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Biomedical subjects

H Takeuchi

Publications and source records attributed to H Takeuchi.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Correlation of insulin deficiency and hypertriglyceridemia in diabetic rats.

The relationship between plasma insulin (IRI) and lipid concentration, or triglyceride (TG) kinetics was studied in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (DM) to examine how insulin deficiency is associated with the mechanism of hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) in diabetes. Plasma glucose and ketones were significantly elevated and IRI reduced in DM. Plasma glucagon concentration in DM was similar to controls. The plasma concentration of TG, total cholesterol phospholipid and apoprotein B was 3-4-fold higher in DM compared to control rats. The HTG in DM was mainly attributable to an increase in the concentration of TG-rich lipoprotein (TRL). Multiple linear regression analysis showed a positive relationship between the concentration of non-esterified fatty acid and plasma lipids, but the decrease in IRI best correlated with increased concentrations of lipids and apoprotein B in plasma and TRL. Neither glucose nor glucagon correlated significantly with lipids or apoprotein B concentration in plasma or TRL. The rate of entry of TG into blood was similar between DM and controls, and in DM this significantly correlated with IRI. Clearance of radiolabeled TRL-TG in DM was significantly decreased and correlated with IRI. Conversely, the removal of radiolabeled Intralipid-TG was similar for DM and controls. The data suggest that insulin critically regulates TRL-TG metabolism in DM and that a catabolic defect of TRL-TG due to insulin deficiency is a main reason for the HTG.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Afferent nipple valve malfunction caused by anchoring collar: an unexpected late complication of the Kock continent ileal reservoir.

In the construction of a Kock continent ileal reservoir for urinary diversion, significantly high rates of late postoperative complications regarding nipple valves, the efferent limb in particular, have been reported. There are only a few reports on afferent nipple valve malfunction. A total of 42 patients who underwent a Kock pouch operation and were observed for more than 12 months (mean 38 months) was evaluated in terms of afferent nipple valve malfunction. Late afferent nipple valve complications were observed in 10 of the 42 patients (24%). These complications included erosion of the polyester fiber fabric used as a collar (5 patients), stenosis of the afferent limb (2) and obstruction of the afferent nipple by a mucous plug or fungus ball (3). The latter 2 complications were due to mechanical or dynamic obstruction of urine flow caused by a nonabsorbable collar. None of the 10 patients had problems with efferent nipple valve function. Our results suggest that the peristaltic direction of the intestine and the use of nonabsorbable material as a collar are primarily responsible for the late afferent nipple valve complications. Further modifications are needed to produce a stable nipple valve. Otherwise, simpler and more reliable alternative techniques of antireflux anastomosis should be considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Impairment of cerebral autoregulation during the development of chronic cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in primates.

We studied the impairment of autoregulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and its effect on the electrical activity of the brain during the development of chronic cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage, using a vasospasm model in primates. Fourteen animals were divided into two groups: a clot group (8) and a sham-operated group (6). To induce subarachnoid hemorrhage, all the animals underwent craniectomy, and in the clot group, the autologous blood clot was located around the arteries dissected free from the arachnoid membrane. Cerebral angiography was performed before subarachnoid hemorrhage and 7 days after (Day 7). On Day 7, regional CBF in the parietal lobe--measured by the hydrogen clearance method--and central conduction time were studied during either graded hypertension or hypotension. In the clot group, the mean vessel caliber of the cerebral arteries on the right side (clot side) of the circle of Willis showed significant (P less than 0.01) reduction (more than 40%) as compared with the values on the contralateral, non-clot side. The values for the bilateral parietal CBF in the sham-operated group and the left parietal CBF in the clot group were fairly constant when the mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was in the range of 60 to 160 mm Hg. In the clot group, right parietal CBF was significantly (P less than 0.05) smaller than that on the left side at an MABP level of 40 to 100 mm Hg, and increased at an MABP level of 180 mm Hg. The right parietal CBF increased as the arterial blood pressure increased, showing impairment of autoregulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The correlation between immunological reaction in the arterial wall and the time course of the development of cerebral vasospasm in a primate model.

To investigate the role of immunological reactions in the development of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), the authors studied the correlation between immune/inflammatory reactions in the arterial wall and the time course of vasospasm in primates. Twenty monkeys were divided into four groups of 5 animals each: 1) a control group of sham-operated animals, 2) animals subjected to angiography 3 days after the induction of SAH (3-day SAH), 3) animals subjected to angiography 7 days after SAH (1-week SAH), and 4) animals subjected to angiography 7 and 14 days after SAH (2-week SAH). To induce SAH, the main cerebral arteries on the right were dissected free of the arachnoid, and an autologous blood clot was placed around the arteries. To evaluate vasospasm, all animals underwent a baseline angiogram before SAH; angiography was repeated at different intervals in each group, as outlined above. Histopathological changes and the deposition of the immunoglobulin IgG in the arterial wall were evaluated immunohistochemically in each group. The cerebral arteries on the side of the clot showed evidence of mild vasospasm (-24.6% reduction) on the angiogram performed on Day 3, severe vasospasm (-51.7%) on Day 7, and mild vasospasm (-12.8%) on Day 14. The infiltration of inflammatory cells was most marked in the spastic arterial wall in the 1-week SAH group. In the 2-week SAH group, severe myonecrosis and intimal disruption were observed, even in the vessels that showed only mild vasospasm, and the inflammatory reactions had almost abated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

VAB-6 chemotherapy causes spurious elevation of alpha-fetoprotein associated with liver dysfunctions.

In order to elucidate the mechanism of elevation of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) which we often observed during VAB-6 chemotherapy, we analyzed sequential changes of AFP, liver enzymes and bilirubin in 10 patients with evaluable disseminated testicular cancer who were treated with VAB-6 chemotherapy. None of the patients had previous liver disease or hepatic involvement. During the early phase of each course of chemotherapy, AFP showed a temporary elevation associated with reversible increase in liver enzymes and bilirubin. These changes returned to normal before the next course of chemotherapy. In each patient, marked tumor regression occurred as a result of VAB-6 chemotherapy. Nine of the 10 patients remain free of disease after treatment. We conclude that during VAB-6 chemotherapy, a temporary elevation of AFP is common, associated with reversible liver dysfunctions, and that this spurious elevation of the tumor marker, most likely caused by a heavy dose of cisplatin, should not be interpreted as related treatment failure.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Redispersible dry emulsion system as novel oral dosage form of oily drugs: in vivo studies in beagle dogs.

The absorption characteristics of vitamin E acetate (VEA) formulated into a dry emulsion system after its oral administration to beagle dogs were determined and compared to those of two different dosage forms (an oily mixture of the drug with cottonseed oil and an oil (drug)-in-water emulsion). The three dosage forms were administered in a crossover fashion to six nonfasting subjects, and the drug absorption was assessed from the plasma concentration of the major metabolite (free vitamin E). VEA formulated in the dry emulsion was rapidly absorbed, which suggested that a considerable amount was released as reformed emulsion droplets in the gastrointestinal tract as well as in water in vitro. Based on the analysis of variance, no significant differences in bioavailability parameters (AUC, Cmax or Tmax) were observed among the three dosage forms.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of effects of novel urease inhibitor, N-(pivaloyl)glycinohydroxamic acid on the formation of an infection bladder stone using a newly designed urolithiasis model in rats.

By using our new infection stone model of a rat, we evaluated the effect of a novel urease inhibitor, N-(pivaloyl)glycinohydroxamic acid (P-GHA), on the formation of an infection bladder stone. The oral dosing of P-GHA significantly inhibited the elevation of the urinary ammonia level of rats having the urinary tract infection with Proteus mirabilis. A short term regimen (7 d, 730 +/- 38 mg/kg) with P-GHA significantly inhibited the development of the infection bladder stone. Furthermore, a long term combination regimen (11 d) of P-GHA and aminobenzylpenicillin markedly inhibited the development of the infection bladder stone, and also caused a very slight renal impairment to the rats tested in contrast with the method of Vermeulen et al. Our infection stone model in rats, therefore, seems to be useful for the evaluation of therapeutic agents in long term examinations.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1991

Effects of a novel urease inhibitor, N-(diaminophosphinyl)isopentenoylamide on the infection stone in rats.

We evaluated the effect of a novel potent urease inhibitor, N-(diaminophosphinyl)isopentenoylamide (IPA), on the development of an infection bladder stone using our urolithiasis model in rats. IPA was excreted into urine after oral administration to rats, and the cumulative urinary recovery rate of unchanged IPA reached about 29.6% within 24 h (50 mg/kg). The oral administration of IPA (6.25 mg/kg, b.i.d., 5 d) significantly inhibited the development of the infection bladder stone. The present result suggests that IPA is a very promising compound in the prevention of formation and recurrence of an infection stone owing to a high efficacy and a low toxicity of IPA in animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Histopathological findings of prostate carcinoma--nuclear anaplasia (NAN) and structural atypism (SAT)].

Most of the previous publications have focused mainly on structural atypism (SAT) or differentiation in the studies on histopathological findings of prostate carcinoma. We studied nuclear anaplasia (NAN) as well as SAT in prostate carcinoma, comparing with differentiation grade or Gleason's pattern, to find NAN's clinical implication. We also compared histopathological findings of prostate carcinoma in our cases with those in U.S.A. Analysis of NAN grade and SAT grade distribution in stages revealed a correlation between the grades and the stages, in which SAT1 or NAN1 decreased while SAT3 or NAN3 increased in their frequencies as stage progressed. A similar correlation was found between mean value of SAT + NAN grade and stage. While NAN grade and SAT grade agreed with each other in 70% of the patients with prostate carcinoma, that was not the case in the remaining patients. This suggested a complementary relationship between NAN grade and SAT grade in some patients. A similar relationship was found between NAN grade and Gleason's pattern. These results suggest that, in a non-negligible number of patients, the NAN grade does not agree with the SAT grade or Gleason's pattern which is defined by atypism in the glandular structure. Disease-specific survival in each SAT grade could be further defined by the NAN grade. For example, in both SAT2 and SAT3, NAN3 tended to have a poorer prognosis than NAN2. Thus, NAN grading system would furnish more accurate information to predict the patients' clinical course.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anaplasia↗
PubMed1991

2,8-Dihydroxyadenine lithiasis in a Japanese patient heterozygous at the adenine phosphoribosyltransferase locus.

All reported cases of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (DHA) lithiasis have been due to functional homozygous deficiency of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT). Here we describe the first case of DHA lithiasis in a patient who has functional APRT activity in cultured lymphoblasts. The patient is heterozygous for Japanese-type (type II) APRT deficiency as demonstrated by starch-gel electrophoresis and DNA sequence analysis. We also demonstrate the use of starch-gel electrophoresis for differentiation between the type II mutant enzyme and the wild-type enzyme.

Adenine↗
PubMed1991

Isolation of achatin-I, a neuroactive tetrapeptide having a D-phenylalanine residue, from Achatina ganglia, and its effects on Achatina giant neurones.

1. We have isolated a neuroexcitatory tetrapeptide having a D-phenylalanine (Gly-D-Phe-L-Ala-L-Asp) from the ganglia of Achatina fulica Férussac. This peptide was termed achatin-I (Kamatani et al., 1989). In the present report, we shall present highlights from the original paper concerning the process of peptide isolation and the examination of its effects. 2. From the ganglia of about 30,000 animals, we obtained 50 micrograms of achatin-I and 17 micrograms of its stereoisomer consisting of only L-amino acid residues (Gly-L-Phe-L-Ala-L-Asp) which was termed achatin-II. The data of instrumental analyses (1H-NMR, SIMS, CD and HPLC) of isolated achatin-I and achatin-II were identical to those of synthetic ones. 3. Achatin-I showed marked excitatory effects on the three Achatina giant neurones, PON (periodically oscillating neurone), TAN (tonically autoactive neurone) and v-RCDN (ventral-right cerebral distinct neurone), whereas achatin-II had no effect. Among their stereoisomers, [D-Ala3]-achatin-I (Gly-D-Phe-D-Ala-L-Asp) had slight excitatory effects on the Achatina neurones tested. Amide derivatives of achatin-I and achatin-II were ineffective. 4. Dose-response curves of achatin-I and [D-Ala3]-achatin-I for producing the inward current of PON were measured under voltage clamp at a holding membrane voltage (Vh) of -50 mV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical efficacy and safety of long-term administration of YM617 for urinary obstruction of the lower urinary tract].

The efficacy and safety of YM617, a new alpha 1-blocker, were evaluated in 121 patients with urinary obstruction of the lower urinary tract in the long-term administration study for 1 year. A total of 121 patients, i.e., 111 with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), 6 with bladder neck sclerosis (BNS), 3 with BPH with BNS and 1 with female urinary obstruction, were orally administered 0.1 to 0.4 mg of YM617 once daily. Patients showing improvement of patient's impression and of subjective symptoms judged by the physician were increased until the 16th to 20th week, and it had been maintained there after. Objective findings were improved to a constant level after the 4th week. Patient's impression and subjective symptoms were improved in a certain dose-response relationship Side effects were observed in 3 patients but none were serious. YM617 proved to be useful in the treatment of patients with urinary obstruction of the lower urinary tract like BPH because it maintained the efficacy and safety in the long-term administration.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical experience of local hyperthermia for benign prostatic hyperplasia].

A total of 20 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia underwent transrectal local hyperthermia. For heating of the prostate gland, the PROSTATHERMER (Biodan-Medical System, Israel) was used. Patients were treated twice weekly, for 1 hour, with 6 sessions on an outpatient basis. Four of the 20 patients who had acute toxicity such as urethral irritability due to urethral thermoprobe could not tolerate the treatment. In the majority of the patients who were completely treated, a significant decrease in frequency of nocturia, decrease in post-void residual urine capacity and increase in urine flow rate were observed. No significant change in prostate volume was noted. With a mean follow-up of 6 months, only 1 patient required subsequent prostatic resection. These findings indicate that local hyperthermia applied by this method is effective in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and that improvement of the thermometry system is needed.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[The pitfall of ESWL].

The pitfall of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL), such as complications of ESWL, problems of focus and results of stone disintegration are discussed. The progress of ESWL today is mainly due to the development of new generation lithotripters and endourological support, which has broadened the indications of ESWL. The necessary shock-waves have been selected, and complications have been reduced. Post ESWL stone street is now easier to treat. We expect more improved lithotripters such as by incorporation of X-ray and echo focusing systems. Endourological techniques including laser lithotripsy also should be improved.

Autonomic Nervous System Diseases↗
PubMed1991

[A clinical study on primary hyperparathyroidism--indication of operation and surgical technique].

Fifty-two cases of primary hyperparathyroidism were experienced at Kyoto University Hospital and affiliated hospitals between 1965 and 1990. Thirty-three of them (63%) were of the stone type, twelve (23%) of the bone or mixed type, seven (13%) of the chemical type. Histopathological findings showed adenoma in 49 cases and hyperplasia in 3 cases. Serum calcium levels decreased postoperatively in all cases of adenoma but unchanged in 2 of 3 cases of hyperplasia. For parathyroid adenoma, the accuracy of localization was more than 90% by the combination of computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography, subtraction scintigraphy with 201TI and 123I, venous sampling for parathyroid hormone and/or angiography. Simple removal of parathyroid adenoma may be recommended in a case of primary hyperparathyroidism due to a single adenoma which was revealed by preoperative image diagnosis.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical study on acute scrotum].

Between April 1986 and July 1990, we experienced 13 cases of acute scrotum with surgical exploration. Six of the patients had torsion of the spermatic cord; three had torsion of an appendix of the epididymis, one had torsion of a testicular appendix, one had testicular rupture, one had acute epididymitis and one was normal. Their ages ranged from 3 months to 55 years (mean: 17.7 years), and the patients with torsion of the spermatic cord ranged from 5 to 25 years in age (mean: 16.3 years). No specific symptoms, signs, or laboratory findings were noted in patients with torsion of the spermatic cord. In the majority of cases, scrotal swelling and redness of the scrotal skin were present, and we could not distinguish parts of the scrotal contents. From 2 to 92 hours had passed before the patients presented, and patients who first attended other clinics tended to be treated in an inappropriate manner. Orchidopexy was performed in all patients with torsion of the spermatic cord. At present, only one testis which was treated after a delay of 92 hours has proven to be atrophic. Early consultation of a urological clinic and early surgical exploration are important in the treatment of the acute scrotum.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

[Ureaplasma urealyticum and mycoplasma hominis in male urethritis].

We conducted a multi-center clinical study to evaluate the role of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in male urethritis. The incidence of each organism in first-voided urine samples of 160 male urethritis patients, including 28 with gonococcal and 126 with non-gonococcal urethritis, was investigated. U. urealyticum and M. hominis were isolated from 13.6% and 6.5%, respectively, of the urine samples, and the concentration of each mycoplasma exceeded 10(3) ccu/ml (color changing units/ml) in 5.2% and 3.9%, respectively. Among 64 patients with non-gonococcal non-chlamydial urethritis, U. urealyticum and M. hominis concentration exceeding more than 10(3) ccu/ml were detected in only two and one samples, respectively. The incidence among urethritis patients with a concentration of either mycoplasma exceeding 10(3) ccu/ml was not significantly greater than that among subfertile males without urethritis. The findings of the present study suggest that, although mycoplasmas may cause urethritis in some patients, the incidence of urethritis due to U. urealyticum or M. hominis is low among patients with non-gonococcal, non-chlamydial urethritis.

Adolescent↗