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Biomedical subjects

H Smiciklas-Wright

Publications and source records attributed to H Smiciklas-Wright.

48 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Effects of a weight-control promotion program on parents' responses to family eating situations.

The purpose of this research was to evaluate an education intervention program designed to prevent weight problems in children by encouraging family changes in food selection, eating habits, and activity levels. The Preschool Eating Patterns (PEP) Program worked with parents, teaching procedures of reinforcement and extinction to encourage or discourage various practices. Thirty-six families participating in the PEP program served as the experimental group and 11 families as a comparison group. The program was evaluated by assessing parents' verbalizations and behaviors relevant to their children's eating patterns. The results suggest that the PEP program is a promising education intervention leading to more constructive parental responses to family eating situations, but further investigations are necessary to determine whether the program is truly preventive of future overweight.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Post-baccalaureate activities of community nutrition graduates.

A comparison was made of the employment status of graduates of three types of programs in community nutrition. Graduates of community nutrition programs were less likely to be employed in dietetics or nutrition-related positions; were less likely to be registered dietitians or to have fulfilled requirements for professional registration; and were less likely to recommend the profession than were graduates of coordinated undergraduate programs or of programs in general dietetics or foods and nutrition. Implications for student counseling and professional accreditation are discussed.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1980

Impact of EFNEP on some nutrition-related practices. Developing a tool to record changes.

Described are the design and preliminary administration of an instrument to measure the impact of the Pennsylvania Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) on food storage and safety, kitchen sanitation, and food money management practices of program participants. No significant differences among these practices were found when each was correlated with duration of program participation. Overall improvement, however, was revealed, particularly in the first six months in the program.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1978

Validity of the 24-hr. dietary recall and seven-day record for group comparisons.

The internal validity of a 24-hr. dietary recall and a seven-day dietary record was investigated among a group of non-institutionalized elderly subjects who were participating in a congregate meals program. Internal validity was assessed by comparing reported intake with unobtrusively obtained data on actual intake. Validity results suggest that the recall is prone to over-reporting low intakes and under-reporting high intakes. This pattern has been referred to as the "flat-slope syndrome." Records collected during the first few dyas were less prone to this syndrome; however, validity declined by the fifth, sixth, and seventh record days. Also, as the record progressed to the seventh day, the demographic nature of the sample became biased due to drop-outs and decreased usability of the records.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Cystathionine excretion in relation to vitamin B-6 nutriture of rats: strain differences and effects of DL- or L-methionine supplementation.

Wistar and Long-Evans rats excreted significantly more cystathionine during days 27 to 31 of a vitamin B-6 deficiency than did Spague-Dawley rats. Wistar rats were therefore chosen for experiments designed to test the effects of dietary DL- and L-methionine supplementation upon cystathionine excretion of vitamin B-6-deficient and control rats. Methionine supplementation did not significantly affect mean daily food consumption or weight gain of the control animals. L-Methionine-supplemented, deficient rats gained significantly more during the first 15 days of the experiment and less during the last 11 days than did the other deficient groups. No cystathionine was detected in the urine of methionine-supplemented or unsupplemented control rats between days 8 and 26 of the experiment; but measurable quantities of cystathionine were present in the urine of all deficient groups by days 8 to 12. Deficient animals fed DL-methionine excreted up to 2.33 mg more cystahionine per 4-day period than did the unsupplemented deficient rats, whereas rats fed L-methionine excreted up to 7.44 mg more per 4-day period than did the unsupplemented ones. This difference in cystathionine response was highly significant and indicates that the L supplement stressed the vitamin B-6-deficient rats more than did the DL supplement. An explanation for this may be that the D isomer in the DL supplement was not as efficiently absorbed and/or metabolized as the L form.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characterizing nutrient intakes of children by sociodemographic factors.

Data from 1,392 children ages 1 to 10, who were participants in the U.S. Department of Agriculture 1987-88 Nationwide Food Consumption Survey, were examined to determine how their diets compared with current dietary recommendations and to identify those sociodemographic factors associated with the greatest risk for not meeting the recommendations. Vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin C, calcium, iron, and zinc were the nutrients most often consumed below recommended levels. Percentage of calories from fat and saturated fat and mean sodium intakes were above recommended levels for the majority of the children. Of the total sample, 81 percent met guidelines for cholesterol intakes. Multiple correlation regression analysis was used to determine the effect of the following factors on the children's nutrient intakes: geographic region, degree of urbanization, race, household size and income, age, education, and employment status of the male and female head of household. Age and sex of the child were entered as control variables. Level of urbanization affected the most nutrient intake variables, followed by race. Living in a rural area and being black were significant predictors for higher intakes of total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, and sodium. Mean annual household income had no significant effect on any of the diet quality measures. Many of the children in the sample, however, participated in Federal food and nutrition programs that provided additional resources for food.

Black or African American↗