[Sympathetic skin response (SSR)].
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Autonomic Nervous System Diseases↗
Biomedical subjects
H Takeuchi
Publications and source records attributed to H Takeuchi.
[Experimental bladder stone production by human uropathogenic bacteria].
To investigate the formation of infection stones by 5 bacterial species isolated from patients with urinary calculi, such as Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, a zinc disc was implanted and 10(6) bacteria were surgically inoculated at the same time into the bladder of male Wistar rats (10 rats per group). Urinary pH was measured on days 1, 3, 5 and 7. The rats were killed on day 7 and the bladder examined for the formation of infection stones. Infection stones were formed in all rats inoculated with P. mirabilis (mean stone weight 29.7 mg), and in 60% of those inoculated with S. saprophyticus (9.7 mg). Small bladder stones were formed in 30% of the rats inoculated with K. pneumoniae and 25% of those inoculated with P. aeruginosa. No bladder stones were formed in the rats inoculated with E. coli. Urinary pH was increased by P. mirabilis and S. saprophyticus but was unaffected by the other species. In conclusion, P. mirabilis and S. saprophyticus play a significant role in the formation of infection stones.
Animals↗
[Evaluation of ischemic liver reperfusion injury by plasma phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide].
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Animals↗
[Choice of method for statistical analysis of quantitative data obtained from toxicological studies--toxicological data].
We compared the usefulness of t-test and parametric and rank-sum tests in the statistical analysis of significant differences in the so-called "decision tree" for the quantitative data obtained from toxicity studies. The Dunnett's multiple comparison test had lower analytic power than the t-test when one of the groups showed a marked difference in variance. The Dunnett's test was less efficient with the increase in the number of groups. If one group showed a decrease in the number of animals, this test was less efficient than parametric tests, because the rank-sum tests should be chosen. The rank-sum test is required occasionally to attach the asterisks of significant difference to the mean +/- SD even in showing the same mean values. The nonparametric Dunnett's test could not be used for analysis of significant differences when the mean value for the control and treated groups showed big differences. The nonparametric Dunnett's and parametric Scheffé tests were not as efficient as the other parametric tests probably because of the vague evaluation or overlooking the effect of the test substance.
Animals↗
[An anaphylactic shock case after hepatic arterial infusion of zinostatin stimalamer suspension improved by anti-histaminics].
A 47-year-old man with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at anterior and medical segment in the liver was treated with hepatic arterial infusion of Zinostatin Stimalamer-lipiodol suspension (SMANCS). After the 2nd infusion of SMANCS, the accumulation of lipiodol in the tumor was not good (Grade II), so additional administration was undertaken at five-weeks intervals. His systolic blood pressure immediately decreased from 120 to 60 mmHg, and he had numbness of hands, shaking chills, sweating, chest pain and numerous urticaria-like red exanthema. In spite of treatment by anti-shock agents such as steroid and catecholamines, these symptoms did not disappear, but antihistaminics greatly improved them without any serious side effects. Because of the remarkable effects of the antihistaminics and possibility of antibody production (IgE) after repeated infusions of high molecular SMANCS, this patient may have suffered anaphylactic shock caused by massive histamine release from mast cells.
Anaphylaxis↗
[A case of chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy associated with antibodies to gangliosides GM1 and GalNAc-GD1a].
In January 1993, a 43-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for left wrist-drop. Neurological examinations revealed asymmetrical distal weakness in the upper limbs. Deep tendon reflexes were normal in all 4 limbs. Sensory and autonomic nervous functions were intact. CSF examinations were within normal limits. Thin-layer chromatography with immunostaining revealed serum antibodies that reacted with GM1 and GalNAc-GD1a. Motor nerve conduction studies revealed abnormal temporal dispersion, and a low amplitude of compound muscle action potential in the left radial nerve. Neurological symptoms gradually improved with prednisolone over one and a half years. He was hospitalized again in January 1995, because of right wrist-drop and slight sensory loss of the limbs. Those findings were improved by methylprednisolone (1,000 mg/day) for 3 days. The interval until maximal disability in this patient was more than one month for each admission. This case must belong to inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy.
Acetylgalactosamine↗
[Combined chemo- and radio-therapy to improve the therapeutic results for highly malignant esophageal cancer].
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Aged↗
[Plasma cell leukemia associated with monocytosis].
A 51-year-old man was admitted to our hospital in December 1993, because of fatigue. Peripheral blood tests showed a WBC of 49,400/microliter with 36% plasma cells and 35% monocytes, Hb 14.5 g/dl, and Plt 137,000/microliter. Bone marrow aspirate revealed hypercellularity with 48.7% plasma cells and 22.4% monocytes. Plasma cells in blood were positive for CD38 and PCA-1. Serum calcium, IgA and M-CSF levels were elevated to 14.1 mg/dl, 2,337 mg/dl and 2.7 ng/ml, respectively. Immunoelectrophoresis of serum and urine revealed IgA lambda type M protein and lambda type Bence Jones protein, respectively. Rearrangements of immunoglobulin heavy chain and light chain were demonstrated by Southern blotting analysis. Plasma cell leukemia (IgA lambda type) was diagnosed. He was treated with combination chemotherapy and IFN-alpha and achieved complete remission. However, he suffered a meningeal relapse in February 1995, and died in April 1996. It seems likely that the enhanced production of M-CSF by myeloma cells and/ or activated B cells stimulated monocyte production.
Humans↗
[Does physical status influence the axillary temperature among junior high-school students?].
The relationship between physical status and axillary temperature was examined in 373 junior high-school students. Axillary temperature was measured with a mercury glass thermometer, twice a day (8:15, 15:45) for a week, 10 minutes taken for each measurement. In addition, body mass index (BMI) was calculated from weight and height. And the subjects were divided into two groups according to the mean value of BMI (19.20 [kg/m2]), i.e., the low BMI group (LB) and the high BMI group (HB). We then compared the axillary temperature between LB and HB. The temperature both in the morning and afternoon was significantly lower in the HB than in the LB (p < 0.01, p < 0.05). In conclusion, a high BMI was associated with a decrease in axillary temperature in junior high-school students.
Adolescent↗
[Salvage surgery for the T4 esophageal cancer following downstaging by neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy].
The standard modality of the treatment for the patients with T4 esophageal cancer, whose prognosis still remains quite poor, is not established yet. Salvage surgery for the T4 esophageal cancer following downstaging by neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy has become to be available. During the period from 1992 to 96, 30 patients with the suspected T4 esophageal cancer underwent chemoradiotherapy, which consisted of two courses of CDDP/5-FU with-sequential or concurrent 50-60Gy radiotherapy. Among them eleven patients became to be resectable by means of thoracotomy and laparotomy and pathological CRs were obtained in either primary lesions or lymph nodes. The longest survival term following surgery is 36 months. Three patients died of cancer recurrence including the organ metastasis and one died from pyothorax without cancer due to severe immunosuppression attributable to chemoradiation. Our results warrants further studies of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for the patients with T4 esophageal cancer.
Aged↗
Altered p16/MTS1/CDKN2 and cyclin D1/PRAD-1 gene expression is associated with the prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.
The p16/MTS1/CDKN2 gene and the cyclin D1/PRAD-1 gene cooperatively regulate cyclin-dependent kinase 4-mediated phosphorylation of pRB in the cell cycle of normal cells. p16/CDKN2 gene and cyclin D1/PRAD-1 gene alterations have been detected in squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and in several primary squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus. We immunohistochemically assessed p16 and cyclin D1 expression in 111 squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus after evaluation of the antibodies against p16 and cyclin D1 protein using four squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Loss of p16 expression was detected in 56 of 111 cases (50%). The mean number of metastatic lymph nodes without p16 expression was significantly higher than the number of nodes with p16 expression (P = 0.04). The postoperative survival rate for patients without p16 expression was significantly lower than that of patients with p16 expression (P = 0.04). Cyclin D1 overexpression was found in 28 of the 111 cases (25%) and correlated with distant organ metastasis after curative surgery (P = 0.05). The survival rate of patients with cyclin D1 overexpression was significantly lower than that of patients without cyclin D1 overexpression (P = 0.01). A positive correlation between the loss of p16 expression and cyclin D1 overexpression was observed (P = 0. 03). The loss of p16 expression and overexpression of cyclin D1 may be useful prognostic indicators in patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus. It may be possible to select more suitable treatment for patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus by evaluating the status of p16 and cyclin D1 expression.
Adult↗
Expression of Fos-like immunoreactivity in the brain of quail chick emitting the isolation-induced distress calls.
The social isolation intensively induces distress call in neonatal chicks of Japanese quail. The brain regions activated during the isolation were mapped using immunocytochemical detection of c-Fos (the product of immediate early gene c-fos). Fos-like immunoreactivity was observed in a variety of brain regions in isolated chicks that had emitted distress calls. The density of Fos-positive cells in dorso-medial mesencephalic areas (including the intercollicular nucleus and the central gray) was much higher than those of control animals that were kept in groups and emitted very few or no distress calls, whereas the distribution partially overlapped in isolated and control animals. These data, in addition to our lesion and stimulation studies, provide anatomical support for the involvement of the mesencephalic regions in generating distress calls during social isolation.
Animals↗
Cloning and characterization of a cDNA for rat CD30 homolog and chromosomal assignment of the genomic gene.
CD30 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, which is expressed on some activated lymphocytes, virus-infected cells and transformed lymphocytes. To facilitate our understanding of biological functions and functional domains, we isolated rat cDNA clones encoding the rat homolog of human CD30 from a cDNA library of a rat T-cell line, TARL-2. The nucleotide sequence of the cDNA showed 73% homology with that of human CD30. The deduced rat CD30 protein consisted of 493 amino acids with an M(r) of 59 160 and contained a single transmembrane domain. It lacked the second repeat of the cysteine-rich motif in the extracellular domain found in human CD30. The amino acid sequence showed 51.8 and 61.2% identity with the cysteine-rich and the cytoplasmic domains, respectively. In the cytoplasmic domain, however, the amino acid sequence was highly conserved in about 100 residues near the C-terminus showing 77.7% identity, whereas the rest of the cytoplasmic domain showed 45.2% identity. This conservation suggests the functional importance of this region. Comparison with the recently reported mouse CD30 revealed 83.7% conservation of the amino acid sequence and a common structure of the extracellular domain which lacks the second cysteine-rich motif. Northern blots revealed a 3.4-kb mRNA in the PHA-activated spleen cells and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-infected rat T-cell lines, whereas smaller transcripts of 2.3 kb were found in the lung. A rabbit polyclonal antibody raised against GST-fusion protein of the cytoplasmic domain detected bands with an apparent M(r) of 80 kDa and 100- 110 kDa expressed in TARL-2 and spleen cells. Transient overexpression of rat CD30 in TARL-2 cells activated HIV LTR in a NF-kappa B site-dependent manner, indicating that CD30 signals activate NF-kappa B. The chromosomal location of the gene was identified by fluorescence in situ hybridisation at 5q36.2, and appeared to correspond to human 1p36, where human CD30 has been mapped. The identification and characterization of the rat counterpart of human CD30 will facilitate studies of the biological function of this molecule.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Ultraviolet resonance Raman evidence for the absence of tyrosinate in octopus rhodopsin and the participation of Trp residues in the transition to acid metarhodopsin.
The ultraviolet (244 nm) resonance Raman spectra of octopus rhodopsin and its photoproduct, acid metarhodopsin, do not give any evidence for a tyrosinate. This finding excludes the possibility that Tyr-112 serves as the counter anion to the protonated Schiff base as does Glu-113 in bovine rhodopsin. Upon photoconversion from rhodopsin to acid metarhodopsin, Trp and Tyr Raman bands decrease in intensity and concomitantly a Trp band shifts in frequency. The changes of Trp Raman bands are ascribed to changes in hydrophobic interactions and conformation, suggesting a possible role of Trp in the photoconversion process of octopus rhodopsin.
Animals↗
Significance of cognitive function in the elicitation of sympathetic skin response in healthy humans.
The sympathetic skin response (SSR) is used as an index of sudomotor sympathetic function. However, the central processing of this response is not fully understood. To clarify this point, we assessed the relevance of cognitive function in the elicitation of SSR in 14 healthy subjects by recording simultaneously the somatosensory event-related potential (ERP) and SSR evoked by electric stimuli. The ERP paradigm consisted of three types of stimuli, task-relevant target, task-irrelevant electric shock which is equivalent to the common stimulus for eliciting SSR, and task-irrelevant standard stimuli. ERPs were recorded at Fz, Cz, and Pz on the scalp, SSRs were recorded in both palms and soles of the subject after each stimulus in the ERP paradigm. Target stimuli generated a P300 (P3b) and elicited a variety of SSRs from subject to subject. Electric shock stimuli generated a novelty P300 with a shorter peak latency and a higher amplitude than the P3b, with stable elicitation of SSR in the four limbs of all subjects. P300 amplitude showed a significant positive correlation with SSR amplitude with electric shock stimuli. This correlation predominated in the frontal region (Fz), as compared with the parietal region (Pz). A negative correlation between P300 latency and SSR amplitude with electric shock stimuli was also observed. These findings indicate that the elicitation of SSR is influenced by the generation of novelty P300, that is, cognitive function. The frontal region may play a key role in the elicitation of SSR. We believe that the assessment of novelty P300 is required for a precise interpretation of the SSR.
Adult↗
Metal-dependent alpha-helix formation promoted by the glycine-rich octapeptide region of prion protein.
Prion diseases share a common feature in that the normal cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) converts to a protease-resistant isoform PrP(Sc). The alpha-helix-rich C-terminal half of PrP(C) is partly converted into beta-sheet in PrP(Sc). We have examined by Raman spectroscopy the structure of an octapeptide PHGGGWGQ that appears in the N-terminal region of PrP(C) and a longer peptide containing the octapeptide region. The peptides do not assume any regular structure without divalent metal ions, whereas Cu(II) binding to the HGGG segment induces formation of alpha-helical structure on the C-terminal side of the peptide chain. The N-terminal octapeptide of prion protein may be a novel structural motif that acts as a promoter of alpha-helix formation.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Overexpression of either liver type or pancreatic beta cell type glucokinase via recombinant adenovirus enhances glucose oxidation in isolated rat hepatocytes.
To elucidate a role of glucokinase in hepatic glucose metabolism, we overexpressed hexokinase I (HKI), liver type glucokinase (LGK), or beta cell type glucokinase (beta GK) in primary rat hepatocytes using a recombinant adenovirus vector system. Overexpression of HKI and LGK induced a 34- and 25-fold increase, respectively, in glucose phosphorylation activity measured in cell homogenates. While HKI overexpression induced only a 1.3-fold increase in glucose oxidation, LGK overexpression increased glucose oxidation by 2.9-fold. Overexpression of beta GK had essentially the same effect as LGK. The results indicate that glucokinase does indeed regulate the rate of hepatic glucose oxidation and that the liver-specific sequence of this enzyme is not essential for this function.
Adenoviruses, Human↗
Localization of a high-affinity inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate/inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate binding domain to the pleckstrin homology module of a new 130 kDa protein: characterization of the determinants of structural specificity.
We have previously identified a novel 130 kDa protein (p130) which binds Ins(1,4,5)P3 and shares 38% sequence identity with phospholipase C-delta 1 [Kanematsu, Misumi, Watanabe, Ozaki, Koga, Iwanaga, Ikehara and Hirata (1996) Biochem. J. 313, 319-325]. We have now transfected COS-1 cells with genes encoding the entire length of the molecule or one of several truncated mutants, in order to locate the region for binding of Ins(1,4,5)P3. Deletion of N-terminal residues 116-232, the region which corresponds to the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of the molecule, completely abolished binding activity. This result was confirmed when the PH domain itself (residues 95-232), isolated from a bacterial expression system, was found to bind [3H]Ins(1,4,5)P3. We also found that Ins(1,4,5,6)P4 was as efficacious as Ins(1,4,5)P3 in displacing [3H]Ins(1,4,5)P3, suggesting that these two polyphosphates bind to p130 with similar affinity. This conclusion was confirmed by direct binding studies using [3H]Ins(1,4,5,6)P4 with high specific radioactivity which we prepared ourselves. Binding specificity was also examined with a variety of inositol phosphate derivatives. As is the case with other PH domains characterized to date, we found that the 4,5-vicinal phosphate pair was an essential determinant of ligand specificity. However, the PH domain of p130 exhibited some novel features. For example, the 3- and/or 6-phosphates could also contribute to overall binding; this contrasts with some other PH domains where these phosphate groups decrease ligand affinity by imposing a steric constraint. Secondly, a free monoester 1-phosphate substantially increased binding affinity, which is a situation so far unique to the PH domain of p130.
Animals↗