of the peak-flow-time were found.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

[Thrombosis therapy and the prophylaxis of thrombosis recurrences in obstetrics].

IN general the therapy of thrombosis during pregnancy is carried out with heparin, in which case the initial hospital treatment may be continued later on with double subcutaneous applications of heparin in the out-patient department. Apart from coagulation-physiological parameters plethysmography and/or ultrasound Doppler method serve for the control of the course. Within the prophylaxis of recidivations in earlier thromboembolism during pregnancy regular clinical and apparative controls are performed, in which cases in the last third of the pregnancy the possibilities of the consideration work are used. Immediately pre-, intra- and postpartally heparin is injected with low dose up to the optimum phenprokoumon regulation (beginning with the 2nd day post partum). Thromboses in the anamnesis are no essential risk, when an optimum prophylaxis of thrombosis is guaranteed during pregnancy and puerperium

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Interferons and their importance for prevention and therapy in man and animals].

In form of a survey of the actual international literature, taking into consideration own investigations, the present stage of knowledge concerning properties of interferones, inductors, course of synthesis and therapeutic mechanism is described. The effect of the interferones is in a manifold way connected with the effect of other factors of the infection defence, with complement, properdin, activity of phagocytosis and formation of antibodies. Though the application of interferone is still connected with great difficulties, encouraging results were yielded already in respiratory diseases and in tumour diseases, too. These results justify the performance of further experiments.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed1978

[Results of in vivo analysis of injected fibrinogen degradation products and factor VIII in patients with hemophilia A].

Seven patients with haemophilia A CP were injected in a dosage of 1 to 3 double units, which were stored for 127 days partly deep-frozen, partly lyophilized and after this time contained fibrinogen fission products (16--256 microgram/ml). Though in two patients after the transfusion positive WA of the injected fibrinogen fission products were established, a relevant influence on the fibrinogen fission product levels of the patients is to be expected only after administration of larger quantities of such preparations. The therapeutic efficacy of the stored CP was insufficient, since despite good in-vitro-activities of factor VIII the increase of factor VIII in four patients was slight and retarding and did not take place in three patients.

Blood Preservation↗