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Biomedical subjects

H Somma-Mauvais

Publications and source records attributed to H Somma-Mauvais.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Evoked potentials in HIV infection].

The study of the literature data on the multimodal evoked potentials in HIV infected patients shows many abnormalities as well in asymptomatic subjects without AIDS as in AIDS subjects with or without neurological signs. Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) reveal prolonged P100 wave latency in 22% of HIV asymptomatic subjects and in 26% of HIV symptomatic subjects; brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) reveal an increase of the interpeak latency I-V in 16% of asymptomatic subjects and in 32% of symptomatic subjects; somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) by median nerve stimulation reveal prolonged central conduction time in 6% of asymptomatic subjects and in 11% of symptomatic subjects; somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) by tibial nerve stimulation reveal prolonged central conduction time in 4% of asymptomatic subjects and in 45% of symptomatic subjects; motor evoked potentials (MEPs) by magnetic stimulation reveal prolonged central motor conduction time in 46% of asymptomatic subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Trigeminal neurotrophic ulcer and vascular disorders of the brain stem. A clinico-electrophysiological study].

Torpid facial ulcerations may occur as a result of lesions involving the trigeminal fibers. These neurotrophic ulcerations have usually been observed after alcohol injection in the trigeminal ganglion. We report two cases associated with brainstem infarction. In both patients, the blink reflex was studied. The masseter inhibitory reflex was studied in one case. Analysis of these electrophysiological recordings can be of particular value in localizing the site of the lesion along the trigeminal pathway.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Hemichorea-hemiballismus and toxoplasmosis in AIDS].

The authors report two cases of hemichorea-hemiballism revealing a toxoplasmic abscess in the subthalamic nucleus during AIDS. Despite the great frequency of this opportunistic infection such cases are exceptional. This rarity seems to be explained by the frequent association of other lesions of the basal ganglia which may prevent the movement disorders. Nevertheless an hemichorea-hemiballism in young people must suggest a cerebral toxoplasmosis. Finally a symptomatic treatment is often necessary; in these cases the use of sodium valproate must be considered, this drug being able to induce a clinical improvement.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1990

Multimodal evoked potentials in HIV infected patients.

We studied 126 HIV seropositive patients (106 men, 20 women; mean age: 32 years): 45 had neurological signs, 81 had none. Multimodal evoked potential (MEP) assessment included: visual EPs by flash and reversal checkerboard; brain-stem auditory EPs; somatosensory EPs by stimulation of the median nerve. Evaluation also included: electroencephalography, electromyography with measurement of conduction velocities, neuroimaging (CT scan and MRI). We found abnormal MEPs for all modalities. The prevalence of abnormal results was high in neurologically symptomatic patients; in non-neurological subjects, the changes were more dramatic as HIV infection progressed. Whatever the stage of the disease, the modalities were equally affected. MEPs were abnormal in 54.7% of patients: in 41.8% of those without neurological signs vs. 85.7% of those with these signs. Comparison of MEPs and other electrophysiological procedures and neuroimaging techniques showed the high sensitivity of MEPs at all stages of the disease. EMG was sensitive and complementary to MEPs. EEG and neuroimaging showed abnormalities principally at the neurological symptomatic stage. Our results agree with those found in the literature. Abnormal MEPs may: (1) indicate latent neurological involvement of the visual, auditory and somatosensory pathways, (2) help diagnose an encephalitis suspected on neuropsychological, non-quantifiable testing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Multimodal evoked potentials in human immunodeficiency virus infection].

We have studied 95 HIV seropositive patients (77 males and 18 females; mean age: 31 years): 67 had no neurological symptoms or signs, 28 had various neurological symptoms and signs. This study included a full multimodal evoked potentials (MEP) assessment: visual evoked potentials by flash and reversal checkerboard; brainstem auditory evoked potentials; somatosensory evoked potentials obtained by stimulation of the median nerve. Patient evaluation further included: electroencephalography, electromyography with measurement of conduction velocities and neuroimaging (brain CT scan and/or MRI). We found abnormal MEP for all modalities. The prevalence of abnormal results was high in neurological symptomatic patients; in non neurological ones, the changes tended to be more frequent with the progression of the HIV infection. Whatever the stage of the disease, the various modes were equally affected. MEP were abnormal in 54.7 p. 100 of the cases: in 41.8 p. 100 (28/67) of patient without neurological signs (in 4/12 of fully asymptomatic subjects, 11/34 ARC patients and 13/21 AIDS patients) vs 85.7 p. 100 of neurological symptomatic patients. In neurological asymptomatic patients, a similar proportion of abnormal MEP was found in asymptomatic and ARC patients, while the evolution into AIDS was associated with a higher prevalence of abnormal MEP. In the latter group, MEP changes were nearly as frequent as in neurological symptomatic patients. Comparison between MEP and other electrophysiological procedures (EEG, EMG) and with neuroimaging techniques (CT Scan, MRI) showed the high sensitivity of the MEP technique at all stages of the disease. EMG was a sensitive method and complementary to MEP. The EEG and neuroimaging techniques showed abnormalities principally at the neurological symptomatic stage. Previous studies could not be properly compared.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Chronic progressive spinobulbar spasticity. A rare form of primary lateral sclerosis.

Although it was first described over a century ago (by Charcot in 1865; by Erb in 1875), the concept of primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is still not universally accepted. Despite this skepticism, several well-documented cases of isolated degeneration with varying degrees of involvement of corticospinal pyramidal pathways have been reported in the literature. The clinical manifestations in these cases can take one of two forms, ie, isolated spasmodic paraplegia or tetraplegia on the one hand or spasmodic tetraplegia associated with a pseudobulbar syndrome featuring severe spastic dysarthria (chronic progressive bilateral spinobulbar spasticity) on the other hand. Obviously, without firm pathologic data, PLS is a hazardous diagnosis for isolated paraplegia or tetraplegia. Conversely, for bilateral spinobulbar spasticity, it would appear to be the only diagnosis possible once investigate findings have eliminated the other possibilities, such as a pyramidal form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or a spinal form of multiple sclerosis. To underscore this point, in this report, five cases of chronic progressive bilateral spinobulbar spasticity developed over 5, 10, 12, 10, and 28 years, respectively, for which the only possible diagnosis was PLS. It was concluded that there are three forms of degenerative diseases of the principal motor pathways: one involving both central and peripheral neurons, ie, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; one involving only peripheral neurons, ie, spinal amyotrophy; and one involving only central motor neurons, ie, PLS.

Bulbar Palsy, Progressive↗