PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H Tamaki

Publications and source records attributed to H Tamaki.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Decreases in alpha beta T cell receptor negative T cells and CD8 cells, and an increase in CD4+ CD8+ cells in active Hashimoto's disease and subacute thyroiditis.

We examined peripheral lymphocyte subsets in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease, or subacute thyroiditis, in the active stage when possible. During destructive thyrotoxicosis arising from alpha beta T cell receptor (TCR) negative T (WT31-CD3+) cells and CD8 (CD4-CD8+) cells decreased and those of CD4+CD8+ cells increased slightly, resulting in proportional increases in CD4 (CD4+CD8-) cells, non-T, non-B (CD5-CD19-) cells, and the CD4/CD8 cell ratio. Changes were similar in active subacute thyroiditis. During stimulative thyrotoxicosis in active Graves' disease, the numbers of such T lymphocyte subsets were not changed, but only the number of CD5+ B (CD5+CD19+) cells increased markedly, resulting in proportional decreases in total T (CD3+) cells, alpha beta+ TCR T (WT31+CD3+) cells, CD8 cells, and non-T, non-B cells. A serial study of some of the patients showed opposite changes in alpha beta TCR- T cells, the CD4/CD8 cell ratio, and CD5+ B cells between the active stages of Graves' and Hashimoto's diseases. alpha beta TCR- T cells were mostly gamma delta TCR+ T (IIF2+ CD3+) cells in these patients. These data suggest that alpha beta TCR-T (gamma delta TCR+ T), CD8, and CD4+ CD8+ cells are important in thyroid destruction in Hashimoto's disease and subacute thyroiditis, and that CD5+ B cells are important in thyroid stimulation in Graves' disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Usefulness of thyroglobulin antibody detected by ultrasensitive enzyme immunoassay: a good parameter for immune surveillance in healthy subjects and for prediction of post-partum thyroid dysfunction.

OBJECTIVE: Using newly developed ultrasensitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), we have evaluated physiological and pathological implications of the antibody in healthy subjects as well as in autoimmune thyroid diseases. MEASUREMENTS: This EIA was based on the immune complex transfer method, and was 10(4)-fold more sensitive compared with the conventional haemagglutination assay (HA); the detection limit was 0.1 micrograms IgG/I, and the specificity of the assay was confirmed from the unequivocal decrease in the fluorescence intensity by the preincubation of test serum with Tg and/or inactive beta-D-galactosidase which blocks antibodies to the enzyme. RESULTS: TgAb was detectable in 159 (91%) of 175 healthy subjects aged 3rd to 7th decade (96 men and 79 women), and did not exhibit age or sex-associated change. In nine healthy women, the TgAb level significantly decreased as pregnancy progressed but increased transiently after delivery. TgAb was detectable in 52 (98%) of 53 patients with Graves' disease and all (100%) of 107 patients with chronic thyroiditis. Abnormal high TgAb values (> 40 micrograms/I), determined from the 95th percentile in healthy subjects, were shown in 40 (75%) with the former disease and 94 (88%) with the latter disease. Moreover, in 14 goitrous patients with biopsy-proved chronic thyroiditis with negative HA results, 12 (86%) showed abnormal high TgAb levels. In 69 patients with post-partum thyrotoxicosis in Graves' disease, 15 (79%) of 19 patients with the TgAb level of more than 2 x 10(3) micrograms/I in early pregnancy showed destructive thyrotoxicosis and 46 (92%) of 50 with less than this level showed stimulative thyrotoxicosis. This TgAb test could discriminate the two types of thyrotoxicosis more clearly than could the conventional TGHA test. In chronic thyroiditis, the mean TgAb value in early pregnancy was significantly higher in patients with postpartum hypothyroidism than in those without thyroid dysfunction. Hypothyroidism developed in 80% of the patients with a TgAb value of more than 10(3) micrograms/I. CONCLUSIONS: The ultrasensitive TgAb EIA was useful for detecting the physiological changes in autoantibody formation in healthy subjects and the TgAb value was useful for predicting post-partum thyroid dysfunction in autoimmune thyroid diseases. This EIA is useful for the evaluation of the immune surveillance in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases as well as in healthy subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical studies on pediatric purulent meningitis--clinical symptoms and prognosis].

In 149 patients with purulent meningitis we encountered in the period of 20 years from 1970 to 1990, their clinical symptoms and prognosis were investigated. Death or sequela was noted in many of the patients having loss of consciousness, stiffness of the members and/or cyanosis as primary clinical symptoms, or having hypoalbuminemia (less than 2.5 g/dl) and/or thrombocytopenia as abnormal laboratory findings, or having excessive protein levels and/or excessively low sugar levels in cerebro-spinal fluid. Early initiation of adequate antibiotic therapy, as well as symptomatic treatment using transfusion, steroids and anticonvulsants, are important.

Female↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical studies on pediatric purulent meningitis--statistical analysis of etiology and therapy].

In a total of 149 children with purulent meningitis we encountered in our institute in the last 20 years, the causatives, the changes in therapeutic management and the prognosis were investigated. The causatives could be detected in 109 patients (73%): H. influenzae; 30 patients (20%), S. pneumoniae; 18 patients (12%), E. coli; 13 patients (9%), GBS; 7 patients (5%) and S. aureus; 6 patients (4%). These five causatives were detected in 49% of the total patients, or 67% of the patients in whom causatives could be detected. Of these five causatives, E. coli were detected the most frequently in the first half of 1970's, but, in recent years, the detection of GBS, S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae has been remarkably increasing. In spite of progress in antibiotics, the prognosis of the disease due to S. pneumoniae, GBS and S. aureus was poor. In the majority of the patients who died, the death came within five days after hospitalization due to loss of consciousness, convulsion etc. It is therefore necessary not only to initiate strong antibiotic treatment as soon as possible after early diagnosis, but also to take symptomatic measures such as steroidal treatment, treatment of shock etc.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1992

Syntheses and antiulcer activities of 2-aminonorbornene derivatives.

2,2,-Disubstituted norbornenes (1, 2), 2,2-Disubstituted norbornane (3), 2,2,3-trisubstituted norbornenes (4, 5), oxanorbornenes (6) and azanorbornenes (7) were synthesized by the Diels-Alder reaction using alpha, beta-dehydroamino acids as a key step, and their antiulcer activities were examined. The oxazolidine derivative (1h) exhibited the most potent activities against several ulcer-models in rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Reciprocal changes in serum levels of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) and complements (C3, C4) in normal pregnancy and after delivery.

Sequential changes in serum levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM, and C3 and C4 during and after pregnancy were studied in 8 healthy women. Serum IgG decreased gradually during pregnancy, but increased markedly during the six months following delivery. Serum IgA and IgM levels also showed patterns similar to IgG. In contrast, C3 and C4 levels increased significantly and reached maximum levels in the last trimester during pregnancy, but decreased gradually for six months after delivery. Reciprocal changes between immunoglobulins and complements were clarified for the first time, and were suggestive of a compensatory autoregulatory mechanism in the suppression of the humoral immune system during pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Risk factors for developmental disorders in infants born to women with Graves disease.

OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for disorders of fetal growth and thyroid function in the presence of maternal Graves disease. METHODS: Two hundred thirty pregnancies in gravidas with Graves disease were analyzed. Maternal thyroid status was evaluated by serum free thyroxine (T4) or free T4 index, TSH, and TSH-receptor antibody; personal history of thyrotoxicosis and total dose of antithyroid drugs during pregnancy were also noted. Neonatal thyroid function was assessed at birth and on the fifth day after birth. RESULTS: Fifteen neonates (6.5%) were small for gestational age (SGA), and this occurrence was significantly associated with thyrotoxicosis lasting for 30 weeks or more of pregnancy, TSH-receptor antibody level of 30% or more at delivery, history of Graves disease of 10 years or longer, and onset of Graves disease before 20 years of age. However, no significant correlation was found between maternal thyroid hormone level and SGA neonates. Thyroid dysfunction developed in 38 infants (16.5%), of whom only four were SGA; development of this dysfunction was significantly related to the mother's total dose of antithyroid drugs, duration of thyrotoxicosis in pregnancy, and/or TSH-receptor antibody level at delivery. CONCLUSIONS: Duration of maternal Graves disease or thyrotoxicosis, either mild chemical or overt, in pregnancy is significantly associated with SGA neonates. Neonatal thyroid dysfunction is associated with the maternal thyroid condition, especially the serum TSH-receptor antibody level.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Analysis of circulating thyroid-stimulating activities in pregnant women with Graves' disease: differential measurement of activities induced by TSH receptor antibody and hCG].

Thyrotoxicosis in Graves' disease is often aggravated in early pregnancy and this aggravation is associated with postpartum relapse of thyrotoxicosis. To examine whether thyroid-stimulating TSH receptor antibody (TSAb) or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which also has thyroid-stimulating activity (TSA), is responsible for this early aggravation, the respective TSA due to TSAb or hCG were evaluated with a sensitive cAMP accumulation assay using FRTL-5 cells. TSA, which was detectable in all of 11 women in normal early pregnancy, correlated positively with serum hCG level, but was abolished completely by the pretreatment of serum samples with the solid-phase hCG antibody coupled with Sepharose-4B. Total TSA in the model samples of mixture of Graves' and pregnant sera (Gr + Preg), was reduced by the pretreatment with the solid-phase antibody, just corresponding with the reduction in hCG-induced TSA. Total TSA in early pregnant sera in 15 patients with Graves' disease, decreased significantly but was still positive even by the pretreatment with the hCG antibody. Pregnancy-associated changes in TSA was examined serially in a patient with Graves' disease, and hCG-induced TSA increased predominantly along with the serum thyroid hormone in early aggravation period. These data indicate that (1) the respective TSA due to TSAb or hCG can be differentially measured by using the solid-phase hCG antibody and (2) hCG plays an important role for aggravation of Graves' thyrotoxicosis in early pregnancy.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Immunological and biological characteristics of recombinant human thyrotropin.

Analyses of epitopes and biological activity were made on two preparations of recombinant human thyrotropin produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Seven monoclonal antibodies recognizing four epitopes on alpha subunit of hTSH (hTSH alpha) and three on beta subunit (hTSH beta) were used for the analysis. Binding activities of the two rhTSH with each antibody were almost identical with that of a pituitary-derived reference hTSH, except at one epitope on hTSH alpha. Their immunoreactivity measured by four commercial immunoassay kits and their bioactivity by thyrotropin dependent FRTL-5 cell system, however, agreed closely with those of the reference hTSH. From these results and its constant availability, rhTSH will be a good candidate for a future standard material in assays for hTSH.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1991

Nucleotide sequence of the yeast glutathione S-transferase cDNA.

The nucleotide sequence (658 bp) of the cDNA coding for glutathione S-transferase Y-2 of yeast Issatchenkia orientalis was obtained. The cDNA clone contains an open reading frame of 570 nucleotides encoding a polypeptide comprising 190 amino acids with a molecular weight of 21,520. The primary amino acid sequence of the enzyme exhibits only 25.0% and 21.1% identity with 177 and 151 amino acid residues of maize glutathione S-transferase I and rat glutathione S-transferase Yb2, respectively.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Effects of trimebutine on cytosolic Ca2+ and force transitions in intestinal smooth muscle.

The effects of trimebutine maleate on cytosolic free Ca2+ and force transitions in the guinea-pig taenia cecum were studied by fura-2 fluorometry and tension recording. The addition of 80 mM K+ induced a transient increase in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and tension, followed by a sustained increase. Trimebutine (10 microM) suppressed both [Ca2+]i elevation and tension development. The tonic responses were more potently inhibited than the phasic responses. Phasic components gradually increased as the added K+ increased (10-40 mM). The relationship between the peak increases in [Ca2+]i and tension was not affected by trimebutine (10 microM). This means that trimebutine does not affect the Ca2+ sensitivity of contractile elements. In a high K+ and Ca(2+)-free medium, carbachol (10 microM) or caffeine (30 mM) caused transient [Ca2+]i elevation and tension development in the smooth muscle. Trimebutine (10 microM) decreased the amplitude of both responses. Trimebutine (10 microM) inhibited the spontaneous fluctuations in [Ca2+]i and motility of taenia cecum in the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX; 0.3 microM). These results suggest that trimebutine has two types of inhibitory actions on intestinal smooth muscle; one, the inhibition of Ca2+ influx through voltage-dependent calcium channels, and the other, the inhibition of Ca2+ release from intracellular storage sites.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Changes in cell polarity during mitosis in rat parotid acinar cells.

We studied the ultrastructure and cytochemistry of mitotic parotid acinar cells in vivo after induction of mitosis by isoproterenol injection. With entrance of the cells into the division cycle, the Golgi apparatus lost its characteristic stacked structure and internal polarity among the cisternae, appearing as fragments distributed throughout the cytoplasm. These fragments consisted of electron-lucent vesiculotubular structures and electron-dense 70-nm vesicles; neither component showed thiamine pyrophosphatase activity, a marker for trans cisternae of the Golgi apparatus, but the 70-nm vesicles showed a positive reaction for osmium impregnation, indicating retention of the cis nature. The rough endoplasmic reticulum was dilated and fragmented. Recovery of the structure of Golgi apparatus and rearrangement of rough endoplasmic reticulum occurred in daughter cells during telophase. These changes were the same as those observed after drug-induced inhibition of protein transport. The secretory granules were not dispersed but were divided into two groups with which centrioles were closely associated. Both groups migrated with the centrioles as far as the next interphase. The distribution of 5'-nucleotidase on the luminal plasma membrane showed no change during the process of division, thus demonstrating that surface polarity was maintained during mitosis. These changes in organelle structure and distribution may be due to the conversion of cell function from a secretory to a mitotic action.

5'-Nucleotidase↗
PubMed1991

Detection of thyroid microsomal and thyroglobulin antibodies by new sensitive radioimmunoassay in Hashimoto's disease; comparison with conventional hemagglutination assay.

We evaluated clinical usefulness of thyroid microsomal antibody (MCAb) and thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb) measured by new sensitive radioimmunoassays (RIA). These assays are simple and reproducible; the intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 3.6-6.8% and 6.6-13.2% in the MCAb assay, and 3.2-7.7% and 7.6-12.3% in the TGAb assay, respectively. In 126 patients with Hashimoto's disease, the antibody activity determined by this RIA correlated with that determined by the hemagglutination assay (HA) (r = 0.848 for MCAb, r = 0.686 for TGAb, p less than 0.001). MCAb was detected by RIA in all of 115 HA-positive and 4 of 11 HA-negative patients, and TGAb by RIA in all of 84 HA-positive and 29 of 42 HA-negative patients: the prevalence of MCAb was 94% and that of TGAb was 90% in the disease. Moreover, some showed high antibody activity only in RIA. In another group of 14 patients with biopsy-proved Hashimoto's disease with no antibody activity by routine HA tests, serum MCAb was detected in 3 (21%), TGAb in 11 (79%), and both activities in 2 (14%). Our results indicate that (1) the RIA tests are more sensitive than the conventional HA test, and that (2) the present RIA test for TGAb is more sensitive than that for MCAb in detecting autoimmune abnormalities, especially in patients with biopsy-proved Hashimoto's disease who give negative results in the HA test.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Bilateral microphthalmos with orbital cyst--case report.

A 3-month-old girl presented with a rare occurrence of bilateral microphthalmos associated with orbital cysts. She underwent subtotal removal of the right orbital cyst. Histological examination was compatible with microphthalmos with orbital cyst. Although microphthalmos associated with orbital cyst is rarely encountered, it must be considered in the differential diagnosis of orbital cystic lesions.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1991

The stability of immunological and biological activity of human thyrotropin in buffer: its temperature-dependent dissociation into subunits during freezing.

The stability of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in buffer under various storage conditions was studied with regard to its immunoreactivity measured by an immunoradiometric assay and its bioactivity by a sensitive FRTL-5 cell bioassay. The immunoreactivity was well retained at 4 degrees C or 24 degrees C throughout the study period of 90 days. At -20 degrees C, however, it decreased proportionately with the storage time. The mean reduction was 42.1% at 90 days compared with that when stored at -80 degrees C. The bioactivity showed a similar course of change with its reduction of 44.3% at -20 degrees C in 90 days. The loss of both activities was attributed to the dissociation of human (h) TSH molecule into its subunits. The concentration of the alpha subunit of hTSH in those samples stored at -20 degrees C gradually increased from the initial undetectable level to that almost equivalent on a molar basis to the loss of immunoreactivity. The enrichment of albumin in the buffer to a level of more than 1.0% was effective in preventing the occurrence of such a phenomenon. These data indicate that hTSH, when frozen at -20 degrees C in buffer is gradually dissociated into its subunits, despite its outstanding stability for 90 days at both 4 degrees C and 24 degrees C. However, no apparent inconsistency between immunological and biological activities, was observed at any temperature between -20 degrees C and 24 degrees C.

Albumins↗
PubMed1991

[Converse changes in serum levels of immunoglobulins (IgG, A and M) and complement components (C3, 4) during pregnancy].

Sequential changes in serum levels of the immunoglobulins IgG, A and M and of the complements C3 and C4 during pregnancy and the postpartum period were studied in 8 healthy women. Serum IgG and A levels decreased gradually during pregnancy, but increased significantly during the first three months following delivery. Serum IgM level also decreased during pregnancy, reaching its minimum during the second trimester, but increased thereafter. In contrast, C3 and C4 levels increased significantly during pregnancy and reached their maximum levels during the last trimester. After delivery, levels of these two components decreased gradually for the next six months. The complement system may operate as a compensatory autoregulatory mechanism in the suppression of the humoral immune system during pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[The respiratory function in children with collagen disease].

Respiratory function tests were performed on 60 children with collagen disease. Twenty-seven cases (45%) showed abnormalities in the respiratory function. These abnormalities were restrictive in 14 cases (52%), obstructive in 6 cases (22%), and mixed type in 7 cases (26%). Eight out of 14 SLE patients (57%) showed abnormalities of various types. Abnormalities were seen in 9 out of 25 JRA patients (36%) including 6 cases (67%) with restrictive type changes. Four out of 6 MCTD (67%) and 3 out of 9 DM (33%) patient showed functional abnormalities. Most of patients with these two types of collagen disease showed restrictive changes. Investigations performed by a research group of the Ministry of Health and Welfare showed the incidence of restrictive type changes (% VC less than 80) in adult patients of collagen disease to be in the following descending order: PM/DM greater than PSS greater than MCTD greater than SLE. Though small in number, our investigation revealed that a considerable proportion of MCTD and SLE patients showed restrictive changes in respiratory function. In evaluating the clinical course of the disease, it was thus considered to be important to follow up the progress of respiratory functions in children with collagen disease.

Adolescent↗