Anovulation to a luteinising hormone surge in an aged goat with follicular cysts.
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Age Factors↗
Biomedical subjects
H Tamada
Publications and source records attributed to H Tamada.
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the goat uterus: immunohistochemical localization of EGF and EGF receptor and effect of EGF on uterine activity in vivo.
This study examined the distribution of immunoreactive epidermal growth factor (EGF) and EGF receptor (EGF-R) in the uterus and the effects of EGF on uterine activity in goats. Immunohistochemistry of EGF and EGF-R in the uteri showed distinct staining in the luminal and glandular epithelium and slight to moderate staining in the stromal and myometrial cells. To examine possible roles of the EGF system in the regulation of uterine activity, pressure changes in the intrauterine balloon were determined after intraluminal infusion of EGF into the uterine horn. Either at estrus or diestrus (9 to 14 days after the first day of estrus), treatment with 1 or 5 microg of EGF gradually reduced uterine activity, whereas infusion of the vehicle alone had no effect. The maximum reduction in uterine activity was seen 4 h after the treatment with 1 microg of EGF (40% to 45% reduction in the area surrounded by the contraction curve and its baseline), and the activity slowly returned thereafter. These results suggest that EGF in the uterus may play a role in regulating uterine activity in goats.
Animals↗
[Recurrent spontaneous rupture of the urinary bladder: a case report].
The patient was a 67-year-old woman who had undergone radical hysterectomy and postoperative radiotherapy for cervical cancer at the age of 46 years. Spontaneous rupture of the urinary bladder occurred twice in 1997, and conservative treatment was performed on each occasion. She was admitted to our hospital for the third time of spontaneous rupture of the urinary bladder. She underwent bilateral cutaneous ureterostomy because of panperitonitis and paralytic ileus. A review of 11 cases of recurrent rupture of the urinary bladder reported in Japan including the present case revealed that, patients who had been conservatively treated tended to be subject to recurrence. However, the risk of recurrence remains when a partial cystectomy is performed. Therefore, especially in recurrent cases, augmentation cystoplasty or urinary diversion should be considered as the treatment for spontaneous rupture of the urinary bladder due to radiation cystitis.
Aged↗
[A case report of skeletal muscle metastasis of renal cell carcinoma effectively treated with interferon-alpha].
The skeletal muscle is a very rare site of metastasis in renal cell carcinoma. We report the third case of skeletal muscle metastasis of renal cell carcinoma effectively treated with interferon-alpha. The patient was a 74-year-old woman who had undergone radical nephrectomy on the left side for renal cell carcinoma on April 23, 1990, and had been observed as an outpatient. In June 1997, she was admitted with a diagnosis of metastasis in the left great adductor muscle and right sixth rib, as well as multiple lung metastasis. The metastatic lesion in the great adductor muscle decreased in size by more than 50% following concomitant intramuscular administration of natural interferon-alpha (nIFN-alpha). In the other metastatic lesions, nIFN-alpha-sensitive and resistant metastatic foci were intermingled. Thus, the primary focus in the present study was presumably composed of several clones with different sensitivities to nIFN-alpha.
Aged↗
Late development of an aneurysm of a saphenous vein used as an aortocoronary conduit.
A case of a large saphenous vein aortocoronary aneurysm that developed late after coronary artery bypass grafting is presented. This is the first case of a large saphenous vein aortocoronary aneurysm identified by serial angiography and 3-dimensional computed tomographic scanning.
Aneurysm↗
Distal splenorenal shunt with splenopancreatic disconnection for portal hypertension in biliary atresia.
This study evaluated the long-term effects of distal splenorenal shunt with splenopancreatic disconnection (DSRS-SPD) on portal hypertension (PH) in biliary atresia (BA) patients. Five patients with BA underwent DSRS-SPD at the age of 3.3 to 8.5 years. They had been free from jaundice after hepatic portoenterostomy (HPE); however, they gradually developed gastroesophageal varices and hypersplenism. Portal venous pressure after anastomosis was 37.2 +/- 6.1 cmH2O, as high as that before anastomosis (37.8 +/- 3.3 cmH2O). Postoperatively, liver function tests became worse within 2 weeks; however, they returned to preoperative levels within 1 month without any further treatment. No patient developed a significant encephalopathy throughout the observed period. During follow-up of 4 to 12 years, the shunt was patent in all patients. Spleen size decreased after operation. Abdominal-wall venous dilatation completely disappeared in two of four patients. The platelet counts gradually increased and were significantly higher 3 years (126.6 +/- 59.3 x 10(3)/mm3) after DSRS-SPD than preoperative values (66.0 +/- 24.2 x 10(3)/mm3). White blood cell counts showed no significant changes. No patient developed a gastrointestinal hemorrhage postoperatively, although three had had repeated hemorrhages before the operation. Two patients showed disappearance of varices endoscopically at 2 years and 7 months after DSRS-SPD, respectively, but had recurrent varices at 7 and 11 years, respectively. The endoscopic findings regarding varices 3 to 7 years after DSRS-SPD were as follows: decreased number (80%); decreased length (40%); improvement of form (20%); improvement of fundamental color (60%); disappearance of red-color sign (100%); disappearance of gastric varices (75%); and disappearance of acute gastric mucosal lesions (100%). Although one patient later underwent liver transplantation because of progression of liver cirrhosis, all five are doing well. From these results, DSRS-SPD may prove to be a safe and feasible procedure for intrahepatic PH after HPE for BA and may improve gastroesophageal varices and hypersplenism on long-term follow-up.
Biliary Atresia↗
The effects of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor on preimplantation-embryo development and implantation in the rat.
This study examined the effects of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) on preimplantation-embryo development and initiation of implantation in the rat. In vitro studies showed that HB-EGF improved the development of 8-cell embryos to the blastocyst stage in a concentration-dependent manner, and the growth factor had no effect on the cell number of the blastocyst developed. Intraluminal injection of an anti-HB-EGF antiserum into the uterine horns at 0600 h on day 5 of pregnancy decreased the number of implantation sites (blue dye reaction) at 0200 h on day 6. Intraluminal injection of 20 microl of HB-EGF solution (10 or 100 ng/ml) into each uterine horn induced implantation in about half of the ovariectomized progesterone-treated delayed implanting rats, and the number of implantation sites per rat increased dose-dependently. These results suggest that HB-EGF is involved in the preimplantation-embryo development and initiation of implantation in the rat.
Animals↗
Oxytocin gene expression and action in goat testis.
Gene expression, immunohistochemical localization, binding and effects of oxytocin (OT) on androgen production in the testis of adult goats were studied. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis we were able to detect OT gene transcripts in the goat testis. Immunohistochemistry revealed that both OT and neurophysin epitopes were expressed together in the intratubular regions, especially in the Sertoli cells, suggesting the production of OT in these cells. However, enzyme immunoassay found no difference in OT concentration between testicular arterial and venous plasma. Saturable, specific [3H]-OT binding sites were present in membrane fractions of the goat testis. Scatchard analysis indicated an apparent affinity of 42 +/- 7 L/nmol and binding capacity of 24 +/- 4 fmol OT bound/mg DNA. In vitro treatment of goat testes for 6 h with 100 nM OT led to a 3.5-fold increase (P < 0.001) in 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) production in spite of the induced decrease in testosterone, suggesting that OT not only affects testosterone production but also modulates its conversion to DHT. These results indicate that the goat testis produces OT, which may be involved in the local control of androgen biosynthesis.
Animals↗
Increased LH pulse frequency and estrogen secretion associated with termination of anestrus followed by enhancement of uterine estrogen receptor gene expression in the beagle bitch.
The relationships among pulsatile LH secretion pattern, estrogen secretion, and expression of the uterine estrogen receptor gene were examined throughout the estrous cycle in beagle bitches. In Experiment 1, blood samples were collected from 30 bitches every 10 min for 8 h from a cephalic vein during different phases of the estrous cycle. An increase in the mean plasma levels of LH occurred from mid to late anestrus (P < 0.01). The LH pulse frequency increased (P < 0.01) from late anestrus to proestrus, and was strongly correlated (r = 0.96, P < 0.001) with the mean plasma level of estradiol-17 beta (E2). In Experiment 2, middle uterine samples, including the myometrium and endometrium, from 18 bitches were taken at 6 stages of the estrous cycle. The total number of estrogen receptors and nuclear estrogen receptor and its mRNA levels in the uterus also increased (P < 0.01) from late anestrus to proestrus. Mean plasma E2 level and the number of uterine estrogen receptor were positively correlated (r = 0.81, P < 0.05). In Experiment 3, nine bitches were ovariectomized in mid anestrus. Two weeks later they received a single injection of 10 or 50 micrograms/kg, i.m., estradiol benzoate. The number of uterine estrogen receptor and their mRNA levels for ovariectomized bitches were low, but increased (P < 0.05) after treatment with a low dose of estradiol benzoate. These results suggest that increases in LH pulse frequency and estrogen secretion are associated with termination of anestrus and that subsequent enhancement of uterine estrogen receptor expression may be up-regulated by estradiol.
Anestrus↗
67Ga planar imaging with a low-energy collimator and scatter correction using the triple energy window method.
To improve the spatial resolution and contrast of 67Ga planar imaging, we used a low-energy collimator and two lower-energy windows with a triple-energy-window (TEW) scatter compensation method. The spatial resolution is better than with a medium-energy collimator, and the TEW method can correct for scattered photons and reduce the background counts. In a phantom study and a clinical study involving 44 patients, the images obtained by the proposed method were compared with the images obtained with a medium-energy collimator and three energy windows without scatter compensation (the conventional method). The spatial resolution and the counts were measured. Two nuclear medicine physicians interpreted the images and clinical usefulness was evaluated. The spatial resolution and contrast were improved by our proposed method. It enabled the detection of lesions in five locations in the clinical study. The counts were reduced but misreadings were not seen. We conclude that our proposed method shows a clinical advantage over the conventional method. It can be used easily and quickly with commercially available equipment and is useful in clinical practice.
Adult↗
Promoter structure of human sonic hedgehog gene.
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is a secreted signal transducer responsible not only for patterning of the anterior-posterior axis during early limb and neuronal development, but also for generating cell-type diversity at later developmental stages. To elucidate the mechanism regulating human Shh gene expression, we cloned the 5'-flanking region of the human Shh gene and characterized it by transient transfection studies. Two transcription start sites were identified by primer extension analysis. Two TATA-boxes, a CCAAT-box and a palindrome-like structure constituted the basic promoter structure. Furthermore, two continuous E-boxes and a putative homeodomain containing an ATTA-box were located around 350-450 bp upstream of the upper TATA-box. Consensus binding sites of the RA, estrogen, D3 and glucocorticoid/progesterone receptors were not found within the cloned sequence. Short-term treatment with TPA increased luciferase activity up to 2.1-fold; on the other hand, treatment with dibutyryl-cyclic AMP decreased it to 0.8-fold. Retinoic acid (RA), vitamin D3, dexamethazone (DEX) and estradiol (E2) had no effect on the luciferase activity. Since the zebrafish Shh promoter contains two closely spaced axial (HNF3beta) binding sequences on its basic promoter, the palindrome-like structure located in the corresponding site of the human Shh promoter may be a crucial binding domain regulating human Shh gene expression.
Base Sequence↗
Induction of fertile estrus in bitches using a sustained-release formulation of a GnRH agonist (leuprolide acetate).
A single subcutaneous injection of a sustained-release formulation of a potent GnRH agonist, leuprolide acetate (LA; [D-Leu6, Pro9NEt]-GnRH), was evaluated as a method of inducing fertile estrus in 12 mature anestrous and 6 prepubertal beagle bitches. The bitches were treated with microencapsulated LA (100 micrograms/kg, s.c.) at 120 or 150 d post partum, or at 1 yr of age, followed by a GnRH-analogue (fertirelin; [Pro9NEt]-GnRH, 3 micrograms/kg, i.m.) on the first day of induced estrus. Signs of estrus were seen within 10.3 +/- 0.9 d after LA administration in all bitches. The interestrous interval in 120- and 150-d post-partum bitches was shortened (P < 0.05) to 191 +/- 3 and 222 +/- 3 d, respectively, compared with 264 +/- 11 d in control bitches. All LA treated dogs demonstrated behavioral estrus and mated. Three of 6 (50%) at 120 d post partum, 6 of 6 (100%) at 150 d post partum and 5 of 6 (83%) of prepubertal (1-yr old) bitches then became pregnant and produced a mean litter size of 4.1 +/- 0.8 pups. A normal circulating estrogen and progesterone response pattern was observed in mature anestrous bitches. A prepubertal bitch that failed to become pregnant had a similar estrogen response pattern but an insufficient progesterone profile. The results suggest that microencapsulated LA can be useful in inducing fertile estrus in the domestic dogs.
Anestrus↗
Molecular cloning and analysis of the 5'-flanking region of the human bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP-6).
We cloned a genomic fragment of the 5'-flanking region of the gene encoding bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP-6) and assessed its promoter activity. Primer extension revealed the presence of one major transcription start site 178 bp upstream of the translation start site. The promoter region lacked a canonical TATA box but did contain a GC-rich region. A putative tramtrack responsive element, a Drosophila transcriptional factor regulating the segment polarity, was found in the promoter region. Known steroid hormonal responsive elements, however, were not found. Although BMP-6 is classified as a member of the vgr-1 family, the structure of the promoter was similar to that of BMP-2 and 4.
Base Sequence↗
Clinical study of renal cell carcinoma with brain metastasis.
BACKGROUND: The clinical outcome of patients with renal cell carcinoma with brain metastasis was analyzed. METHODS: Nine patients (median age, 60 years) with primary renal cell carcinoma and distant metastasis, including brain metastasis, were treated. The median time to the development of brain metastasis was 15 months after the initial visit. Patients with poor performance status or progressive disease were treated with interferon or conservative therapy alone. Patients with good performance status and other well-controlled metastatic foci were treated either with radiotherapy, or by tumorectomy of brain metastasis, or both. The median follow-up was 26 months after the initial visit. RESULTS: The 1-year, cause-specific survival rate was 17%. Of the 5 patients treated with alpha-interferon alone, all died of disease after the treatments, without improvement of performance status, 1 to 4 months after the diagnosis of brain metastasis. Two of 4 patients who underwent radiotherapy were treated with a combination of gamma-knife and tumorectomy of brain metastasis. They remained alive 10 and 22 months after diagnosis of brain metastasis. The 2 patients who underwent the combination treatment of gamma-knife and tumorectomy showed improvement of their performance status after these treatments for brain metastasis. CONCLUSION: Brain metastasis is an unfavorable prognostic factor in renal cell carcinoma. Although a larger number of patients would be necessary to demonstrate the definitive effects of gamma-knife treatment, our results suggest that the combination of gamma-knife and tumorectomy of brain metastases may be recommended for selected patients with good performance status and other well-controlled metastatic foci.
Aged↗
A progesterone antagonist cannot prevent fetal survival if the uterine horn is incised.
The fetuses released into the abdominal cavity by uterine incision escape from most physical influences of the uterus. This study examined whether these fetuses require progesterone actions for survival during late pregnancy in rats. A longitudinal incision in one uterine horn (with the other horn intact) together with bilateral ovariectomy (OVX), removal of the main progesterone-production sites, or sham OVX, were performed on day 18 of pregnancy. Thereafter the rats were given daily subcutaneous injections of anti-progesterone RU 486 (10 mg/kg), or vehicle alone, and the fetal survival rate in each uterine horn was examined on day 21. In those controls which received sham OVX plus injections of vehicle, fetal survival rates were more than 80% in both uterine horns. In the other groups, which received sham OVX plus injections of RU 486, or OVX plus injections of vehicle, or OVX plus injections of RU 486, the fetal survival rates in the intact uterine horns were 4%, 0% and 0%, respectively. In the incised uterine horns of these groups, however, the fetal survival rates were 59%, 67% and 56%, respectively. The results suggest that progesterone, which is required for maintaining pregnancy, may not be essential for survival of fetuses released into the abdominal cavity. Progesterone actions unrelated to uterine physical environment are likely to be dispensable for fetal survival during late pregnancy in rats.
Animals↗
[Clinical study on 17 cases of genitourinary tuberculosis].
Between 1987 and 1995, 17 patients with genitourinary tuberculosis were treated at Iwate Prefectural Central Hospital. The incidence of newly diagnosed genitourinary tuberculosis was 17 out of 16,363 outpatients (0.1%) during the 9-year period. Twelve patients had urinary tuberculosis and genital as well as urinary organs were affected in 5. Six (35%) patients presented in their fifties and 5 (29%) each in their forties and sixties. Nine (53%) patients had irritative voiding symptoms as the chief complaint. Only 29% had a known history of extra-genitourinaty tuberculosis. In addition to the standard multidrug chemotherapy, nephrectomy was performed in 5 patients and orchiectomy in 2 with epididymal tuberculosis. The incidence of tuberculosis has recently increased in many parts of our country and more attention should be paid to genitourinary tuberculosis.
Adult↗
Analysis of uveitogenic sites in phosducin molecule.
PURPOSE: Phosducin, a retinal photoreceptor protein, induces experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). In this study, we attempted to determine the numbers of uveitogenic sites in phosducin using synthetic peptides. METHODS: Antigen peptides were synthesized according to the amino acid sequence of the rat-derived phosducin with a peptide-synthesizer and purified by reversed-phase HPLC. First, 13 peptides covering the entire sequence of phosducin were synthesized, and each was injected into the hind footpad of Lewis rats for immunization, and induction of EAU was examined clinically and histologically. Next, peptides that appeared to contain sequences of a uveitogenic site were newly synthesized and examined clinically and immunologically. RESULTS: Of the 13 peptides used in the first immunization, 7 induced inflammation. Similar to other EAU antigens, clinical changes began with fibrin deposition in the anterior segment and posterior synechia, followed by posterior chamber hypopyon. Histologically, inflammation was observed mainly in the outer segment of photoreceptor cells and outer nuclear layer, and serous retinal detachment was found in cases of severe inflammation. Infiltration of inflammatory cells in the pineal gland was also observed. In experiments designed to further specify the uveitogenic sites, the presence of inflammation-inducing sequences was inferred for amino acid sequences 1-20, 23-37, 79-91, 127-142 and 198-212. The rats immunized with these peptides also exhibited high value on lymphocyte proliferation assay. CONCLUSION: Phosducin has 5 uveitogenic sites. Among others, one of them has potent and others weak uveitogenicity.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
[A case of renal pelvic carcinoma in a completely duplicated pelvis and ureter].
We report a case of renal pelvic carcinoma with a completely duplicated pelvis and ureter. A 72-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of asymptomatic and macroscopic hematuria. Excretory urography and retrograde pyelography revealed a tumor in the left upper renal unit of a completely duplicated pelvis and ureter. Left total nephroureterectomy was performed. Histological diagnosis was transitional cell carcinoma. This is the 8th case of upper urotherial tumor occurring in a completely duplicated pelvis and ureter in the Japanese literature.
Aged↗