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H Schild

Publications and source records attributed to H Schild.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Animal experiment studies on the influence of fatty infiltration of liver cells on tissue relaxation times and signal changes in magnetic resonance tomography].

Using a spectrometer (n = 60) in vitro and MRT imaging (n = 8) in vivo, we studied the influence of fatty changes of liver cells on the relaxation times of the liver (two animal models of fatty liver disease/orotic acid, L-ethionine). Induction of fatty degeneration of the liver by means of an orotic acid diet resulted in pure deposition of fat in the liver without any histological or serological proof of inflammatory changes. Although accumulation of triglyceride in the liver reduced the T1 relaxation time only relatively slightly (-15%), there was good correlation (r = 0.88) between fat content and T1. There was also good correlation (r = 0.92) between T2 and histological fat content. Inflammatory changes besides fatty deposition were seen both serologically and histologically in the L-ethionine model, so that the fatty content did not correlate with T1. In-vivo MRT imaging showed that spin-echo sequences are inappropriate for diagnosing fatty infiltration of the liver despite the relaxation time changes produced by the fatty deposition. On the other hand, chemical-shift imaging sequences are very sensitive to identify fatty deposits, and are also independent of any additionally existing inflammatory changes.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1995

[The identification of unknown corpses by x-ray comparison].

Between 1987 and 1993, 30 unknown bodies were identified by means of pre- and postmortem radiographs at the Forensic Institute in Mainz. Our experience indicates that radiological identification comprises a useful, rapid and cheap method, at least as valuable as dactyloscopy or odontological comparisons. The ages of available radiographs were up to 25 years; the most suitable regions are the skull (11), pelvis and lumbar spine (6), lower femur and knee (5) and distal leg with the ankle joint (5). In respect of the problem of objectifying the probability of identity, possibilities for solutions are shown.

Accidents↗
PubMed1995

[Turbo-spin-echo (TSE) sequences with selective fat suppression (SPIR) compared with chemical shift sequences in MRI for differentiation of adrenal tumors. Spectral Presaturation by Inversion Recovery].

AIM: The value of chemical-shift-gradient-echo sequences and turbo-spin-echo sequences with selective fat suppression (SPIR = Spectral Presaturation by Inversion Recovery) in the differentiation of benign and malignant adrenal tumours was investigated. METHODS: Both techniques were performed at 1.5 T in 22 patients with 24 tumours. The loss of signal intensity of the tumour or of the signal intensity ratio between tumour and liver or muscle on the opposed phase Fast-Field-Echo (FFE) sequence in comparison to the in phase FFE sequence or on the TSE-SPIR sequence compared to the TSE sequence was the criterion for intratumoral lipid, suggesting a benign mass. RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of the chemical shift technique was 62-77 and 100%, respectively. In adrenal tumours larger than 1.5 cm sensitivity of the chemical-shift technique was 89%. On the contrary sensitivity of the TSE-SPIR sequence was only 11-78%. Both techniques had a specificity of 100%. CONCLUSION: The chemical shift technique is more accurate in the differentiation of adrenal masses than the TSE-SPIR sequence.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1995

[The incidence, age dependence and sex distribution of the calcaneal spur. An analysis of its x-ray morphology in 1027 patients of the central European population].

In 1027 lateral radiograms of the ankle in a Caucasian population, 161 plantar and/or dorsal calcaneal spurs (15.7%) were diagnosed. Plantar spurs were more common than dorsal spurs (11.2 and 9.3% respectively). Prevalence of both spurs increases considerably with the rising age. Dorsal spurs appear slightly earlier than plantar spurs. The spur frequencies are similar in left and right feet. The plantar spurs were significantly (p < 0.0001) more common in women than in men in general, while dorsal spurs were more frequent in men than in women up to the age of 70. The previously reported higher frequencies of plantar and dorsal calcaneal spurs in women than in men are probably a result of a disproportionally higher number of women in higher age in the groups studied. In forensic medicine, calcaneal spurs provide evidence for identity and age of unknown corpses, and to certain extend their profession, physical activities and constitution during life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Stent implantation as a palliative therapeutic measure in tumor-induced stenoses of the large veins of the body].

PURPOSE: Self-expandable metallic stents were used to treat patients with malignant venous obstructions to determine their effectiveness in producing symptomatic palliation. METHODS: 20 patients with a total of 28 tumour-induced obstructions of the superior vena cava (n = 13), the inferior vena cava (n = 4), the subclavian (n = 4), the innominate (n = 5) and the iliac veins (n = 2) were treated with self-expandable metallic stents. 38 Gianturco stents and 21 Wallstents were applied. Patients were heparinised during the procedure and up to three days afterwards. RESULTS: In all patients correct positioning of the stents was achieved. In 16 patients stent placement resulted in relief of their symptoms. In 8 patients the symptoms completely disappeared without recurrence until death as a result of tumour progression. The follow-up ranged from 10 days to 14 months. In 8 still living patients no re-obstruction occurred (follow-up average three months). In one patient thrombotic stent occlusion occurred 6 days after the procedure; the v. cava superior was reopened again by local urokinase therapy. Three patients finally developed re-occlusion due to tumour progression. In one patient stent placement was complicated by migration of the Gianturco stent one day after stent implantation and reocclusion of the subclavian vein. CONCLUSION: The application of self-expandable metallic stents in patients with malignant venous obstruction is a useful palliative therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Value of turbo-spin-echo sequences in cerebral magnetic resonance tomography in children].

AIM: The value of turbo-spin-echo (TSE) sequences was compared with conventional spin-echo (SE) and inversion-recovery (IR) sequences for cerebral MRT in 70 children at 0.5 T and 1.5 T. In addition we evaluated whether proton weighted sequences (PD) were diagnostically important and in what proportion of cases. METHOD: Conventional T1 and T2 weighted SE and T2 weighted TSE sequences were used in all children. An IR sequence was performed in 39 patients. The various sequences were analysed semiquantitatively with regard to image quality, artifacts and the demonstration of normal and anatomical structures and pathological findings. RESULTS: By any criteria, TSE sequences were superior to conventional T2 weighted SE sequences at 0.5T and 1.5 T, requiring a shorter examination time (35-53%). In 8.6% the pathological finding was best seen on PD-SE sequences (5 glial scars, 1 tumor). CONCLUSION: Although TSE sequences are better than T2 SE sequences with regard to image quality and the demonstration of abnormalities, conventional double-echo SE sequences (with PD and T2 weighted images) cannot be entirely replaced by T2 weighted TSE sequences in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Turbo-spin-echo sequences with selective fat suppression (SPIR) in the MRI of focal liver lesions at 0.5 tesla].

PURPOSE: The value of T2 weighted turbo-spin-echo sequences with selective fat suppression (TSE-SPIR) in the detection and differential diagnosis of focal liver lesions was compared to TSE sequences and conventional T1 weighted spin-echo (T1 SE) sequences at 0.5T. METHODS: In 50 patients with focal liver lesions T1 SE-TSE-, and TSE-SPIR sequences were performed. Two independent readers evaluated the sequences with regard to the image quality, fat suppression, and the number and conspicuity of liver lesions. Quantitative analysis was performed by tumour-liver contrast-to-noise (CNR) measurements. RESULTS: From a total of 118 liver lesions the T1 SE sequence, the TSE sequence, and the TSE-SPIR sequence showed 85.6%, 83.9%, and 91.5%, respectively (p < 0.05). The tumour-liver CNR of malignant liver lesions was 30.2-46.6% higher on the TSE-SPIR sequence compared to the TSE sequence (p < 0.01). With the exception of fat-containing lesions there was no significant difference of CNR in benign lesions on both TSE sequences. CONCLUSION: With regard to lesion detection the TSE-SPIR sequence is superior to the TSE sequence without fat suppression, whereas it is inferior to the TSE sequence in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1995

[Distribution of hematopoietic and fatty bone marrow in the proximal humerus and scapula: magnetic resonance tomography and macroscopic anatomy].

PURPOSE: To establish the distribution pattern of haematopoietic and fatty bone marrow on MRI of the proximal humerus and the scapula in correlation with age, gender and nutritive factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 32 shoulder MR examinations (T1-weighted spin-echo and opposed-phase gradient-echo sequences) from 24 patients and 8 volunteers were analysed retrospectively. The amount of haematopoietic bone marrow within the proximal humerus and scapula was classified into four groups and was correlated with age (H-test), gender (chi 2-Test), and thickness of subcutaneous fat (H-test). The marrow distribution within 10 scapulae of cadavers over 60 years of age at death was studied. RESULTS: With increasing age, the amount of haematopoietic bone marrow in the proximal humeral metaphysis tends to decrease from lateral towards medial (H-test, p = 0.3). Diaphysis and epiphysis did not show haematopoietic marrow. The amount of haematopoietic bone marrow within the paraglenoid region of the scapula also revealed a decrease with increasing age (H-test, p = 0.003). Females had higher amounts of haematopoietic marrow than males (chi 2-test, p = 0.03). The thickness of subcutaneous fat was independent of the marrow distribution. CONCLUSION: The amount of haematopoietic bone-marrow of the shoulder girdle decreases with increasing age. The knowledge of marrow distribution patterns based upon these changes is important for shoulder MRI interpretation to prevent confusion with infiltrative disease.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1995

Natural ligand motifs of H-2E molecules are allele specific and illustrate homology to HLA-DR molecules.

Motifs of peptides naturally associated with H-2Ek and Ed molecules were determined by (I) pool sequencing of natural ligand mixtures and (II) sequencing of individual natural ligands followed by their alignment to the basic motif suggested by pool sequencing. The data reveal nine amino acid motifs with interaction sites at relative positions P1, P4, P6 and P9, with specificities that are identical at some but different at other anchor positions between Ed and Ek motifs, illustrating the different requirements for peptides to be presented by these two MHC molecules. The anchors with the most restricted specificity are P1 and P9. P1 is aliphatic for Ek and predominantly aromatic for Ed. P9 is positively charged for both molecules. P4 and P6 show a totally different amino acid preference between Ek and Ed ligand motifs. An alignment of Ed and Ek protein sequences to the recently reported HLA-DR1 pocket residues is in agreement with observed anchor residues in Ek and Ed motifs, thus confirming the predicted similarity of mouse class II E molecules with human DR molecules. Furthermore, this alignment was extended to the putative pockets of class II Eb and Ek molecules, and allowed, together with sequence information of previously identified natural ligands of Eb and Ec molecules, a prediction of their respective motifs. The information obtained by this study should be useful to identify putative class II E epitopes in proteins and to design peptides for blocking class II E molecules.

Alleles↗
PubMed1995

[Conventional roentgen examination of the lung in fibrosing alveolitis--correlation with histological, clinical and biochemical findings].

QUESTION: Is it possible to draw conclusions on aetiology, histology or clinical course, looking at the different radiomorphologic appearance and its changes in chest x-rays of patients with "fibrosing alveolitis"? MATERIAL AND METHOD: Retrospective correlation of chest x-rays with all relevant clinical and histological data of 33 patients. RESULTS: In all patients typical clinical signs with changes of lung function and typical histological changes were found. There was no strict correlation between single parameters and radiological findings. In the estimation of the clinical course, no correspondence between radiological findings and clinical data was found in only 18% of the parameters. CONCLUSION: The chest x-ray is an objective investigation which clearly shows the course of fibrosing alveolitis beside its undisputed function in diagnosing acute complications like infiltration, effusion or development of pneumothorax.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1995

[Diagnostic imaging in primary hepatobiliary cystadenoma of the liver].

The clinical and radiological findings of 5 patients with a total of 7 hepatobiliary cystadenomas are reported. In all cases sonography and computed tomography were performed, in three cases angiography was carried out, and in one case magnetic resonance imaging was used. On sonography and computed tomography hepatobiliary cystadenomas exhibit relatively typical findings as a multicystic, space-occupying lesion with septation and papillary mucosal nodes; hence the diagnosis can be made preoperatively in most cases. For differential diagnosis, the malignant form, hepatobiliary cystadenocarcinoma has to be considered which can only be distinguished from the benign form by histology.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1995

[Atypical focal fatty liver].

Focal fatty liver disease can cause difficulties in the differential diagnosis by ultrasound, CT, and MRI. This case report describes the atypical findings of focal spared areas of fatty liver disease in association with inflammatory changes, which were thought to be malignant focal liver lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The nature of major histocompatibility complex recognition by gamma delta T cells.

Despite intensive efforts, the general rules for gamma delta T cell recognition remain undefined. Here, we take advantage of the detailed knowledge of the molecular structure and biosynthetic pathways of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules to analyze the recognition properties of the gamma delta T cell clones LBK5 (specific for the class II MHC, IEk) and G8 (specific for the nonclassical class I MHC, TL10b). We find that the activation of these clones requires neither class I nor class II antigen-processing and that peptides do not confer specificity. Epitope mapping also shows that the topology of gamma delta T cell receptor interaction with the MHC is distinct from that of alpha beta T cells. These results suggest that the molecular nature of gamma delta T cell recognition is fundamentally different than that of alpha beta T cells.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

[1H-MR spectroscopic imaging: an approach to evaluating alcohol breakdown in the brain].

The local alcohol concentration in the human brain was determined in 10 cases using MR spectroscopic imaging. Therefore 7 subjects with an average blood alcohol concentration of 0.8/000 were examined after oral intake of alcoholic beverages. Varying alcohol concentration was found intracranially which was recorded spectroscopically w.r.t. time. Relatively high ethanol concentrations were determined in the cerebellum as well as in the ventricular system. Contrary to this, lower concentrations were found in the regions of grey and white matter.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[THe differentiation between benign and malignant liver lesions by unenhanced MRI].

UNLABELLED: The aim of the study was to establish qualitative criteria for differentiating between malignant and benign focal lesions of the liver using unenhanced MRT at 0.5 Tesla. PATIENTS AND METHOD: 72 patients with 103 focal liver lesions were examined with T1 and T2 weighted SE sequences. The images were examined by three radiologists according to qualitative criteria (homogeneity, form and signal of the lesions compared with liver, spleen and muscle). RESULTS: The most specific sign applying to 90% of malignant lesions were diffuse or irregular contours on T2 weighted sequences; this had a sensitivity of 43%. For all other features, specificity for malignancy was less than 67%. CONCLUSION: Using these sequences and criteria it is not possible to distinguish between malignant and benign lesions of the liver with sufficient accuracy.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1994

[Computerized tomography of kidney tumors].

Among 220 renal tumors which we detected by computed tomography, there were 168 renal cell carcinomas, 24 tumor of the renal pelvis, 16 angiomyolipomas, 6 Wilms tumors, 3 oncocytomas, one liposarcoma, one mesenchymal tumor, and one rhabdomyosarcoma. Computed tomography had the highest accuracy of the diagnostic procedures with a sensitivity of 99.5% and a specificity of 98%. 83% of the renal cell carcinomas showed signs of malignancy in computed tomography; the staging of the renal tumors by computed tomography was correct in 67% of the cases. The diagnostic value of other diagnostic tools (sonography, urography, angiography, cavography) of renal tumors is discussed in terms of our own results.

Adolescent↗