PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H Tanno

Publications and source records attributed to H Tanno.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Breakdown of the blood-brain barrier after fluid percussion brain injury in the rat: Part 2: Effect of hypoxia on permeability to plasma proteins.

Clinical studies have demonstrated that hypoxia after severe brain injury is common and significantly worsens neurologic outcome. We have, therefore, developed a rat model of posttraumatic hypoxic injury in order to identify the pathophysiologic responses after head injury that are worsened by this secondary insult. We examined the effect of hypoxia after brain injury on permeability of the blood-brain barrier to plasma proteins. Animals were divided into two experimental groups: group I (impact alone) and group IH (impact plus hypoxia). Rats were subjected to a lateral fluid percussive brain injury (4.8-5.2 atm). Animals in group IH were exposed to hypoxic conditions (10% O2) for 45 min immediately after injury. In each group, vascular permeability to endogenous immunoglobulins (IgG) and to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was examined at the light microscopic level. IgG was immunolocalized in brain sections at 1-24 h after injury. In other studies, HRP was given i.v. either before impact or 10 min before killing. Permeability to this protein was assessed at 1-72 h after injury. The distribution of extravasated proteins was similar between the experimental groups at 1 h postinjury. Pronounced abnormal permeability to IgG and HRP (given before impact) occurred in discrete regions throughout both the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres. By 6 h after injury, a differential response of the blood-brain barrier was noted between groups I and IH. Widespread leakage of proteins was observed in the injured hemisphere in group IH. This finding was in sharp contrast to group I, in which extravasated proteins remained more localized in the injured hemisphere. The time course for reestablishment of the blood-brain barrier to HRP (given before killing) was determined. The impact site remained permeable to HRP up to at least 72 h postinjury within groups I and IH. In group I, the blood-brain barrier was reestablished in the parasagittal cortex and deep cortical layer by 6 h postinjury. In contrast, the blood-brain barrier in group IH was not restored in similar brain regions until 24 h postinjury. These studies demonstrate that (1) hypoxia after brain injury exacerbates the regional breakdown of the blood-brain barrier to circulating proteins, (2) this influence of hypoxia on permeability is not apparent immediately after injury but rather is expressed at 6 h after injury, and (3) hypoxia after traumatic brain injury delays recovery of the blood-brain barrier. These findings suggest that secondary posttraumatic hypoxia contributes to the vascular pathogenesis of brain injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Long-term follow-up of cerebral blood flow in patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysm.

The xenon-133 inhalation technique was used to make three measurements of regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) in 34 patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysm: in the acute period (less than 14 days) after subarachnoid hemorrhage, in the subacute period (15-30 days), and in the chronic period (12-24 months). The hemispheric mean value of initial slope index was used as the mean CBF. The clinical outcomes were classified into good recovery (GR) (24 cases), moderate disability (MD) (5), and severe disability (SD) (5) on the Glasgow Outcome Scale. In all periods, the mean CBF significantly correlated with the outcome. GR patients had the highest mean CBF, MD patients the intermediate mean CBF, and SD patients the lowest mean CBF. GR patients had a near-normal mean CBF by the chronic period, while SD patients showed no significant CBF recovery throughout the course.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[An autopsy case of four primary cancers including malignant meningioma].

The authors describe an autopsy case of a 68-year-old man with four primary cancers diagnosed at autopsy including malignant meningioma, early esophageal cancer, early gastric cancer and lung cancer. Recently, the number of patients with four and five primary cancers has been increasing. According to the Annual of the Pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan, 156 cases were reported during 16 years from 1974 to 1989. In this series, cancers were detected most frequently in stomach, colon, lung, prostate, liver and esophagus. However, only two cases with four and five primary cancers including malignant meningioma were reported. Because occult cancers like prostatic cancers are unexpectedly diagnosed at autopsy, the incidence of four and five primary cancers including malignant meningioma seems to be higher when the central nervous system is examined more frequently at autopsy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

[Cerebral blood flow and CO2 reactivity in patients with transient ischemic attack].

To elucidate the changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and CO2 reactivity in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA), 10 patients with TIA and 5 healthy adults (controls) underwent two consecutive CBF measurements (i.e. the first measurement during room air inhalation and the second measurement during 5%CO2 inhalation). Hemispheric mean CBF was determined by each CBF measurement using 133Xenon inhalation method. CO2 reactivity was evaluated by analysing delta CBF (= mean CBF during hypercapnea-mean CBF at rest) and delta CBF/delta PaCO2. The resting mean CBF values in the bilateral hemispheres (i.e. both of the affected and unaffected hemispheres) were significantly lower in TIA patients than controls (p less than 0.05). Inhalation of 5%CO2 significantly increased mean CBF in TIA patients bilaterally, however the mean CBF value during hypercapnea was again significantly lower in TIA patients than controls (p less than 0.05). CO2 reactivity in TIA patients was not significantly different from controls (p greater than 0.05). The result demonstrated that TIA patients have a chronic and global cerebral oligemia with normal CO2 reactivity. The chronic and global cerebral oligemia may develop a transient ischemic neurological symptom by being superimposed with local decrease of CBF.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1991

[A case of hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis].

A case of hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis was reported. A 58-year-old female presented the symptoms of headache and vomiting. At the age of 27, she had suffered from tuberculosis. Neurological examination on admission revealed bilateral papilledema, bilateral hearing disturbance, right hypoglossal nerve palsy, ataxic gait, and bilateral intentional tremor. CT scan showed dilatation of the lateral and third ventricles, and compression of the fourth ventricle with marked enhancement of cerebellar tentorium. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt was installed bringing about improvement in bilateral papilledema, ataxic gait, and bilateral intentional tremor. One month later, ataxic gait and bilateral intentional tremor recurred, and monoparesis of the left upper extremity developed. MRI demonstrated hypertrophic dura mater in the posterior fossa and compressed cervical spinal cord. Decompressive surgery was performed bringing about remarkable clinical improvement. The pathological specimen showed thickening of the dura mater with concentric layers of dense fibrous tissue infiltrated with plasma cells. A diagnosis of hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis was established. Three years later, the clinical features were found unchanged, but contrast enhancement of cerebellar tentorium had progressed markedly. Hypertrophic pachymeningitis is a uncommon disease. But it should be noted that intracranial involvement is very rare. The etiology, symptomatology, neuroradiology, and treatment are discussed and the literature is reviewed.

Dura Mater↗
PubMed1990

Recombinant interferon alfa-2b following prednisone withdrawal in the treatment of chronic type B hepatitis.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of interferon alfa-2b, alone and following prednisone withdrawal, in patients with chronic type B hepatitis. Thirty-five patients (27 men and eight women) were randomly allocated to two treatment groups. Group I (n = 17) received 6 weeks of prednisone followed by interferon alfa-2b (INTRON A, Schering-Plough Corporation) 10 million units subcutaneously, three times a week for 16 weeks. Group II (n = 18) was used as an untreated control group for 24 weeks, after which they received 16 weeks of treatment with the same dose of interferon as Group I. Both groups were followed up for 24 weeks after treatment. In Group I, 10/17 patients (58.8%) eliminated hepatitis B e antigen; 8/17 (47.1%) developed antibodies to hepatitis B e antigen; 9/17 (52.9%) became hepatitis B virus DNA negative and 1/17 (5.9%) was hepatitis B surface antigen negative at the end of follow up. In Group II, during the control phase, 1/18 (5.5%) became hepatitis B e antigen negative. When treated with interferon, 7/15 (46.7%) eliminated the e antigen, and 6/15 (40%) developed antibodies to hepatitis B e antigen and were hepatitis B virus DNA negative at the end of follow up. Serum alanine aminotransferase reached normal levels in all seroconverted patients. Liver biopsies showed a marked reduction of inflammation and disappearance of hepatitis B core antigen in liver cell nuclei in almost all cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[One and a half syndrome and MRI--a case report and functional neuroanatomy of the syndrome].

This is a case report of 63 year old men who presented one and a half syndrome with ipsilateral peripheral type facial palsy due to lacunar infarct. MRI taken one week after the onset (TR 2000, TE 38) demonstrated small high intensity lesion, 4 mm in diameter, located at the dorsal portion of pontine tegmentum, contacting with the floor of 4th ventricle. This MRI coincides with the lesion limited to the abducens nucleus and genu of facial nerve. Traditionally, projections from the PPRF to the ipsilateral abducens nucleus and opposite MLF was postulated. Recently, however, experiment on monkey and autopsy cases showed projection from abducens nucleus, instead of PPRF, to the opposite MLF has been proposed. MRI findings in this case support the latter hypothesis. It is expected that, with the advent of MRI, more meticulous functional neuroanatomy will be developed.

Dementia, Multi-Infarct↗
PubMed1989

[Simultaneous, multiple hypertensive intracerebral hematomas: report of 5 cases and review of literature].

Five cases of multiple hypertensive intracerebral hematomas which occurred simultaneously but in different locations were described in this report. The diagnoses of all five cases were established by computed tomography, and the location of the hematomas was as follows; case 1. bilateral putamen, case 2. bilateral thalamus and right parietal subcortex, case 3. cerebellum and left thalamus, cases 4 and 5. cerebellum and right putamen. These represented 0.7% of all the patients (679 cases) who suffered from hypertensive intracerebral hematoma and were admitted to our two institutions in the last five years. We also reviewed the other 11 cases which have been reported in literature, and the total 16 cases were analyzed with respect to clinical characteristics, pathogenesis of multiple hematomas, indication of operation and prognosis. 1. The age distribution had a peak in the 70's and was similar to that of single hematoma. 2. Sixteen cases had 34 intracerebral hematomas. Eleven cases had bilateral supratentorial lesions. Four cases had cerebellar and supratentorial lesions. The remaining had two supratentorial lesions ipsilaterally. The distribution of 34 hematomas (16 in cerebral basal ganglia, 10 in thalamus, 4 in cerebellum, 4 in cerebral subcortex and none in pons) was well correlated to the distribution of usual hypertensive intracerebral hematomas. 3. The clinical symptoms were characterized by severe consciousness disturbance and severe neurological deficits. Their outcome was poor. 4. As for the possible mechanism of simultaneous multiple hemorrhages, we suspected either that two or more primary bleedings occurred simultaneously in the different regions, or that a primary bleeding was followed a short time after by a secondary bleeding in the other site.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1988

HBeAg/anti-HBe seroconversion during and after protracted immunosuppressive treatment in type B chronic hepatitis.

Seventy-seven consecutive HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis patients were studied from 1971 to 1983 to establish the seroconversion rate in the e system. Patients with less than a year of follow-up were not included in the study. Fifty-six patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) received immunosuppressive treatment (corticosteroids combined with azathioprine). The remaining twenty-one patients received no treatment, nine of them with chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) and 12 with CAH. A retrospective study was performed with stored sera samples: HBeAg and anti-HBe were determined by RIA, and results were correlated with alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) levels in the same samples. The linearized seroconversion rate from HBeAg to anti-HBe was expressed as percent per patient-year. It was 9.6% in CPH patients and 8.8% in CAH patients without treatment. In CAH patients under immunosuppressive drugs it was as low as 1.1% and increased to 28.7% when treatment was withdrawn. ALAT levels were significantly lower in total seroconverted patients when compared with nonseroconverted (NS) patients, but no difference was found between partial seroconverted (PS) and NS patients. The results suggest that although immunosuppressive drug withdrawal may enhance seroconversion rate in type B CAH, delayed seroconversion and reported side effects during treatment stand against protracted usage of these drugs.

Azathioprine↗
PubMed1988

Biphasic form of hepatitis A virus infection: a frequent variant in Argentina.

In a retrospective study, we review here the clinical presentation of patients with the biphasic form of hepatitis A, a variant of viral hepatitis characterised by an increase in ALAT levels after an initial recovery in clinical condition and laboratory tests. Twenty-one patients were diagnosed as having a biphasic form; they represent about 10% of a selected population of hepatitis A cases. Six patients were asymptomatic. Eleven patients were jaundiced, nine of them showing a "cholestatic" pattern. The second phase of the disease had a more protracted course and displayed higher ALAT levels than the first phase. The total duration of the disease was 120 +/- 28 (mean +/- SD) days, and its course was benign.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Degrading process of acute ischemic myocardial cells.

1. Development of acute ischemic myocardial injury was studied in mongrel dogs, induced by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), by biochemical analysis of myocardial fractions such as sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and mitochondria (Mt) and by electron microscopic observation of ischemic myocardial cells with lanthanum probe method. 2. Irreversible injury of ischemic myocardium initiated in subendocardial muscle as early as 20 min after occlusion of LAD as expressed degradation of major ATPase protein and phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine of SR and irreversible impairment of state III respiratory and dinitrophenol (DNP)-ATPase activities of Mt, and these necrotic changes advanced to subepicardial layer at about 60 min. 3. Ultrastructural irreversible findings appeared later at about 60 min following inflow of lanthanum ions in ischemia for 30 min. 4. Activation of cathepsin B inside of SR under ischemic acidic metabolism and abnormal inflow of Ca++ into ischemic cardiac myocytes are suspective of very important factors for the initiation of myocardial ischemic injury in early myocardial ischemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Anti-delta antibody in various HBsAg positive Argentine populations.

One thousand five hundred and seventeen HBsAg carriers from different cities of Argentina were studied for the presence of anti-Delta antibody (anti-HDV) in their sera. One thousand one hundred and sixty-eight were volunteer blood donors and 349 were patients with liver disease. Different liver diseases were diagnosed by clinical, biochemical, and histological parameters. Among blood donors, 16 (1.4%) were positive for the antibody and none was Delta-antigen positive. In 130 patients with acute hepatitis, one (0.77%) was positive for anti-HDV, as well as three (2.22%) out of 135 patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH), and three (5.77%) out of 52 patients with cirrhosis (C). No anti-HDV positive was found among seven fulminant hepatitis (FH) cases. The presence of HBeAg and anti-HBe was studied in anti-HDV positive sera; eleven (69%) volunteer blood donors were anti-HBe positive, and five (31%) were HBeAg positive. HBeAg was positive in the three CAH cases, and in one out of three C Cases with anti-HDV positive. Hepatitis Delta antigen was also positive in the hepatocytic nuclei in the three patients with C and two of the three CAH cases. The present results show that Delta infection is rare among blood donors in Argentina. A small variation without statistical significance could be found within different geographical areas. Among patients with HBsAg related liver disease, the presence of HDV markers was also low.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Hepatitis A virus in stool during clinical relapse.

Among 256 patients with acute hepatitis A, 17 (6.6%) had a relapse of the disease between 30 and 90 days after the primary episode. We studied 7 of these patients. Serologic testing showed mean alanine aminotransferase levels of 1668 IU/L during the acute stage, 107 IU/L during the early convalescence, and 1027 IU/L during the relapse. Tests for IgM antibody against hepatitis A virus were positive in the 7 patients at the onset of disease, with decreasing levels in 3 of the 4 patients tested during the evolution of the illness. Stools collected during the relapse phase showed hepatitis A virus by immune electron microscopy, radioimmunoassay, and molecular hybridization using a 32P-labeled cDNA-hepatitis A virus probe. Stools collected from 4 of these patients 6 to 12 months after the onset of disease were negative for the virus. The finding of hepatitis A virus in the stool of these patients during the relapse phase strongly implicates hepatitis A virus as the causative agent of the clinical relapse.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Extracranial internal carotid occlusion and coexisting ipsilateral intracranial internal carotid aneurysm].

A rare case of extracranial internal carotid occlusion with a coexisting ipsilateral internal carotid aneurysm is reported. A 50-year-old male had a sudden onset of severe headache, vomiting and right motor weakness on May 14, 1984. Two days later the patient was transferred to our hospital. On admission he was alert but presented with nuchal rigidity and right moderate hemiparesis. He had an episode of a blunt head injury 12 years previously, but no history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus or cerebral stroke. A computed tomography revealed mild subarachnoid hemorrhage and mild ventricular dilatation. A cerebral angiography did not demonstrate any aneurysms but it revealed occlusion of the right internal carotid artery at the cervical bifurcation. The repeated angiography on May 31 disclosed a saccular aneurysm arising anteromedially at the level of the junction of the right posterior communicating artery and the internal carotid artery. The cervical internal carotid artery remained occluded at the same site. The middle cerebral artery was supplied through the well-developed posterior communicating artery, and the right anterior cerebral artery was supplied through the anterior communicating artery. Clipping of the aneurysm was attempted but it was forcibly trapped because of premature bleeding on June 5. The right V-P shunt was performed for the progressive ventricular dilatation on June 12. The patient was discharged with no paresis on June 20. It has been well known that the uni- or bilateral carotid occlusion, whatever the origins are, are often associated with cerebral aneurysms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Carotid Artery Diseases↗
PubMed1986

Relevance of anti-alpha-fetoprotein antibody for radioimmunodetection: analysis with alpha-fetoprotein-secreting rat hepatoma and antigen-bound acrylic beads.

Using AFP-secreting AH66 rat hepatoma cells and AFP-bound acrylic beads (AFP-B), artificial cells expressing surface antigen, the effect of blood AFP level on the accumulation of radiolabeled rabbit anti-AFP antibody in the site of tumor and beads implanted in rats was examined. Scintigrams of hepatoma-bearing rats with implanted AFP-B showed a marked localization in AFP-B site, but not in the tumor site on day 5 after the injection of radiolabeled antibody. The imaging of AFP-B was most satisfactory in normal rats with extremely low blood AFP. Tissue/blood radioactivity ratio in AFP-B on day 5 was found to be significantly higher in normal rats (17.43 +/- 5.55), compared with 6.66 +/- 1.67 in the tumor-bearing rats (p less than 0.01), while the ratio of AFP-B in tumor-bearing rats remarkably recovered to 11.20 +/- 0.25 (p less than 0.01) after whole blood exchange to reduce an elevated serum AFP level. The accumulation of anti-AFP antibody in the tumor was not observed irrespective of AFP-B. Microautoradiography of tissue sections showed the specific localization of radioactivity on the surface of AFP-B but not on the surface or the inside of the tumor cells. Immune complexes were detected in plasma of tumor-bearing rats 1 min to 7 days after the administration of the radiolabeled antibody. In conclusion, the application of anti-AFP antibody for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors is limited to the case of the expression of AFP on the surface of tumor cells and lower AFP level in circulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysm: site of aneurysm and rCBF].

To investigate the relationship between the site of ruptured cerebral aneurysm and rCBF, 92 measurements of rCBF were conducted in 57 patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysm. Excluded from this study were patients with multiple aneurysms, intracerebral hematoma, and/or hydrocephalus. Twenty-four patients had the anterior communicating aneurysm (A-com), 20 patients had the internal carotid aneurysm (ICA), and 13 patients had the middle cerebral aneurysm (MCA). All patients underwent unilateral fronto-temporal craniotomy for clipping of the aneurysm and their rCBF measurements, using the xenon-133 inhalation method, were performed in the first three weeks after surgery. In each rCBF measurement, the hemispheric mean value of initial slope index (meanISI) was calculated in both cerebral hemispheres, that is, in the cerebral hemispheres ipsilateral and contralateral to craniotomy. The authors defined the "symmetry index of the meanISI (%): symmetry index" as the ratio of the meanISI in the cerebral hemisphere ipsilateral to craniotomy compared to the meanISI in the cerebral hemisphere contralateral to craniotomy. There was no significant relationship between the site of aneurysm and the meanISI in both hemispheres, and this result suggests that the site of aneurysm makes no difference in the incidence of vasospasm. In the postoperative first week, the "symmetry index" was 91.2 +/- 7.4% in MCA, 95.3 +/- 4.1% in ICA, and 97.9 +/- 8.2% in A-com; that is, MCA had significant asymmetry of meanCBF compared with A-com (p less than 0.05). In the second and third postoperative weeks, there was no significant relationship between the site of aneurysm and the asymmetry of meanCBF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cerebrovascular Circulation↗