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Biomedical subjects

H Shio

Publications and source records attributed to H Shio.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[A case of hepatocellular carcinoma with left thigh-bone metastasis].

A 57-year-old man with hepatocellular carcinoma with left thigh-bone metastasis is reported. He was admitted to the hospital with left leg pain. A diagnosis of bone metastasis of unknown origin was based on X-ray films. Physical examination revealed hepatomegaly. Liver function tests showed a slight increase of alkaline phosphatase, GOT and GPT. In serological tests, the levels of alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen were high. HBs antigen was negative. From the above data, hepatocellular carcinoma was diagnosed.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1983

Phagocytosis and killing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by Trichomonas vaginalis.

Type 2 and 4 transparent and opaque Neisseria gonorrhoeae demonstrated a logarithmic loss of viability with a half life of approximately 10-30 min when incubated in the presence of Trichomonas vaginalis. Although this effect was observed in the absence of serum for most types of gonococci tested, it was consistently enhanced by the addition of human serum. Only for type 4 transparent gonococci did this process show an absolute serum requirement. Cytochalasin B inhibited the loss of viability. The nonphagocytic cattle parasite Tritrichomonas foetus did not ingest or kill N. gonorrhoeae. Electron microscopy revealed phagocytic uptake and degradation of N. gonorrhoeae in T. vaginalis, indicating that the loss of viability of N. gonorrhoeae was the result of phagocytosis followed by intracellular killing of gonococci by T. vaginalis.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Polypeptide and phospholipid composition of the membrane of rat liver peroxisomes: comparison with endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial membranes.

Membranes were isolated from highly purified peroxisomes, mitochondria, and rough and smooth microsomes of rat liver by the one-step Na2CO3 procedure described in the accompanying paper (1982, J. Cell Biol. 93:97-102). The polypeptide compositions of these membranes were determined by SDS PAGE and found to be greatly dissimilar. The peroxisomal membrane contains 12% of the peroxisomal protein and consists of three major polypeptides (21,700, 67,700 and 69,700 daltons) as well as some minor polypeptides. The major peroxisomal membrane proteins as well as most of the minor ones are absent from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Conversely, most ER proteins are absent from peroxisomes. By electron microscopy, purified peroxisomal membranes are approximately 6.8 nm thick and have a typical trilaminar appearance. The phospholipid/protein ratio of peroxisomal membranes is approximately 200 nmol/mg; the principal phospholipids are phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine as in ER and mitochondrial membranes. In contrast to the mitochondria, peroxisomal membranes contain no cardiolipin. All the membranes investigated contain a polypeptide band with a molecular mass of approximately 15,000 daltons. Whether this represents an exceptional common membrane protein or a coincidence is unknown. The implications of these results for the biogenesis of peroxisomes are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Lysosome lipid storage disorder in NCTR-BALB/c mice. III. Isolation and analysis of storage inclusions from liver.

Livers of NCTR-BALB/c mice, affected by excessive accumulation of cholesterol and phospholipid, were fractionated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Lysosomes of very low density (rho = 1.05 - 1.08) were found, which by electron microscopy appeared identical to the storage inclusions seen in fixed tissues. These lysosomes could be purified about 10-fold over the original homogenate, and represented 4% of the total protein and 30-40% of the liver acid hydrolase content. The preparations were nearly free of mitochondrial, endoplasmic reticulum, and plasma membrane contamination. The lysosomes were laden with cholesterol and phospholipid. Cholesterol (greater than 97% unesterified) accounted for half of the total lipid, and sphingomyelin accounted for another 20%. Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine were also present in substantial quantities. All of the excess cholesterol and sphingomyelin of liver could be attributed to the low density lysosomes. Lysosomal acid sphingomyelinase activity, measured with a synthetic substrate, was found to be 10-60% of BALB/c mouse control levels in liver, spleen, and cerebellum, while two other lysosomal enzymes, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase, were increased 2-8-fold in the same tissues. These data and the morphologic observations of the preceding paper establish that the disorder affecting NCTR-BALB/c mice is a lysosome storage disease. We propose several possible mechanisms to explain the cholesterol and phospholipid overloading of lysosomes. The specific gene defect remains to be established.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Lysosome lipid storage disorder in NCTR-BALB/c mice. I. Description of the disease and genetics.

We describe a strain of BALB/c mice, designated NCTR-BALB/c, carrying a new genetic disorder characterized by excessive tissue deposition of cholesterol and phospholipid. The mice exhibit progressive incoordination, grow less rapidly, and die 80-120 days after birth. In comparison with control animals of the same age, organ weights in the affected animals are lower in absolute value but higher relative to body weight, except for the thymus, which is atrophied, and for the lung and testes, whose absolute weights are not changed. Vacuolated cells are found in many tissues, and large foam cells are present in reticuloendothelial system (RES)-rich organs. Compared with those of BALB/c controls, serum lipoproteins migrate more slowly on electrophoresis; the amount of beta-lipoproteins is increased, while alpha-lipoprotein content is decreased. Serum total cholesterol remains normal. The serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase, creatine phosphokinase, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase are elevated. Free cholesterol levels are increased 8-10-fold in liver, spleen, and thymus, and about 2-fold in other tissues; but esterified cholesterol levels are normal. The phospholipid content of several tissues is increased 50-100%, largely as a result of an increase in sphingomyelin content. Significant increases in phosphatidylcholine occur also in spleen and lung. The disorder is inherited, affecting both sexes equally, and appears to be transmitted as an autosomal recessive mutation.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Lysosome lipid storage disorder in NCTR-BALB/c mice. II. Morphologic and cytochemical studies.

Electron-microscopic and cytochemical studies were carried out on tissues of NCTR-BALB/c mice. These mice are affected with a neurovisceral genetic disorder involving excessive tissue accumulation of lipid. Distinctive polymorphic intracellular inclusions, bounded by a membrane and containing lamellated bodies, were found in many cells of liver, spleen, lung, kidney, intestine, lymph nodes, and brain. The inclusions transformed reticuloendothelial cells into massive foam cells. Acid phosphatase cytochemical studies performed on sections of liver demonstrated that the inclusions were lysosomes. Fixation of liver in the presence of digitonin produced "spicules" in the inclusions characteristic of digitonin-cholesterol complexes. Clefts of cholesterol crystals were seen in the inclusions in liver, spleen, and lung. We conclude that the NCTR-BALB/c mice are affected by a lysosome lipid storage disease and that cholesterol is a major storage product.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1982

Specificity in the action of hypolipidemic drugs: increase of peroxisomal beta-oxidation largely dissociated from hepatomegaly and peroxisome proliferation in the rat.

Hypolipidemic drugs increased 3- to 4-fold the activity of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation system in rat liver, with modest or no effects on catalase activity, liver weight, or peroxisome abundance. This specificity of action was observed in two experimental models: 1) bezafibrate treatment of male rats (25 mg/kg body wt., p.o.) and 2) clofibrate treatment of female rats (5 g/kg chow). Bezafibrate had no effect on the liver content of protein, catalase, or cytochrome oxidase, and little or no effect on mitochondrial beta-oxidation. The results indicate that the hypotriglyceridemic mechanism of action of these drugs involves an induction of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation system, but this mechanism does not obligatorily include gross hepatomegaly or other alterations of peroxisomes that are often caused by hypolipidemic compounds. This dissociation of specific biochemical changes from other effects demonstrates a precise regulation of organelle biogenesis. Peroxisomes synthesized under the influence of bezafibrate or clofibrate have a different enzymatic composition than do normal peroxisomes. These results have several implications. 1) Side effects of clofibrate that are of current clinical concern may be unrelated to its lipid-lowering effects. 2) Measurement of peroxisomal beta-oxidation should be a sensitive and specific tool for screening for new hypotriglyceridemic compounds. 3) Peroxisome proliferation or lack thereof is not central to efficacy. 4) Other new drugs may be discovered that are highly discriminating in elevating specific enzymes of fatty acid catabolism while causing even less or no hepatomegaly and other side effects.-Lazarow, P. B., H. Shio, and M. A. Leroy-Houyet. Specificity in the action of hypolipidemic drugs: increase of peroxisomal beta-oxidation largely dissociated from hepatomegaly and peroxisome proliferation in the rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Growth, biochemistry, and morphology of isolated rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells maintained in the presence or absence of serum.

Arterial smooth muscle cells undergo marked biochemical and morphological changes upon culturing. We have studied the time course of these changes in smooth muscle cells isolated from normal rabbit aortas by enzymic digestion and then maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with or without 10% rabbit serum. Subcultured smooth muscle cells were also examined. Isolated cells cultured in the presence of serum multiply rapidly and by 9 days exhibit features typical of subcultured cells including multilayered growth, elevated marker enzyme activities of subcellular organelles, and proliferation of organelles. In contrast, isolated cells cultured in the absence of serum remain quiescent, as indicated by the low level (greater than 10%) of 3H-thymidine incorporation into nuclei and constant DNA content of the cultures, These cells spread slowly to form a monolayer of randomly oriented cells and they retain differentiated morphological features. Their enzyme activities remain at the levels of those of freshly isolated cells initially, but by 5 days some enzyme activities increase, in particular those of the acid hydrolases and catalase. Rates of pinocytosis and protein synthesis in these cells are comparable to those of cells maintained in serum-supplemented medium for the same period, but are significantly less than those measured in subcultured cells. Within 5 days, morphological alterations in the serum-deprived cells occur including the presence of increased numbers of lysosomes. Quiescent cultures of enzymically isolated cells may be a useful tool for short-term biochemical and physiological studies of differentiated arterial smooth muscle cells.

Animals↗