[Research on the formation of caves by the constituents of tubercle bacilli].
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Tuberculosis↗
Biomedical subjects
H Takeuchi
Publications and source records attributed to H Takeuchi.
MR imaging of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea after operation for acoustic neurinoma.
MR was useful in verifying CSF rhinorrhea following removal of an intracanalicular acoustic neurinoma via the occipital route in a 29-year-old man. MR accurately identified the location of the CSF leak.
Adult↗
Daily diving pattern of Korean and Japanese breath-hold divers (ama).
Daily diving patterns and thoracic skin and sea-water temperatures were recorded during the entire work shift of Korean female unassisted (cachido) and Japanese male unassisted and partly assisted (funado) divers using Underwater Physiological Data Loggers developed in Buffalo and Japan. All 3 groups of divers were studied during the summer of 1989 and 1990. Additional studies were conducted during the winter of 1991 on Korean female divers who, unlike Japanese divers, dive all year round. The water temperature of the diving grounds in summer was 24 degrees C in both Korea and Japan, and 10 degrees C during winter in Korea. Both Korean female and Japanese male cachido divers made 113-138 dives a day and stayed in the water a total of 170-200 min.day-1, of which only 52-63 min were spent diving submerged, and the remaining time at the water surface. These diving patterns were not different between female and male cachido divers. Compared with Japanese male divers, Korean female divers dived to a shallower depth (3.7 vs. 6.9 m) with shorter dive time (29 vs. 37 s) and shorter bottom time (14 vs. 18 s). Velocities of descent (0.72 vs. 0.47 m.s-1) and ascent (0.77 vs. 0.56 m.s-1) were also slower in female divers than in male divers. The diving pattern of Korean female divers was similar in both summer and winter. Although all cachido divers wore wet suits and thus were protected from severe cold stress, thoracic skin temperature decreased during a work shift by 7 degrees C in winter (vs. 1 degree C in summer) in Korean divers. Compared with Japanese male cachido divers, Japanese male funado divers stayed in the diving ground (including time in the boat) longer (201 vs. 305 min.day-1) but performed only 23 dives per day. The average diving depth (9.7 m), duration (69 s), and bottom time for each dive (45 s), however, were significantly greater in funados. The velocity of vertical descent (1.0 m.s-1) was also significantly greater in funados because they descend with a weight (8-12 kg). The rate of ascent was not different.
Body Temperature↗
The long loop reflex in spinocerebellar degeneration and motor neuron disease--its changes with TRH therapy.
This study aimed to define the characteristics of the long loop reflex (LLR) in patients with spinocerebellar degeneration (SCD) and motor neuron disease (MND), and observe changes in LLR caused by thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), a facilitator of cerebellar and motor neurons. The markers used for LLR were: V1-2 peak Latency (the latency between the V1 and V2 peaks); V2 peak-P24 Latency (the latency between the V2 peak and P24 of a somatosensory evoked potential); V2 Amplitude, and V2 Square (the area of the V2 wave). V1-2 peak Latency was significantly longer, and V2 Amplitude was significantly lower than the control in SCD. We attributed these alterations of the LLR to cerebellar ataxia, since all SCD cases had cerebellar ataxia, and extrapyramidal symptoms were only present in one SCD case; the MND cases with motor neuron disturbance showed no significant difference from the control. TRH injection resulted in an increase in V2 Square and a decrease in V2 peak-P24 Latency in SCD and other neurological disease patients. We regarded these changes as activation of the LLR by TRH. With TRH therapy, activation of the LLR coincided with improvement of cerebellar ataxia in SCD. Symptomatic improvement, however, was not observed and the LLR changes were not stable in MND. These results suggest that TRH-induced activation of LLR is caused by the activation of cerebellar function, and indirectly concerns with upper motor neurons because V2 Square increased in MND without pyramidal tract signs.
Aged↗
Proceedings: 48. On the identified molluscan giant neurone sensitive to serotonin and dopamine (Achatina fulica Ferussac).
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Action Potentials↗
Utility and sterility of TAB injection, an amino acid solution with carbohydrates and electrolytes for total parenteral nutrition, packaged in a dual-chambered plastic bag.
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Amino Acids↗
The feasibility of epidural anesthesia without endotracheal intubation for abdominal surgery in patients over 80 years of age.
To evaluate the efficacy of a single application of epidural anesthesia without endotracheal intubation for elderly patients over 80 years of age, the data on 108 patients who underwent abdominal surgery were analyzed for the occurrence of postoperative complications. These patients were classified into two groups according to the type of anesthesia performed: 66 received epidural anesthesia alone (Group I) and 42, general anesthesia under endotracheal intubation (Group II). There were no lethal pulmonary complications in Group I, whereas 2 patients (4.8%) died of respiratory failure resulting from pulmonary complications in Group II. The incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in Group I was 6.1%, which was significantly lower than the 28.6% observed in Group II (p < 0.005). The occurrence of pulmonary complications in Group I was not related to the operating time, while pulmonary complications frequently occurred in patients who underwent lengthy operations in Group II. These findings suggest that a single application of epidural anesthesia would improve the overall safety in performing abdominal surgery in elderly patients over 80 years of age.
Abdomen↗
Effects of YM-14673, a new thyrotropin-releasing hormone analogue, on impaired learning of passive avoidance in mice.
The effects of YM-14673(N alpha-([(S)-4-oxo-2-azetidinyl] carbonyl)-L-histidyl-L-prolinamide dihydrate), a new thyrotropin-releasing hormone analogue, on impaired passive avoidance responses, were studied in mice in comparison with those of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone and its analogue DN-1417. In a test trial 24 hr after training, the latency in entering into a darkened compartment from an illuminated one was shortened by scopolamine and cycloheximide treatment. The shortened latency was prolonged in both models when YM-14673, thyrotropin-releasing hormone and DN-1417, in doses without effect on spontaneous movement and pain response by the hot plate method, were administered before training. This prolongation of shortened latency by the thyrotropin-releasing hormone and its analogues in cycloheximide-treated mice was antagonized by scopolamine but not by haloperidol. YM-14673 was about 10 times more potent than the thyrotropin-releasing hormone and DN-1417 in improving the impaired learning behavior. The shortened latency of step-through was ameliorated in scopolamine-treated mice when YM-14673 was administered immediately after training but not before testing. These results suggest that YM-14673, in addition to the thyrotropin-releasing hormone and DN-1417, facilitates the cerebral functioning, presumably by activating the cholinergic system.
Animals↗
Antitumor chemosensitivity differs between clinical sarcoma and adenocarcinoma tissues.
The chemosensitivity of 43 human sarcoma tissues, including 18 osteosarcomas, 16 leiomyosarcomas and 9 liposarcomas, was compared with that of 28 adenocarcinomas of the stomach, using the in vitro succinate dehydrogenase inhibition (SDI) test. These tissues were exposed for 3 days to each antitumor drug, including adriamycin (ADM), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), mitomycin C (MMC), cisplatin (CDDP), aclacinomycin A (ACR) and carboquone (CQ), them the cell viability was estimated based on the succinate dehydrogenase (SD) activity, determined using [3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl) -2,5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide] (MTT). SD activity was significantly lower in the osteosarcoma as compared to that in the adenocarcinoma, for ADM, MMC, CDDP, ACR and CQ (p < 0.01), and was higher for ADM (p < 0.05) in cases of leiomyosarcoma and for CDDP (p < 0.01) and ACR (p < 0.05) in cases of liposarcoma. The sensitivity rate was higher in osteosarcoma than in adenocarcinoma for ADM, MMC and CDDP. These findings suggest that patients with osteosarcoma will probably show a fairly good response to antitumor drugs, and that when liposarcoma or leiomyosarcoma tumors show resistance to antitumor drugs, then resection at the time of initial exploration and combined modalities, including radiation and hyperthermia, should be considered.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Optimal scheduling increases therapeutic gain of adriamycin combined with hyperthermia.
To maximize the thermal enhancement of antitumor effect and minimize normal tissue damage, the timing of Adriamycin (ADM) administration in relation to hyperthermia was examined. Tumor growth of a subcutaneously transplanted fibrosarcoma as well as damage in normal tissues were measured in F344 rats treated with variable schedules of ADM and hyperthermia. Simultaneous application of 5 mg/kg i.v. of ADM with hyperthermia (120 min at 41.5 degrees C) resulted in a synergistic antitumor effect, but there was no thermal enhancement of the antitumor activity when 2.5 mg/kg ADM was given. Thermal enhancement of the antitumor effect induced by 5.0 mg/kg ADM was greater when ADM was given 30 min before or just prior to hyperthermia compared to that given during hyperthermia. ADM given prior to hyperthermia caused less damage to normal tissue than that given during hyperthermia, as evidenced by a prolonged survival and lower incidence of ascites and tendency to bleed. Thus ADM administration 30 min before or just prior to hyperthermia resulted in greater therapeutic gains than ADM given during hyperthermia. In the light of these results, the optimal scheduling of administration of ADM with hyperthermia is important for a therapeutic gain for cancer patients.
Animals↗
Pancreaticoduodenectomy under epidural anesthesia without endotracheal intubation for the elderly.
To evaluate the efficacy of a single application of epidural anesthesia without endotracheal intubation for pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), the data on 30 patients who underwent PD were analyzed for their operative morbidity and mortality. These patients were classified into two groups according to the type of anesthesia performed: 15 received epidural anesthesia alone (Group I) and 15, general anesthesia under endotracheal intubation (Group II). The clinical characteristics of the patients in both groups were comparable at the time of operation, except that Group I included a significantly larger proportion of elderly patients than Group II (p < 0.05). Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) occurred in 5 (33.3%) of the Group II patients, especially in elderly patients who underwent lengthy operations, whereas no such complications occurred in the Group I patients (p < 0.05), even in elderly patients with a long operating time. The curability of the malignant tumors and the incidences of other complications were not significantly different between the two groups. These findings suggest that a single application of epidural anesthesia is effective in preventing PPCs when performing a time-consuming PD, especially in elderly patients.
Aged↗
PEG-hemoglobin: effects on tumor oxygenation and response to chemotherapy.
BACKGROUND: The study was undertaken to determine whether administration of PEG-hemoglobin could improve the oxygenation of a solid tumor prior to and after chemotherapy and to determine whether administration of PEG-hemoglobin could enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy in a solid tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rats bearing the 13762 mammary carcinoma were untreated or treated with cyclophosphamide, melphalan, taxol or cisplatin. Tumor oxygenation was determined 24 hrs. after chemotherapy with or without administration of PEG-hemoglobin while the animals breathed air, 28% oxygen or carbogen. Mice bearing the EMT-6 murine mammary carcinoma were treated with single doses of chemotherapy with or without co-administration of PEG-hemoglobin and tumor cell and bone marrow CFU-GM survivals were determined. Other EMT-6 tumor-bearing mice were treated with multiple doses of chemotherapy with or without PEG-hemoglobin and tumor growth delay was determined. RESULTS: Administration of PEG-hemoglobin was effective in decreasing hypoxia in the 13762 mammary carcinoma both prior to and after chemotherapy administration. Increasing the level of inspired oxygen further decreased the tumor hypoxia most effectively when the level of tumor cell killing by the chemotherapy was high. Administration of PEG-hemoglobin along with air breathing to mice bearing the EMT-6 tumor increased tumor cell killing by cyclophosphamide, BCNU, adriamycin and taxol without increasing toxicity to the bone marrow CFU-GM. PEG-Hemoglobin given prior to each dose of chemotherapy increased the tumor growth delay produced by cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, 5-fluorouracil, BCNU and taxol in a manner with increased level of inspired oxygen and with a concomitant decreased in lung metastases. CONCLUSIONS: Further investigation of PEG-hemoglobin as an oxygen delivery agent in oncology is warranted.
Animals↗
Potential of the aminosterol, squalamine in combination therapy in the rat 13,762 mammary carcinoma and the murine Lewis lung carcinoma.
Squalamine, a naturally-occurring aminosterol, has demonstrated antiangiogenic activity in several experimental models. Extended treatment with other antiangiogenic agents has been shown to increase tumor oxygenation. Tumor oxygenation was measured using an Eppendorf pO2 histograph polarographic pO2 electrode system in the rat 13,762 mammary carcinoma after treatment of the tumor-bearing animals with squalamine (40 mglkg) on days 4 through 18 post tumor implantation. Under air breathing conditions, the hypoxic fraction (percent of pO2 readings < 5 mmHg) was 53% in controls and was decreased to 38% in the squalamine treated animals. While squalamine administration alone produced only a modest effect on the growth of the 13,762 tumor, there were increases in tumor growth delay of 1.9- to 2.5-fold when squalamine was administered along with cyclophosphamide, cisplatin and paclitaxel compared with the tumor growth delays observed with the chemotherapeutic agents alone. To determine the efficacy of squalamine alone and along with cytotoxic therapies against a model of primary and systemic disease, squalamine was administered to animals bearing the Lewis lung carcinoma by daily subcutaneous injection or by continuous infusion on days 4 through 18 post tumor implantation. Squalamine as a single agent had only a modest effect on the growth of the primary Lewis lung tumor but increased the tumor growth delays produced by cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, paclitaxel and 5-fluorouracil by 2.4- to 3.8-fold compared with the anticancer drugs alone. Squalamine administration alone substantially decreased the number of lung metastases found in animals bearing the Lewis lung carcinoma and further decreased the number of lung metastases when administered along with the chemotherapeutic agents.
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗