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Biomedical subjects

H T Milhorn

Publications and source records attributed to H T Milhorn.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Pharmacologic management of acute abstinence syndromes.

Patients addicted to alcohol and other psychoactive substances are frequently seen by family physicians. When admitted to the hospital, these patients may develop abstinence syndromes that require pharmacologic intervention. The pharmacologic management of acute abstinence syndrome from discontinuation of central nervous system depressants involves substitution of another sedative-hypnotic agent and gradual tapering of the dose over a few days. The same principle applies to opioid detoxification. Pharmacologic detoxification is generally not required in the management of abstinence syndromes involving central nervous system stimulants, cannabinoids, hallucinogens, inhalants or phencyclidine.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMed1991

Alcoholism in women.

Women differ from men in their drinking patterns and in the biologic consequences of alcohol use. Women more often drink at home and conceal their drinking behavior. Because women have a higher percentage of body fat and a lower percentage of body water than men, the same amount of alcohol causes more severe toxic effects in women than in men. Heavy alcohol consumption in women is associated with gynecologic dysfunction and fetal alcohol syndrome. Depression, anxiety or other psychiatric illness is also common in women alcoholics. Family physicians should be alert to the subtle behaviors that suggest alcoholism and be familiar with the available community resources and treatment options.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1991

Diagnosis and management of phencyclidine intoxication.

Because phencyclidine intoxication has both psychiatric and physical manifestations, it continues to present a challenge to physicians. Intoxication may be viewed as occurring in three stages. Mild intoxication, the first and most common stage, is manifested primarily by psychiatric signs and symptoms. In the second stage, patients are stuporous to comatose, but they have intact deep pain responses. In the third stage, patients do not respond to deep pain stimuli. Treatment depends on the stage of intoxication.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Cigarette smoking: more than a habit.

The author states that the pharmacologic and behavioral processes that determine nicotine addiction are similar to those that determine addiction to heroin and cocaine. He maintains that treatment of nicotine addiction should be more widely available, and suggests that many physicians still view cigarette smoking erroneously as a habit rather than a true drug addiction.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Nicotine dependence.

Nicotine is a psychoactive drug with effects that reinforce tobacco use despite known adverse health consequences. Nicotine dependence can be effectively treated. Family physicians are in an excellent position to promote both smoking cessation and smoking prevention.

Family Practice↗
PubMed1988

The diagnosis of alcoholism.

Alcoholism is underdiagnosed by many physicians, for various reasons. The physician may feel that alcoholism is a weakness rather than an illness or may believe that alcoholics differ in appearance from other patients. Patients and family members frequently deny the problem, and some physicians are reluctant to diagnose a disorder they do not know how to treat. Diagnosis depends mainly on the medical, social and psychologic histories. Questionnaires are useful for routine screening of patients.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1986

Electrocardiograms in office practice.

Electrocardiograms (EKGs) are a widely used diagnostic tool in primary care. The indications for EKGs are widespread. We reviewed all EKGs performed over a two year period at the two model practice units of the University of Mississippi's Department of Family Medicine. Four hundred and sixteen EKGs were reviewed and subdivided according to indication, outcome, and age. One hundred and sixty-six EKGs were read as abnormal. Overall, the percentage of abnormal findings increased in proportion to age. Seventy nine percent of the EKGs were obtained for 4 indications: (1) chest pain (28%), (2) health screening (24%), (3) abnormal rhythm (15%), and (4) hypertension (12%). The percentage of abnormal EKGs was found to increase with age for all four indications. Screening EKGs were essentially unremarkable prior to age 51. EKGs on the under 30 age group were by far more helpful when performed for abnormal rhythm. No abnormalities were found on patients under age 41 when performed for chest pain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Dynamic and steady-state respiratory responses to bicycle exercise.

The transient respiratory responses of 10 normal male volunteers to step changes in work load from 0 to 300, 600, and 800 kpm/min were determined by breath-by-breath analysis for tidal volume, minute ventilation, respiratory frequency, end-tidal oxygen and carbon dioxide tensins, oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide elimination, respiratory exchange ratio, and heart rate. Ten experiments were averaged on a 5-s interval basis. Quantitative measures of the dynamics (delay times, half-times, times to peaks, times to plateaus, and plateau amplitudes) are presented. These parameters generally vary with work load and reflect the speed of response of various components of the system. Rapid ventilatory responses were seen at the initiation and termination of exercise; however, they required up to 32.5 s for full development. Repeated runs on three subjects at 600 kpm/min indicate that the experiments are grossly repeatable. The data, at the initiation of exercise, are consistent with the concept of cardiodynamic hyperpnea while the results are not as clear-cut at the termination of exercise.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Computer-based system for analysis of respiratory responses to exercise.

A computer-based system for the determination of tidal volume, respiratory frequency, minute ventilation, oxygen transfer, carbon dioxide transfer, respiratory exchange ratio, end-tidal oxygen, end-tidal carbon dioxide, and heart rate is presented. These variables are first determined on a breath-by-breath basis from data (expired carbon dioxide and oxygen fractions, airflow, and ECG) prerecorded on an FM magnetic type system. The breath-by-breath data are then averaged for each experimental run in 5-s increments. The 5-s increment data from a group of subjects can then be averaged and the SEM determined at prescribed periods of time. For the study of individual respiratory transient we found the 5-s increment data to be more useful than the breath-by-breath data because it has a lesser degree of fluctuation. The system is especially adapted to careful observation of the responses within the first few seconds of a change in work load. Appropriate computer programs are discussed. The results of several experiments are compared with data from other sources and found to be in good agreement.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed1976

'Exponential peeling' of ventilatory transients following inhalation of 5, 6 and 7% CO2.

The 'exponential peeling' technique has been applied to minute ventilation and tidal volume transients occurring after the abrupt removal of 7, 6 and 5% CO2 in inspired air. These transients, in many cases, were found to be composed of three exponential components, each contributing to the total ventilatory response and each having individual time responses. Gelfand and Lambertsen (1973) have attributed these components to the peripheral chemoreceptors as a group and to two central chemoreceptors. Statistical analysis to determine the constancy of the contribution of the three components over the range of CO2 values studied showed that, although the values for each at the different stimulus levels were not significantly different, the great subject-to-subject variation in the data precluded a firm conclusion about the constancy of the components. Because of a number of considerations it was concluded that exponential peeling of respiratory transients following abrupt removal of CO2 inhalation is not a satisfactory way to approach the problem of the numbers, relative contributions and time responses of the various receptor groups comprising the respiratory controller.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Role of the carotid chemoreceptors in the hyperpnea of exercise in the cat.

The role of the carotid chemoreceptors in the hyperpnea of exercise was investigated. The activity of the sinus nerve of the cat was monitored while the blood supply to the carotid body was controlled independently of the systemic circulation. By this technique, fluctuations in the arterial blood was gases during a short interval of exercise induced by electrical stimulation of hindlimb muscles were unable to affect the chemoreceptor activity. While minute ventilation increased by an average of 51%, chemoreceptor discharge was found to be unchanged in 12 experiments, 6 while perfusing with normoxic blood and 6 while perfusing with hypoxic blood. Thus, it must be concluded that alteration of carotid chemoreceptor sensitivity does not occur during artificially induced exercise in anesthetized cats. However, the difference in the time course of ventilation following the initiation of artificially induced exercise between cats and other species does not allow it to be ruled out in other species, including man. Indirect evidence is against such a role.

Animals↗