Biomedical subjects

H Seward

Publications and source records attributed to H Seward.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1998

Comparison of injuries in elite senior and junior Australian football.

Three thousand and thirty one AFL and 1034 injuries in the VSFL U/18 competition were recorded by club doctors over the 1992, 1993 and 1994 seasons. Hamstring strains had the highest incidence (86.4 per 10,000 player hours) and prevalence (30.2 hours missed per 1000 hours) of any injury in the AFL, but were significantly less common in the U/18 competition. Other injuries which were common in both competitions were ankle sprains, thigh haematomas, concussion, groin strains and head lacerations. Injury prevalence was higher overall in the AFL, with lower limb muscle strains (hamstring, calf, quadriceps) being significantly more prevalent than in the U/18 competition. Injuries which were significantly more prevalent in the U/18 competition included stress fractures and concussion. Subsequent to this study, coaches and medical staff in the U/18 competition were made aware of the high risk of stress fractures in young footballers with heavy training loads. The AFL injury survey is ongoing and in the process of being computerised; risk factors for specific injuries with high rates are being studied further.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Evidence for a causal relationship between the structure, size, and load of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals, and attacks of pseudogout.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate any relationship between the nature, size, and numbers of synovial fluid (SF) calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystals, and attacks of pseudogout. METHODS: Knee SF was aspirated from nine selected patients, first during an attack of pseudogout (acute sample) and again later when the attack had subsided (interval sample). CPPD crystals were extracted, weighed, examined by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and characterised by size and crystal habit (monoclinic or triclinic). Structural analysis was carried out by x ray powder diffraction (XRD) and the proportions of monoclinic to triclinic CPPD were estimated from densitometric measurements of selected key reflections. RESULTS: The mean crystal size, by HRTEM, indicated that the crystals in the acute sample were larger than those in the interval sample. The ratio of monoclinic to triclinic CPPD, whether estimated from their morphological appearance by HRTEM, or from XRD, was greater in the acute than in the interval sample in all nine patients. The total amount of extracted mineral varied, but in every patient the concentration of CPPD per ml of fluid, and the total mineral per joint, were greater in the acute sample than in the interval sample. CONCLUSION: In this highly selected group of patients, the large numbers of CPPD crystals associated with attacks of pseudogout included a greater proportion of monoclinic crystals, and larger crystals, than those present when inflammation had subsided. A special, phlogistic population of crystals may exist, originating in different joint tissues, or cleared in a different manner, than the more common populations of smaller crystals with a greater proportion of triclinic CPPD, seen in chronic disease.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1994

Learning phacoemulsification: the surgeon-in-training.

With the increasing trend towards phacoemulsification a perceived increased complication rate during the learning curve gives rise to a dilemma as to the best stage at which a surgeon-in-training can safely learn the technique. We prospectively analysed the complications and visual outcome of the first 160 phacoemulsification procedures performed by three surgeons-in-training. The main outcome measures included posterior capsule tear, vitreous and nuclear loss, surgical re-intervention rate and visual outcome. Posterior capsule tear occurred in 7 eyes (4.4%) and vitreous loss in 6 (3.8%). No nucleus was lost in the vitreous. Surgical re-intervention was required in 1 eye. Best corrected visual acuity was 6/12 or better in 88% of eyes. These results compare favourably with reports of surgeons-in-training learning extracapsular surgery and also with recently reported phacoemulsification series. This study indicates that with careful case selection and supervision phacoemulsification can be a safe procedure.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

Submicroscopic crystals in osteoarthritic synovial fluids.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the hypothesis that synovial fluid (SF) from patients with osteoarthritis (OA) may contain calcium phosphate crystals that are either too small, or too few in number to be identified by conventional light microscopy techniques. METHODS: Twelve SF from 11 patients with established knee OA, five SF from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and two control samples of SF from patients with pseudogout were subjected to an enzyme/hypochlorite extraction procedure. The patients with OA and RA had no radiographic evidence of chondrocalcinosis, or SF crystals on polarised light microscopy. Extracted material was examined and analysed by analytical electron microscopy (AEM) and x ray powder diffraction (XRD). RESULTS: Mineral was found in 11 of 12 OA samples, ranging from 2-120 micrograms/ml SF. Analytical electron microscopy revealed calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystals in five (confirmed by XRD in three) and basic calcium phosphates (BCP) in eight (five on XRD). Two samples with confirmed CPPD contained some rods with a mean length below 100 nm. The majority of BCP clusters were also less than 100 nm in diameter. BCP was detected in 1/5 RA samples. Control samples contained CPPD crystals of the expected size range of 0.42-17.9 microns. CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate that many OA SF may contain CPPD or BCP crystals which are too small or too few in number to be identified by conventional techniques. Crystal deposition is not an 'on-off' phenomenon in OA.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

Football injuries in Australia at the élite level.

OBJECTIVE: To determine injury profiles for the élite level competitions of football played in Australia. DESIGN: Over the 1992 seasons, all injuries were prospectively recorded from 26 clubs in football competitions which included the Australian Football League (AFL), New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL) and New South Wales Rugby Union (NSWRU). RESULTS: Some 2398 injuries were reported. In Australian Rules football, the most common injury was the hamstring tear (13%); this also accounted for the most time missed due to injury (16%). In rugby league and union, the most common injuries were head and facial lacerations (11% and 20%) followed by concussion (8% and 5%). The injuries accounting for most time missed were fractures and knee ligament injuries in the rugby codes. In Australian Rules football there were more lower limb muscle strain injuries, a high proportion of which were recurrences, with a significant incidence during training sessions. In the rugby codes, minor injuries to the head and neck were more common, particularly in forwards. While rugby league players suffered the most injuries, AFL injuries were on average more severe and consequently the total time missed through injury by players in these two codes was very similar. Rugby union had a significantly lower injury prevalence at the élite club competition level than rugby league or Australian Rules football. CONCLUSION: Injury rates in the élite football competitions are high, warranting ongoing analysis and further study in particular areas.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries↗

PubMed1993

Learning phaco in a teaching environment.

We prospectively analysed the complications and visual outcome of the first 160 phacoemulsification procedures performed by three surgeons in training under supervision. The main complications were posterior capsular tear (4,35%), vitreous loss (3,3%), nuclear loss (none) and surgical reintervention (one). Postoperative visual acuity was 0,7 or better in 94% of eyes without pre-existing pathology. Only one eye did not have a posterior chamber lens implanted.

Cataract Extraction↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of Orem's model on nurse attitudes and charting behavior.

This article describes a program evaluation that examines the effect of Orem's self-care nursing model on the attitudes of nurses and on charting behavior. Implementing Orem's model increased staff nurse satisfaction with nursing and enhanced nurses' perception of the value of patient teaching.

Adult↗