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Biomedical subjects

H Shinbo

Publications and source records attributed to H Shinbo.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Mechanisms responsible for increase in circulating inhibin levels at the time of ovulation in mares.

In female mammals, inhibin is secreted by the granulosa cells and selectively inhibits secretion of FSH. Although circulating immunoreactive (ir)-inhibin levels decrease after ovulation as a result of the disappearance of its main source, they abruptly increase at the time of ovulation in mares. To investigate the mechanisms responsible for this increase, 50 ml of equine follicular fluid (eFF) was administered into the abdominal cavity of mares during the luteal phase (eFF, n = 4). One hour after treatment, plasma levels of ir-inhibin and inhibin pro-alphaC (but not estradiol-17beta) were significantly higher in eFF-treated mares than in control mares (n = 4). The hormone profiles in eFF-treated mares were similar to those in mares with the spontaneous or hCG induced ovulations. The present study demonstrates that the release of follicular fluid into the abdominal cavity when the follicle ruptures is responsible for the ovulatory inhibin surge in the mare. These findings also suggest that circulating inhibin pro-alphaC may be useful for determining the time of ovulation in the mare.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Voiding dysfunction in a patient with adolescent adrenoleukodystrophy.

The details are reported of bladder dysfunction in a Japanese boy with adrenoleukodystrophy. He developed gait disturbance at the age of 15 years. Spastic paraparesis progressed from the legs to the hands and brain magnetic resonance imaging showed characteristic degenerative change. Detrusor hyperreflexia was found by a urodynamic study and detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia was also suspected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Simultaneous bilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy in ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia.

Laparoscopic surgery for urological conditions has now become popular worldwide. The case is reported of a 56-year-old woman who underwent simultaneous bilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy for adrenocorticotropic hormone-independent macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia (AIMAH), followed by autotransplantation of resected adrenal gland fragments. Simultaneous laparoscopic adrenalectomies seem feasible for a patient with AIMAH because of its minimally invasive nature. However, autotransplantation of adrenal fragments failed in this patient with AIMAH.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed2000

Effect of age on the responses of rat bladder detrusor strips to adenosine triphosphate.

OBJECTIVE: To assess age-related changes in bladder function using the contractile responses to ATP of detrusor strips from rats of various ages. Materials and methods Urinary bladders were obtained from male Wistar rats aged 9 weeks (young), 24 weeks (adult) and 24 months (aged). Contractions of urinary bladder muscle strips to ATP were measured isometrically. The size of the initial phasic response and the secondary contractile response that developed after washing out ATP (postwashout contraction) were measured. The magnitudes of the ATP-induced phasic and postwashout contraction were compared among the age groups. During the contractions, prostanoid concentrations in the organ-bath medium were measured using an enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: The ATP-induced postwashout contraction did not occur after stimulation with KCl or acetylcholine, but was induced by alpha,beta-methylene ATP. Both the phasic and postwashout contractions were concentration-dependent. Although the phasic contraction did not change progressively with age, the magnitude and duration of the postwashout contraction increased substantially with age. Nicardipine (a calcium antagonist) slightly inhibited both contractions. Suramin (a nonselective P2-receptor antagonist) did not significantly inhibit the phasic contraction, but reduced the postwashout contraction. PPADS (a selective P2X receptor antagonist) did not inhibit either contraction. Indomethacin (a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor) had no effect on the phasic contraction but almost completely blocked the postwashout contraction when added before ATP stimulation, but was less effective when added after ATP. The prostaglandin E2 concentration in the organ bath increased during the postwashout contraction. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the ATP-induced postwashout contraction is not directly mediated by P2x purinoceptors, but results from the synthesis of prostaglandins, especially E2, which is a sensory autacoid. The age-linked increase in postwashout contraction may be involved in the changes in sensory and voiding mechanisms seen in the aged urinary bladder.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1999

Recycling of urea associated with the host plant urease in the silkworm larvae, Bombyx mori.

Urea concentration and urease activity in the midgut content were compared between larvae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori fed an artificial diet and those fed fresh mulberry leaves. A considerable amount of urea was found in the midgut content of the both larvae, however it was significantly lower in the larvae fed fresh mulberry leaves than in the larvae fed the artificial diet; average urea concentrations in the midgut content of the larvae fed fresh mulberry leaves and the artificial diet were 2.9 and 4.6 &mgr;mol/g, respectively. Urea in the midgut content seems to be secreted from the insect itself since the amount of urea in both diets were negligibly small. Urease activity was detected only in the midgut content of the larvae fed fresh mulberry leaves but not in other tissues of the larvae. On the other hand, no urease activity was detected in the midgut content of the larvae fed the artificial diet. Subsequently, to elucidate the role of mulberry leaf urease in the midgut lumen, larvae that had been reared on the artificial diet were switched to fresh mulberry leaves. The diet switch caused a rapid decrease in urea concentration in the midgut content and an increase in ammonia concentration in the midgut content, suggesting that secreted urea could be hydrolyzed to ammonia by mulberry leaf urease in the midgut lumen. Furthermore, to investigate the physiological significance of mulberry leaf urease on urea metabolism of the silkworm, (15)N-urea was injected into the hemocoel, and after 12 h the larvae were dissected for (15)N analysis. A considerable amount of (15)N was found to be incorporated into the silk-protein of the larvae fed fresh mulberry leaves, but there was little incorporation of (15)N into the silk-protein of the larvae fed the artificial diet. These data indicate that urea is converted into ammonia by the action of mulberry leaf urease in the midgut lumen and used as a nitrogen source in larvae fed mulberry leaves.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

A selective increase in circulating inhibin and inhibin pro-alphaC at the time of ovulation in the mare.

The relationship between a selective increase in circulating immunoreactive (ir)-inhibin and the time of ovulation was investigated in mares. Concentrations of plasma ir-inhibin were measured every 4 h during the periovulatory period. Inhibin pro-alphaC, a precursor protein of the inhibin alpha-subunit, was also measured. The changes in ir-inhibin and inhibin pro-alphaC in circulation were parallel. Concentrations of both ir-inhibin and inhibin pro-alphaC in the plasma increased at the same time when ovulatory follicles ruptured, and the peak levels of circulating ir-inhibin and inhibin pro-alphaC were maintained for 4-8 h. There was no selective increase in plasma concentrations of estradiol-17beta during the process of ovulation. These results suggest that the selective increase in ir-inhibin and inhibin pro-alphaC was caused by the absorption of follicular fluid after the rupture of ovulatory follicles. These results also suggest that the measuring of plasma concentrations of ir-inhibin or inhibin pro-alphaC in mares might be a useful method for detecting the time of ovulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[A case of primary malignant lymphoma of the bladder].

A case of primary malignant lymphoma of the bladder is reported. A 61-year-old female visited our outpatient clinic with the chief complaints of asymptomatic grosshematuria and was recognized as having a bladder tumor by abdominal ultrasonography. On cystoscopic examination, the tumor was non-papillary and dome-like in shape. Computed tomography revealed that the bladder tumor was invading into the bladder wall. The histopathological study of endoscopic biopsy specimen revealed malignant lymphoma. After further examinations, it was diagnosed as primary malignant lymphoma of bladder, stage IE (Ann Arbor classification). Four courses of CHOP regimen (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, predonisolone) was performed and no lymphoma cell was found by re-biopsy at the primary site. No local or distant recurrence was found during the 15 months' follow up.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1998

Purification and characterization of NADH-dependent glutamate synthase from the silkworm fat body (Bombyx mori).

NADH-dependent glutamate synthase (Nadh-Gogat; EC 1.41.14) was purified 766-fold from the fat body of 5th instar larvae of the silkworm with a final specific activity of 13.8 units/mg protein by a produce including ammonium sulfate fraction, Q-Sepharose HP ion exchange column chromatography, Blue Sepharose FF affinity column chromatography and Superdex 200 HR gel filtration. The purified enzyme yielded a single band corresponding to a molecular mass of 195kDa by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Molecular mass of the native enzyme was estimated to be 190 kDa by Superdex 200HR gel filtration, suggesting that the enzyme is composed of a monomeric polypeptide. The enzyme showed an absorption spectrum with maximum values at 272, 375, and 435 nm, suggesting the presence of a flavin prosthetic group in the enzyme. The N-terminal amino acid sequence showed a high similarity to those of other GOGATs from plants, yeast and bacteria, but no similarity to other known proteins was detected. The enzyme exhibited a strong specificity to the electron donor and substrates; NADH as electron donor, 2-oxoglutarate as amino acceptor and glutamine as amino donor were essential for the catalytic activity. The optimum pH was around 7.5, at which Km values for 2-oxoglutarate, glutamine and NADH were 17, 220 and 5.7 micro M, respectively. Azaserine, 6-diazo-5-oxonorleucine and p-chloromercuribenzoic acid were strong inhibitors of the activity. These result show that NADH-GOGAT in the silkworm fat body strongly resembles other eukaryotic NADH-GOGATs, suggesting that it plays a significant role in ammonia assimilation in the same manner as the other enzymes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

The pathway of ammonia assimilation in the silkworm, Bombyx mori.

Ammonia can easily be assimilated into amino acids and used for silk-protein synthesis in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. To determine the metabolic pathway of ammonia assimilation, silkworm larvae were injected with methionine sulfoximine (MS), a specific inhibitor of glutamine synthetase (GS). Activity of GS in the fat body 2h after treatment with 400&mgr;g MS decreased to less than 10% of the control activity, whereas MS had no effect on the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), another enzyme which could possibly be responsible for ammonia assimilation. Glutamine concentration in the hemolymph rapidly decreased after MS treatment, while the ammonia level in the hemolymph sharply increased. Glutamine concentration in the hemolymph 4h after injection decreased with increasing doses of MS, whereas ammonia concentration increased in proportion to the MS dose. MS strongly blocked the incorporation of (15)N label into silk-protein in larvae injected with (15)N ammonia acetate, while it slightly inhibited the incorporation of (15)N-amide glutamine into silk-protein. These results suggest that ammonia is mainly assimilated into glutamine via the action of GS and then converted into other amino acids for silk-protein synthesis and that GDH does not play a major role in ammonia assimilation in B. mori.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

[Clinical experience with laparoscopy-assisted live donor nephrectomy].

PURPOSE: Laparoscopic nephrectomy has become widely performed because of its minimally invasive nature. We have performed laparoscopic nephrectomies for non-functioning kidneys and laparoscopy-assisted radical nephrectomies for renal carcinomas. Recently, we have successfully performed laparoscopy-assisted transperitoneal living related donor nephrectomy for kidney transplantation. To determine the efficacy of laparoscopy-assisted live donor nephrectomy, we investigated the clinical results of 2 patients operated upon with this new operation. PATIENTS: Case 1 was a 64-year-old healthy male and the left kidney was removed for his son who had a history of 4 months hemodialysis. Case 2 was 67-year-old healthy female who decided to donate her left kidney for her son with the history of 3 years and 2 months hemodialysis. METHODS: An upper abdominal midline incision of approximately 10 cm in length was made. Two retractors were attached to either side of the midline incision. The abdominal wall was raised by suspending these retractors from a special hanger. Then three trocars were introduced. The Gerota's fascia was incised and the kidney was suspended by grasping the perirenal fatty tissues. The renal artery and vein were carefully isolated without any manipulations of the kidney (non-touch method). After the transection of the ureter, the renal artery was ligated with a free tie of 1-0 silk and a suture ligature of 3-0 silk and the renal vain was clamped with a Satinski forceps. Immediately after the transection of the renal pedicle, the kidney was irrigated and transplanted to the right iliac fossa of the recipient in the usual fashion. A pen-rose drain was placed in the retroperitoneal space and the posterior peritoneal membrane was completely closed with 3-0 silk interrupted sutures. RESULTS: The mean operating time was 298 minutes and the mean blood loss was minimal. The average time of warm ischemia and cold ischemia of the graft were 4.5 minute and 37 minutes, respectively. There were no complications during either the operation or the postoperative period in both patients. The donors began oral intake and ambulation within 48 hours and resumed their normal daily activities by postoperative day 6.5 on average. Postoperative recovery of the patients were far faster than that of the patients receiving open donor nephrectomy. The graft functions were also excellent. The serum creatinine concentration of the recipients fell down to 0.82 mg/dl and 1.02 mg/dl at the third postoperative day. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopy-assisted live donor nephrectomy might be advantageous for kidney transplantation because of its minimally invasive procedure.

Female↗
PubMed1996

[Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for Cushing's syndrome: a study of comparisons between laparoscopic and open adrenalectomy, and laparoscopic adrenalectomy for differing adrenal tumors].

In order to evaluate the utility of laparoscopic adrenalectomy for Cushing's syndrome, the results of 6 laparoscopic adrenalectomies for Cushing's syndrome were compared with those of 34 other laparoscopic adrenalectomies, consisting of 7 pre-Cushing's syndromes, 13 primary aldosteronisms, and 14 non-functioning adrenal tumors. The results were also compared with 5 open adrenalectomies for Cushing's syndrome. The results of the laparoscopic adrenalectomies for Cushing's syndrome were as follows: the mean operating time was 216 +/- 46 min, and the mean estimated blood loss was 180 +/- 194 ml. From the third patient, an ultrasonic surgical system was used and the estimated blood loss decreased significantly. The ultrasonic surgical system, together with a more experienced surgical technique, also cut down the operating times. During surgical intervention, 2 complications occurred; a hemorrhage of more than 500 ml in one patient, and splenic injury in another, which was treated by compression. Postoperative complications occurred in 2 patients; paralytic ileus in one, and abdominal pain due to the pneumoperitoneum in the other. All patients except 2 patients with vertebral fracture began oral intake and ambulation 1 to 4 days postoperatively, and resumed normal daily activity on postoperative day 5 to 7. Compared with the laparoscopic adrenalectomies for the other adrenal tumors, the operating time and estimated blood loss in the Cushing's syndrome patients was not substantially different, though postoperative recovery was slightly longer. When compared with the open adrenalectomies, the operating time was longer, but the postoperative recovery period was significantly shorter. We conclude that with careful surgical intervention, experience of technique, and the introduction of proper equipment, a laparoscopic adrenalectomy for Cushing's syndrome can be performed as less-invasively as a laparoscopic adrenalectomy is for the other adrenal tumors. Furthermore, our findings suggest that laparoscopic adrenalectomy for Cushing's syndrome is likelier to have better postoperative results than conventional procedures, including a more rapid recovery to normal daily activity.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1996

[Retroperitoneal laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy for patients with prostate cancer].

Between February 1994 and February 1995, we performed retroperitoneal laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy on 7 patients with prostate cancer between 63 and 76 years old, consisting of 6 patients with clinical stage B2, and 1 patient with stage C. Retroperitoneal laparoscopic procedures were performed under general anesthesia. First, the prevesical space was separated by a balloon dissector to create the working space. Then, three trocars were inserted into the retroperitoneal space at the lower abdominal midline. Except for the first patient, only two surgeons were needed to dissect the obturator lymph nodes, under 5 mmHg CO2 insufflation. The mean operating time was 133 minutes for bilateral lymphadenectomy. The mean number of removed lymph nodes was 4.8 on the left side and 4.2 on the right side. The estimated blood loss ranged from 10 to 66 ml. As none of the patients showed node involvement on the microscopic examination of the frozen section, they immediately underwent total prostatectomy. Additionally removed lymph nodes were 0.8 on the left side and 1.5 on the right side. As for intraoperative complications, endotidal CO2 was elevated in the first patient, but the other patients had no complications. Retroperitoneal laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy is a safe and useful procedure, and may facilitate a lymphadenectomy better than a peritoneal procedure.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Purification and characterization of a juvenile hormone binding protein from hemolymph of the silkworm, Bombyx mori.

A juvenile hormone binding protein (JHBP) has been isolated from Bombyx mori hemolymph by gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography, chromatofocusing and hydroxyapatite column chromatography. Gel electrophoresis indicates that the isolated protein is homogeneous in the presence or absence of a denaturing agent. The JHBP in question has a relative molecular mass of 32 kDa, determined by denaturing gel electrophoresis. Chromatofocusing analysis indicated that the JHBP is an acidic protein with pI 4.9. The protein exhibits a dissociation constant of 9.0 x 10(-8) M for JH I, 1.14 x 10(-7) M for JH II and 3.9 x 10(-7) M for JH III, and thus its affinity for JH analogues is in the order of JH I > JH II > JH III. Its amino acid composition indicates that the protein consists of 297 residues of 18 kinds of amino acids. The sequence of the N-terminus of the polypeptide chain was determined for 34 of the first 36 residues: Asp-Gln-Asp-Ala-Leu-Leu- Lys-Pro-?-Lys-Leu-Gly-Asp-Met-Gln-Ser-Leu-Ser-Ser-Ala-Thr-Gln-Gln-Phe-Le u-Glu- Lys-Thr-Ser-Lys-Gly-Ile-Pro-?-Tyr-His-.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

[Clinicopathological significance of immune complex (IC) along the tubular basement membrane (TBM) in lupus nephritis].

This paper reports on the clinicopathological significance of IC along the TBM in lupus nephritis. Renal biopsies were performed on 60 patients with SLE. All of the patients demonstrated immunoglobulin deposits in the glomeruli, and 16 of them also showed immune deposits along the TBM. The IgG in the glomeruli or along the TBM completely disappeared after incubation with human IgG, IgG Fc fragments, but not with human F(ab')2, rabbit or rat IgG. These results suggest that IgG along the TBM are similar in nature to IC in the glomeruli and that the IC are composed of IgG rheumatoid factor. The square of tubulointerstitial lesions was more severe in the group with IgG along the TBM than in the group with no IgG along the TBM (5.85 +/- 9.88% vs 1.29 +/- 3.72%). In addition of this, the group with IgG deposits along the TBM frequently demonstrated type IV lupus nephritis. Although the renal function was not significantly different in the both groups, the serum complement level was lower in the cases with IC deposits in the TBM. From these results, it is suggested that IC deposits along the TBM as one of the important inflammatory agents lead to the severe forms of tubulointerstitial injury and show the active stage of the disease in SLE patients.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1992

[Involvement of allergic mechanism in minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS)].

In this study we evaluated the involvement of allergic mechanisms in patients with adult onset MCNS (17 cases) by measuring serum IgE levels and RAST scores to house dust 1 (H.D.1), house dust 2 (H.D.2), Dermatophagoides farinae (D.f.), Dermatophagoides ptenonyssinus (D.p.). Out of the 17 cases, three cases showed high levels of IgE (more than 1000 IU/ml) and the mean level of serum IgE was 877 IU/ml before treatment. All cases were treated with steroid and/or cyclophosphamide. After the treatment, all cases returned to remission. The level of IgE decreased to the normal range in four out of seven cases which had shown high levels of IgE before treatment. RAST was carried out on seven of the 17 cases. RAST scores for D.f. and D.f. were found to be positive in three cases, but these became negative in two cases after treatment. In five cases relapsed, the all cases showed to have the increased level of serum IgE and two of four cases which were examined RAST score showed to have the increased RAST score for D.f. and D.p. Thus, the data indicated that allergic mechanism, especially against D.f. and D.p. antigen, seemed to play one of the factors in the pathogenesis of MCNS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Effect of exercise on rats with renal injury].

Effect of exercise on rats with renal injury was studied. Nephritis was induced in rats by injection of anti-GBM antibody followed by ligation of a branch of the left renal artery after nephrectomy of the right kidney. Moderate daily treadmill exercise was forced on these experimental rats for ten weeks. Sedentary nephritic rats that received the same treatment described above served as controls. The sedentary nephritic rats suffered progressively increasing proteinuria during the time course of the experiment, whereas the nephritic rats with daily treadmill exercise experienced less proteinuria. Mild proteinuria was induced by daily treadmill exercise forced on non-nephritic rats that had received only nephrectomy of the right kidney, but no NTS injection. Light microscopy and immunofluorescence microscopy revealed severe glomerular injury in the sedentary nephritic rats, however, less glomerular injury was seen in nephritic rats with treadmill exercise. Serum cholesterol level was higher in the sedentary rats than in the rats with daily treadmill exercise. The results suggest that daily exercise by nephritic rats will not aggravate renal injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Purification and characterization of a proline-rich secretory protein that is a precursor to a structural protein of an insect spermatophore.

The spermatophore or sperm sac of Tenebrio molitor (yellow mealworm beetle) is an acellular structure composed mostly of structural proteins, termed spermatophorins. The proteins are derived from the bean-shaped accessory reproductive glands of the male and are assembled into the multilayered structure within the ejaculatory duct. Homogenates of the secretory plug from this gland were used as immunogens for the production of monoclonal antibodies, including one identified as PL 21.1 which recognizes an antigen in the gland and the spermatophore. With the aid of gel filtration and immunoaffinity chromatography with a PL 21.1, we isolated a glandular secretory protein that is a precursor to a spermatophorin with similar electrophoretic mobility. On native polyacrylamide gels, the antigen from gland homogenates has an apparent molecular mass of 370 kDa. On sodium dodecyl sulfate gels, the antigen from the gland and that from the spermatophore have apparent molecular masses of 23 kDa. According to immunoblots of sodium dodecyl sulfate gels, the 23-kDa glandular antigen is organ-specific and adult-specific. By immunocytochemistry with PL 21.1, we found the antigens to be restricted to secretory vesicles of only one cell type in the gland and to a discrete layer in the outer wall of the spermatophore. The 23-kDa secretory antigen is distinguished by being high in glutamic acid/glutamine (15.4%) and in proline (25.2%).

Animals↗