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H Thadepalli

Publications and source records attributed to H Thadepalli.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Effect of rufloxacin on in-vitro proliferation and differentiation of human mononuclear cells.

We investigated the effects of rufloxacin, a new, long acting fluoroquinolone, on the growth and differentiation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) stimulated with T- and B-cell mitogenic agents. Rufloxacin inhibited 3H-thymidine incorporation into MNC stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) in a dose-dependent manner. The concentrations of rufloxacin required to inhibit 1/2 maximal proliferation of T- and B-cells were 62 and 33.5 mg/L respectively. Rufloxacin, at clinically achievable serum levels (less than 10 mg/L), was found not to inhibit PHA-induced T-cell differentiation as assessed by IL-2 production, IL-2 receptor expression and the expression of cell differentiation markers (CD4 and CD8). However, higher concentrations of rufloxacin (10 and 50 mg/L) markedly inhibited B-cell differentiation in-vitro as determined by the measurement of immunoglobulin production by MNC stimulated with PWM. The clinical relevance of our in-vitro findings remains to be elucidated.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of temafloxacin in a rat model of intra-abdominal abscess.

The in-vitro activity of temafloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, was evaluated in an experimental model of intra-abdominal abscess in rats. Mixed aerobic-anaerobic infection was induced by intraperitoneal implantation of gelatin capsules containing Bacteroides fragilis, Escherichia coli, and sterile rat faeces. Temafloxacin was highly active with a 90.9% cure rate in comparison with no treatment (no cures; P less than 0.0001), and as active as a combination of clindamycin and gentamicin (100% cure rate; P greater than 0.05). Temafloxacin (12 mg/dose) gave rise to serum concentrations that exceeded the MIC values of both microorganisms for at least 8 h.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1991

Enoxacin therapy for experimental pseudomonas keratitis.

Pseudomonas keratitis is difficult to treat and aminoglycosides, the drugs now used for this purpose, are not always effective. New drugs are thus needed to cure gentamicin resistant pseudomonas ocular infections. Enoxacin, a new quinolone, active in vitro against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, was evaluated in experimental ulcerative keratitis produced by a gentamicin resistant isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in rabbits. Our study shows that enoxacin eye drops eliminated pseudomonas infection of the cornea and achieved therapeutic levels in the aqueous humor. Supplementation with parenterally given enoxacin augmented this effect. Enoxacin did not penetrate the vitreous. Enoxacin eye drops may be evaluated for their clinical usefulness in case of keratitis caused by Gram-negative bacilli.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Antimicrobial activity of intravenous quinolones on the intestinal microflora in dogs.

The antimicrobial activity of intravenously given quinolones on the intestinal microflora was unknown and therefore studied in dogs with a surgically isolated loop of the jejunum. Ciprofloxacin, enoxacin and norfloxacin were actively excreted by the intestinal mucosa and achieved therapeutic levels within the lumen of this isolated jejunal loop. Also the total counts of enterococci and Escherichia coli decreased in this loop of the jejunum as well as in the stool. All three quinolones, when given intravenously, decreased the total counts of anaerobic bacteria including Bacteroides fragilis.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Enoxacin therapy for severe pleuro-pulmonary infections.

Enoxacin, a new 6-fluoroquinolone known to be active in vitro against most common pulmonary pathogens, was evaluated in comparison with ceftazidime, a third generation cephalosporin proven to be effective in the treatment of gram negative pneumonias. Clinical and microbiologic responses to therapy were satisfactory and comparable in both antibiotic groups. Enoxacin could be an effective alternative choice in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections caused by gram negative organisms.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Ciprofloxacin monotherapy for acute pelvic infections: a comparison with clindamycin plus gentamicin.

This prospective, randomized controlled study compared the efficacy and safety of ciprofloxacin alone versus a conventional two-drug regimen, clindamycin with gentamicin. The study group included 71 patients hospitalized for pelvic infections such as acute (N = 33) and chronic (N = 8) salpingitis, tubo-ovarian abscesses (N = 11), endometritis (N = 9), septic abortion (N = 3), and other categories (N = 7). Twenty-two of 35 patients on ciprofloxacin and 20 of 36 on clindamycin plus gentamicin had culturable pathogens: gonococci in 28, anaerobes in six, chlamydia in four, and associated pathogens in 19. Complete clinical and bacteriologic cure was achieved in 21 of 22 (95%) in the ciprofloxacin group and 19 of 20 (95%) in the clindamycin plus gentamicin group. The mean duration of intravenous/oral ciprofloxacin therapy was 3.7/7.2 days, and it was 3/6.6 days for clindamycin plus gentamicin. Ciprofloxacin, a new quinolone, appears to be safe as a single-drug therapy and was as effective as the combination of clindamycin plus gentamicin for the treatment of severe pelvic infections requiring hospitalization.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

Bacteriology of the appendix and the ileum in health and in appendicitis.

The bacteriology of the ileum and the appendix in appendicitis patients with or without perforation and compared with patients who had "incidental appendectomy" was studied. Of 42 appendicitis patients, 24 (57%) of them had anaerobic bacteria in the appendix compared with two of eight (25%) with normal appendix. Anaerobes were found in the ileal aspirates of 20 of 42 (47.6%) appendicitis patients and two of eight (25%) in normal persons. This suggests that anaerobic bacteria increasingly colonize the appendix and the ileum in cases of appendicitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Microflora of the human small intestine.

The human small intestine is normally sterile in nearly one half of North American subjects. In this study the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were sterile in 82, 69, and 55 per cent of the cases, respectively. Gram-positive cocci were the most frequent finding. E. coli, Enterobacter, and Klebsiella were present in the small bowel in nearly 7, 15, and 35 per cent of duodenal, jejunal, and ileal samples, respecatively. They were present in significant numbers (greater than 1 X 10(5)/ml) in the mid-jejunum in two patients and in the mid-ileum in seven patients (23 per cent). Even with modern anaerobic techniques, anaerobes are scarce in the small bowel; 4 to 6 per cent of persons may have aerotolerant anaerobes like clostridia, but strict anaerobes like bacteroides are rare. Our study provides baseline data for use in interpreting the intestinal bacterial overgrowth associated with certain postoperative disorders.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1979

Identification of species of Candida, Cryptococcus, and Torulopsis by gas-liquid chromatography.

Gas-liquid chromatography was used to identify species of Candida, Cryptococcus, and Torulopsis by fatty-acid analysis of the whole-cell hydrolysate. Candida albicans characteristically revealed 2-OH C14:0 and C19:0 (chain length:number of double bonds); these were absent in other organisms. Candida curvata was characterized by a ratio of C16:1 to C16:0 of greater than 1.0. Candida guilliermondii contained C10:0, and Candida tropicalis had no C12:0, these features were used for their identification. Cryptococcus was characterized by the absence of C16:1. Torulopsis was characterized by a C16:1 to C16:0 ratio of greater than 10 accompanied by the presence of one unidentified fatty acid. These data suggested that certain Candida, Cryptococcus, and Torulopsis (the clinically important yeast-like organisms) may be identified by gas-liquid chromatography.

Candida↗
PubMed1979

In vitro activity of mezlocillin and its related compounds against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.

A total of 900 clinical isolates of aerobic (462 isolates) and anaerobic (438 isolates) bacteria were tested against mezlocillin in comparison with other penicillins, and the aerobes were also tested against cephalothin, cefoxitin, and cefamandole. Among penicillins, mezlocillin was the most effective against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacteroides fragilis. Mezlocillin was more effective than cephalothin against Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1979

Clinical evaluation of mezlocillin.

The safety and efficacy of intravenous mezlocillin were determined in 25 patients with aerobic, anaerobic, and mixed infections. Included were pleuropulmonary, urinary tract, skin, and soft-tissue infections, osteomyelitis, and abdominal and breast abscess. Nineteen patients (76%) were cured without recurrence as determined by clinical and bacteriological parameters. In three, the infection recurred (12%); two patients failed (8%), and in one, it was indeterminate (4%). No serious adverse effects were noted except for severe thrombophlebitis in three (12%) patients. Our preliminary data suggest that mezlocillin is a safe (except for thrombophlebitis) and effective antibiotic in the treatment of aerobic anaerobic, and mixed infections.

Abscess↗
PubMed1979

Clinical and experimental evaluation of cefoxitin therapy.

30 patients were treated with i.v. cefoxitin (4-8 g/day), of which 20 had documented infections which included endocarditis (5), lung abscess (4), empyema (4), liver and subhepatic abscess (3), osteomyelitis (3), and pancreatic abscess (1). 14 patients had infections caused by anaerobic bacteria and 5 had endocarditis due to aerobic organisms. All but 2 patients with osteomyelitis of the mandible were cured. Adverse reactions were noted in 7 patients, mostly due to drug fever and leukocytosis; one had Coombs'-positive hemolytic anemia. The average serum cefoxitin levels were 24, 16, 12, and 4 microgram/ml at 1, 2, 3 and 4 h, respectively, and the average serum/pleural fluid ratio was 1:0.5 +/- 0.25. All anaerobic and aerobic isolates except one strain of Bacteroides fragilis were susceptible to cefoxitin at less than or equal to 32 microgram/ml. The concentration of cefoxitin in the tissues was measured in 8 rabbits; it was 4 +/- 1 microgram/ml in the heart and 2 +/- 0.5 microgram/ml in the femur and mandibular tissue, suggesting that the lack of response in cases of osteomyelitis could be due to inadequate antibiotic concentration in the bone. Our study suggests that cefoxitin can be used in the treatment of anaerobic infections and endocarditis due to susceptible organisms.

Abscess↗
PubMed1979

Cyclacillin: in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.

Cyclacillin at 50 microgram/ml inhibited streptococci (100%), shigella (72%), and Bacteroides (B) fragilis ss fragilis (84%). At 100 microgram/ml it inhibited proteus (75%), B. fragilis (86%), and E. coli (50%). Cyclacillin was more effective than ampicillin against beta-lactamase-producing H. influenzae. The activity of cyclacillin was found to be more enhanced when tested in nutrient agar and Mueller-Hinton agar than in brain heart infusion agar.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1979

Antimicrobial activity of antituberculosis agents against anaerobic bacteria.

Anaerobic infections may coexist with tuberculosis, and can be mistaken for one another. The effect of therapy with antituberculosis chemotherapeutic agents against anaerobic bacteria (with the exception of rifampin) is unknown. We therefore examined the in vitro efficacy of certain commonly used antituberculosis agents (rifampin, isoniazid, and ethambutol) against 370 strains of anaerobic bacteria, including 86 isolates of Bacteroides fragilis. Rifampin at a concentration of 2 microgram/ml inhibited 91 percent of all anaerobic isolates. Both ethambutol and isoniazid were totally ineffective against any of the anaerobes tested, even at 64 microgram/ml. Therapy with rifampin in an unsuspected anaerobic infection can be misdiagnosed for tuberculosis. Therefore, when tuberculosis is suspected, isoniazid and ethambutol can be used and rifampin withheld until the acid-fast bacilli are demonstrated by additional diagnostic procedures, such as transtracheal aspiration.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1979

Hemoptysis in patients with septic pulmonary infarcts from tricuspid endocarditis.

Three drug addicts with tricuspid valve endocarditis and pulmonary cavitation secondary to septic pulmonary infarcts developed massive hemoptysis. Two patients died of asphyxia and one survived. Both who died were improving clinically and had negative blood cultures when the fatal hemoptysis occurred. Therefore, however slight it may be, hemoptysis occurring in association with septic pulmonary infarcts associated with endocarditis may require prompt and aggressive measures.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Principles and practice of antibiotic therapy for post-traumatic abdominal injuries.

Improved surgical techniques, the use of modern antibiotics and better understanding of the microbiologic characteristics of abdominal sepsis have lead to a satisfying clinical outcome in instances of abdominal trauma which once meant almost certain death. Yet many questions remain unanswered. Future development of several newer antibiotics may further improve the rate of complications. A study of host defense mechanisms may provide additional clues to prevent long term morbidity. Hopefully, future studies will encourage the use of a single antibiotic in the treatment of abdominal trauma. While the newer antibiotics are being investigated, certain older antibiotics, such as penicillin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline, merit additional evaluation under controlled, prospective, randomized, comparative clinical trials.

Abdomen↗