A Japanese patient with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis has different mutations within two functional domains of CYP27.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
H Toba
Publications and source records attributed to H Toba.
[Subdiaphragmatic bronchogenic cyst in the left crus of diaphragm: report of a case].
A 39-year-old man who had a subdiaphragmatic bronchogenic cyst in the left crus of diaphragm received surgical treatment. The cyst was located in the retroperitoneum just below the diaphragm and was adhered to the left crus of diaphragm and unconnected with any other structures. The surgically resected cyst was 50 x 25 x 22 mm diameter and the wall was thin and contained white turbid mucus. Histologically, the cyst consisted of ciliated epithelium, mucus glands, smooth muscle, cartilage and this evidence established the final diagnosis of bronchogenic cyst. The post operative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged 10 days after operation. This is the 4th reported case of a subdiaphragmatic bronchogenic cyst in the Japanese literature.
Adult↗
[Three cases of emergency video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for spontaneous hemopneumothorax].
We experienced 3 cases of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for spontaneous hemopneumothorax. All the patients had received emergent operations because of massive intrathoracic bleeding. At the operation, a 3 cm-minithoracotomy and 2 trocar ports were fashioned. In the head up position, massive blood clots in the apex in the thoracic cavity was removed by using grasping forceps and the source of bleeding point was detected easily. The bleeding was successfully stopped. It was difficult to remove massive blood clots from trocar port by suction, however it was easy to remove massive blood clots from a 3 cm-minithoracotomy window by using a large grasping forceps. Post operative course was satisfactory and the all patients discharged within 2 weeks after admission. We concluded that the spontaneous hemopneumothorax may be a good indication for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.
Adolescent↗
Molecular cloning and DNA analysis of the orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase gene from the yeast Saccharomyces exiguus Yp74L-3.
The orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase gene of Saccharomyces exiguus Yp74L-3 was cloned as a DNA fragment complementing a ura4 mutation of this yeast. The coding region of the gene is 807 bp in length, and represents 68.7% similarity to the corresponding gene of S. cerevisiae (URA3). The cloned URA4 gene was shown to be located on the 790-kbp Chromosome (chr) VIII of S. exiguus Yp74L-3. The neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree based on the orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase coding sequences indicates that S. exiguus Yp74L-3 is closely related to Kluyveromyces yeasts, as well as to a S. cerevisiae laboratory strain.
Chromosome Mapping↗
Increase of gamma/delta T cells in hospital workers who are in close contact with tuberculosis patients.
gamma/delta T cells are likely to participate in the immune response to tuberculous infection in humans. In this study, we carried out an investigation to characterize the responsiveness of gamma/delta T cells from tuberculous patients and healthy individuals to mycobacterial stimulation in vitro. Healthy subjects were assigned to the following two groups: those who had been exposed to tuberculosis (contacts) and those who had not been exposed (noncontacts). The percent gamma/delta T cells in fresh peripheral blood obtained from health care workers who were tuberculin skin test positive and who had constant contact with patients with active tuberculosis (healthy contacts) was significantly higher, whereas healthy noncontacts showed the normal range of gamma/delta T cells. Patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis also had low levels of gamma/delta T cells. HLA-DR antigen-bearing activated gamma/delta T cells were observed in higher percentages among healthy contacts than among healthy noncontacts or patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. In healthy contacts, gamma/delta T cells increased as a percentage of peripheral blood mononuclear cells after in vitro stimulation with purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin compared with the percentage of fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells that they made up, whereas no such increase was observed in patients with tuberculosis or in healthy noncontacts. Phenotypic analysis of the gamma/delta T cells in healthy contacts, which increased in number in vitro in response to PPD, revealed the preferential outgrowth of CD4+ V gamma 2+ gamma/delta T cells. This expansion of gamma/delta T cells by PPD required accessory cells, and it was inhibited by the addition of an antibody against HLA-DR in culture. Proteolytic digestion of PPD showed that gamma/delta T cells increased in number in response to peptide, but not nonpeptide, components of PPD. These findings suggest that gamma/delta T cells, especially CD4+ V gamma 2+ gamma/delta T cells, may participate in the immune surveillance of tuberculous infections in humans.
Adult↗
Survey of Sarcocystis infection in cattle in east Hokkaido, Japan.
The prevalence of Sarcocystis infection was examined in older cows and imported cattle slaughtered in East Hokkaido. Samples of myocardial tissues were examined for Sarcocystis microscopically. Sarcocystis cysts were detected in 15.7% of 83 older cows, 48.4% of 91 imported cattle which were kept in East Hokkaido prior to slaughter and 51.1% of 94 imported cattle slaughtered immediately after quarantine check. Based on the morphology of the cyst wall and the establishment of infection in experimentally inoculated dog, the Sarcocystis species was identified as Sarcocystis cruzi.
Animals↗
Ultraviolet-irradiated monocytes efficiently inhibit the intracellular replication of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the antimicrobial activities of monocytes for the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI). UV radiation augmented monocyte antimicrobial activity for MAI in a dose-dependent fashion. UVB doses of greater than or equal to 25 J/m2 resulted in a 50-100-fold reduction in MAI growth 7 d after initiation of culture. The increased monocyte antibacterial effect could be blocked by a plate glass filter, indicating that wavelengths within the UVB were responsible for the effect. UV radiation did not stimulate monocyte phagocytosis, and enhanced inhibition of MAI growth was observed in populations of adherent mononuclear cells that were devoid of T cells. This suggested that UV radiation acted directly to augment intrinsic monocyte antimicrobial activities. The administration of 8-methoxypsoralen plus UVA radiation to monocytes also augmented their antimicrobial activities against MAI. UV radiation thus may serve as a unique agent by which to evaluate the mechanisms by which mononuclear phagocytes control the growth of MAI.
Blood Bactericidal Activity↗
Preservation of monocyte effector functions against Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare in patients with AIDS.
Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare is a frequent cause of late disseminated infection in patients with AIDS. The ability of human peripheral blood monocytes to phagocytose and kill M. avium was examined in an in vitro model. Monocytes were obtained from 13 healthy volunteers and 11 patients with AIDS, three of whom had documented disseminated M. avium infection. Monocytes were precultured for 2 days before infection with two AIDS-associated and two non-AIDS-associated strains of M. avium. Uptake of M. avium as measured by counting intracellular acid-fast bacilli did not differ among healthy subjects, patients with AIDS, or patients with AIDS and previously documented disseminated M. avium infection. Intracellular growth of M. avium was examined by a CFU assay of cell lysates from M. avium-infected monocytes after 0, 4, and 7 days of culture. Intracellular growth inhibition of M. avium at 7 days after infection was comparable between patients with AIDS and healthy donors for all M. avium strains tested. The effects of the addition of recombinant gamma interferon on M. avium uptake and intracellular growth in monocytes also were studied. Pretreatment of monocytes with gamma interferon prior to infection suppressed monocyte phagocytosis of M. avium. Continuously coculturing of monocytes with gamma interferon after infection augmented killing of M. avium among both patients with AIDS and healthy controls for three of the four strains of M. avium tested. The magnitude of this effect, however, was variable from donor to donor and strain to strain. No significant differences were noted between the growth-inhibiting abilities of gamma-interferon-treated monocytes obtained from healthy volunteers and those obtained from patients with AIDS.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Strain- and donor-related differences in the interaction of Mycobacterium avium with human monocytes and its modulation by interferon-gamma.
Mycobacterium avium is a cause of disseminated infection in AIDS patients. The pathogenicity of M. avium for human monocytes was examined in an in vitro model. Peripheral blood monocytes obtained from 13 healthy donors were precultured for 2 days before infection. Monocytes were infected with six AIDS-associated and three non-AIDS-associated strains and four strains of M. avium selected on the basis of colonial morphology. Uptake of M. avium detected by counting intracellular acid-fast bacilli differed according to colonial morphology: Bacteria with round and opaque colony forms were phagocytosed more readily than those with flat colonies. Virulence as defined by intracellular growth was also partly associated with colonial morphology. Some but not all bacilli with flat colony forms multiplied in human monocytes; strains of the round opaque colonial form did not. The effects of recombinant human interferon-gamma on M. avium infection also were examined. Pretreatment of monocytes suppressed phagocytosis. After infection, coculturing usually augmented mycobacterial growth inhibition by human monocytes, but these effects were variable from strain to strain. Overall, interferon-gamma produced a small but statistically significant inhibition of intracellular growth in three of four strains tested.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Pathogenicity of Mycobacterium avium for human monocytes: absence of macrophage-activating factor activity of gamma interferon.
Mycobacterium avium is a frequent opportunistic pathogen in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We compared 12 strains of M. avium in an in vitro model of pathogenicity. Peripheral blood-derived monocytes from healthy individuals were infected with M. avium in vitro. Bacterial uptake and intracellular replication were assessed by microscopic count of acid-fast bacilli and CFU of bacteria, respectively, in lysed monocytes. The CFU assay showed that among five AIDS-associated strains, only one replicated in monocytes. Two of seven non-AIDS-associated strains replicated intracellularly. In addition, we examined the effect of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) on M. avium infection. IFN-gamma treatment of monocytes decreased phagocytosis and had no effect on the intracellular replication of M. avium. Thus, most strains of M. avium do not multiply within monocytes from healthy individuals and IFN-gamma does not have macrophage-activating factor activity for M. avium infection of human monocytes.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Induction of persistent autoimmune haemolytic anaemia in mice by combined use of rat erythrocyte preimmunization and chronic GVHR.
Female F1 mice (BDF1: C57BL/6 x DBA/2, BCF1: C57BL/6 x C3H/HeN, BBF1: C57BL/6 x BALB/c) were preimmunized with rat erythrocytes and then received splenic T cells from parental female C57BL/6 mice injected with hydrocortisone acetate before killing. In BDF1 and BCF1 mice, direct Coombs' test (DCT) positivity persisted for more than 4 months in almost all mice. They also showed haematological sign of anaemia, and the survival of infused 51Cr-labelled parental C57BL/6 erythrocytes was reduced. In BBF1 mice, DCT positivity returned to negative within 2 months. Autoantibodies were eluted from DCT-positive erythrocytes and their specificities were examined. They were capable of binding equally well to erythrocytes from all strains of mice tested, including the donor mice. They also cross-reacted with rat erythrocytes but not with sheep, rabbit or human erythrocytes. Isotypes of the autoantibodies eluted were also examined. Interestingly, isotypes of the autoantibodies obtained from individual mice were confined to one or other subclass of IgG isotype: IgG1, IgG2a or IgG2b.
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune↗
[A study of the stomach X-ray of elderly patients].
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Adult↗
Human helper T cell factor(s) (ThF). I. Partial purification and characterization.
T cells obtained from pleural effusion of patients with tuberculous pleurisy were stimulated in vitro with PPD. The culture supernatant was shown to be substituted for T cells in PWM-induced IgG production by human B cells. As many as 0.5 to 3 x 10(9) lymphocytes were obtained from 1 patient, and about 85% of them were E-rosette positive, making it possible to purify human helper T cell factor(s) (ThF). Helper activity was sensitive to heating at 70 degrees C for 5 min and treatment with trypsin. ThF did not have conventional Ig determinants and was recovered in the 50 to 67% ammonium sulfate fraction. The purification was done by successive DEAE-Sephadex and CM-Sephadex ion-exchange chromatography, Sephadex G-100 gel filtration, and isoelectric focusing. It was shown that ThF activity was eluted by gel filtration in the fraction with a m.w. of about 20,000. Isoelectric focusing of this fraction revealed that ThF activity distributed in the pl range of 6.5 to 8.0, whereas TCGF activity was focused in a single peak at pI of 6.5, indicating the existence of a helper factor without TCGF activity.
Amylases↗