[What the technician should be careful of in preparation of full porcelain artificial teeth].
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to H Schwickerath.
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Studies of extracted teeth showed that, when the width of the interval is increased by 0.1 mm, the depth of the interval enlarged an average of 0.067 mm. It would seem that, in terms of cement caries, the attachment cement loosens more quickly under the effect of carious processes. The loss of substance is less when the cement seams are below the gingival cuff. Laboratory tests of cement seams showed the loss of substance to be slight with zinc-oxide-phosphate cements. A distinct shrinkage was observed with carboxylate cements. The greatest amount of loss was reported with the EBA cement.
The optimal ratio between powder and fluid cannot be obtained in most cases with the dosage suggested in the manufacturers instructions for carboxylate cement. The mixtures usually do not contain enough powder. Pouring tests showed the processing period to be longer. The processing time is shortened by heating the cement to mouth temperature (37 degrees C) after mixing.
The influence of the moment of inertia on the periodontal alterations developing in abutment teeth was determined in 181 cast sublingual partial bar dentures after an average of 4 1/2 years. A significant influence could not be established. A considerable increase in the degree of loosening and/or pocket depth was observed when the dimensions were too small. It therefore is recommended that the minimal dimensions of the sublingual bars with segmental profile should not be less than 3.2 mm in height and 1.6 mm in width.
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The bending test can be used to ascertain the suitability of various metals for use in dental prostheses, particularly as material for retaining elements. The effects of prior stress (i.e., bending) or the dependence of the strength characteristics on the production can be seen particularly following stress produced by permanent swelling. A comparison of the various test results showed that the value of the technical limits of elasticity (0.01%) alone should be used for the theoretical computations for clips used as retaining elements. Statements concerning the suitability of a particular metal under endurance stress can only be made in this way. The homogeneity of cast parts should be established by determining the raw density.
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Tests of bending strength carried out on rods of metal alloys and ceramic material as well as on rods of bound metal ceramic material provided information concerning the properties of the basic materials. The influence of the 0.2% limit and the E-modulus of metal alloys on the strength of the bound constructions is only ascertainable in a few cases. This is attributed to the considerable influence of the binding strength of the metal ceramic material on the strength of the whole construction.
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The loading capacity of teeth is determined by various factors. Apart from size and quality of the surfaces to which force is transmitted, the shape of the root and how far it is inserted are especially important. It was found that primarily teeth with cylindrical roots can accept greater masticatory forces than teeth with tapered roots and react to a considerably smaller extent if the root is not deeply inserted. If the force applies outside the longitudinal axis running through the center of gravity, the loading capacity decreases with increasing distance.
A new test arrangement for metric recording of color changes is described. Its usability is demonstrated by measurements made in test specimens of composite filling materials. Measurable differences were observed with both the original color and "yellowing" after irradiation. The color changes are visible with the naked eye, but objective comparison is possible by metric determination only.
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