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H Strohner

Publications and source records attributed to H Strohner.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

"Semantic" and "acoustic" errors of aphasic and schizophrenic patients in a sound-picture matching task.

Broca's aphasics, Wernicke's aphasics, brain-damaged patients without aphasia, and chronic schizophrenics were tested on a task to match meaningful sounds to one of four pictures. One of the depicted objects was the natural source of the sound, one was an object belonging to the same semantic category as the correct object, one was an object producing acoustically similar sounds as the correct object, and one was an object not related either semantically or acoustically to the correct object. In one item set the "semantic" distractors produced a sound completely different from the presented one; in another item set the "semantic" distractors made practically no specific sounds at all. Broca's and Wernicke's aphasics were shown to have significantly higher total error scores than brain-damaged patients without aphasia and to make significantly more "semantic" errors only on the first item set and "acoustic" errors on both item sets than the brain-damaged patients without aphasia. However, after correcting for guessing the differences between groups with respect to "semantic" and "acoustic" errors vanished. The aphasics' difficulties in coping with the sound-picture matching task might be difficulties in processing the acoustic dimensions of the items. It is, however, suggested that the impairment is not perceptual but of the cognitive kind repeatedly demonstrated in tasks which require the analytic extraction of features of the stimulus or of the concept represented by the stimulus.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1978

[Producing generative sentence usage in a retarded girl (author's transl)].

The purpose of the study was to teach a 15-years old mentally and speech retarded girl the use of simple generative sentences by means of question-answer procedures (cf. Clark & Sherman 1975). Whereas at the beginning the girl rarely produced correct new sentences, there was a marked improvement towards the end of the training programme. The generalisation effect--probably a result of the training--was such that also irregular verbs were formed with regular endings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The conceptual structure of aphasic and schizophrenic patients in a nonverbal sorting task.

Hierarchical and overlapping cluster methods were applied to the sortings of aphasic, nonaphasic brain-damaged, schizophrenic, and normal subjects presented with 30 pictures of animals. The hierarchical structure solutions were most diffuse for the groups of the schizophrenics and the fluent aphasics'. The structure for the nonfluent aphasics showed more clarity, but was also deviant from the structures of the normals and the brain-damaged without aphasia. Fluent aphasics but not nonfluent aphasics tended to sort pictures which they could not name into smaller groups. For the nonfluent aphasics, there was a significant correlation between the commonality of the sortings and the severity of aphasic disturbances as measured by the Token Test. The relationship between conceptual disorganization and language impairment seems to be functionally different for fluent and nonfluent aphasics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Validity of the Sklar Aphasia Scale.

A German version of the Sklar Aphasia Scale (SAS) was administered to groups of fluent aphasics, nonfluent aphasics, and three control groups (brain-damaged patients without aphasia, schizophrenics, and normal subjects). The SAS discriminated fluent and nonfluent aphasics from schizophrenic brain-damaged, and normal control subjects with a high level of confidence; 91.8% of the aphasic and 81.5% of the brain-damaged patients without aphasia were correctly classified. However, the SAS did not discriminate between fluent and nonfluent aphasics. A factor analysis, which also included the subtests of the Token Test and eight other variables, showed the SAS and the Token Test to load mainly on the same general factor, which represents the severity of language disorders or the impairment of those left-hemisphere functions that might be basic to language. Subtests II and IV of the SAS also had loadings on a memory factor, but none of the subtests had variance on the third factor which represented the sensory-motor or fluency/nonfluencey dimension.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1976

Restricted associations of aphasics and schizophrenics.

Matched groups (N = 25) of fluent and nonfluent aphasics, brain-damaged and normal controls as well as schizophrenics were requested to name (1) as many animals and (2) as many things that are typically yellow as possible within 5 min. The main results of Gloning & Müller (1972) as to smaller numbers of correct responses, higher percentages of repetitions, shorter association clusters, and higher popularity in aphasics could be replicated for animal task. Comparing the data from both tasks for fluent and nonfluent aphasics with the various control groups led to considerable doubts as to what extent these results follow directly from quantitative differences in verbal output or have to be interpreted as qualitative differences in memory storage, retrieval, and self-editing processes.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Aphasic disorders in matching tasks involving conceptual analysis and covert naming.

Aphasic, non-aphasic brain-damaged, schizophrenic and normal Ss were required to select which of two pictures in each item was indicated by a third picture. The latter was related to the referent not through direct associations but only through a mediator: a homonym -- the name for clue and referent --, a situational association, or a perceptual feature common to both. The availability of these mediators was to be tested. Aphasics were as good as normals when the task could be solved via situational associations (e.g. guitar/violin -- bullfight; mediator: "Spain"). They showed poorer performance than all the control-groups not only when the solution depended on the availability of a word but also when it was necessary to identify analytically a perceptual feature characteristic for clue and referent (e.g. swan/turkey -- snowman; mediator: "white"). This result is seen as possibly corresponding to the specific deficiency of both non-fluent and fluent aphasics in the Token Test which might be characteristic of left hemisphere dysfunctions in the analytical decomposition into separate features of what presents itself perceptually and experientally as a unit or Gestalt.

Adult↗