Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to H Tobon.
Pigmented lesions of the vagina are very rare. A benign blue nevus of the vagina in a 73-year-old woman, diagnosed clinically as malignant melanoma, is presented. Although 15 cases of blue nevi of the uterine cervix have been reported, this is the first case of blue nevus located exclusively in the vagina.
Interest in possible physiologic roles of prolactin in the developing fetus led to the present study of affinity of human prolactin to fetal rhesus cell membrane fractions. The fractions were prepared by ultracentrifugation and their composition confirmed by electron microscopy. The cell membrane preparations were derived from the fetal placenta, liver, lung, myocardium and brain. Kinetic studies showed apparent binding affinity constants for 125I-labeled human prolactin (hPRL) of the order of 10(9)M-1 and capacities of from 3 ng to over a microgram per organ in late pregnancy for all of these tissues except brain. The calculated binding capacities, although probably underestimated, were found sufficiently high to insure that a portion of maternal and fetal prolactin exists in bound form to fetal tissues, consistent with possible roles in the regulation of fetal tissue cellular function, and provided they have access to circulating PRL.
Tubular carcinoma is a neoplasm with good prognosis of features that warrant its differentiation from other mammary carcinomas and from sclerosing adenosis. Cases of nine primary unilateral neoplasms are presented and ultrastructural observations in three discussed. The mean diameter was 1.2 cm and the mean patient age was 48.7 years. None of the patients died and only one of six had residual tumor in the mastectomy specimens. Three patients had an excisional biopsy, one followed by radiation. All biopsy specimens showed infiltrating angular tubules with single-lining epithelium, minimal anaplasia, rare mitosis, and scant or absent myoepithelium. The tumor cells related to each other by desmosomes, cytoplasmic interlocking processes, and tight junctions. Myoepithelial cells were rare. Since tubular carcinomas are distinct variety of ductal epithelial neoplasms of the breast, and are well differentiated with low malignant biological behavior, a less radical approach may be the treatment of choice.
A 27-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 2, who presented with a 5-year history of dysfunctional uterine bleeding following a terminated pregnancy is described. Hysterosalpingography suggested a loss of muscle tone and a mass. Pathologic examination revealed a prominent vascular system consistent with diffuse lymphangiectasia.
Angiosarcoma of the breast, a rare tumor with very poor prognosis and insidious early manifestations, frequently is far advanced when first detected clinically. The clinical and pathologic changes in two women with primary, unilateral angiosarcoma of the breast are reviewed and the results are compared with 46 cases already published in the literature. Both patients were middle aged with symptoms for approximately 6 months prior to operation. Both frozen section reports were benign and only called malignant on permanent section. Microscopically the tumors were composed of varying sized, tortuous, elongated vascular channels. The operation varied--a modified radical and a simple mastectomy--and both patients are free from disease 4 and 2 years following operation. It is considered that, in view of the proclivity of this tumor for hematogenous metastases, an axillary dissection may not be justified.
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Prostaglandin levels in 46 human endometrium specimens were determined and expressed as both total uterine content and on a dry weight basis. Concentrations of PGF2alpha and PGE did not differ significantly between specimens obtained during the proliferative or secretory phases of the menstrual cycle. There was, however, a fourfold higher total uterine content of prostaglandins during the secretory phase. There was also a more than fourfold higher level of PGF2alpha than of PGE during the secretory phase. The two types of prostaglandins were present in nearly equal amounts during the proliferative phase. Atrophic endometrium was characterized by a high concentration of prostaglandins, but a low total amount consisting of nearly equal amounts of PGF2alpha and PGE.
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The history and fine structure of 7 human mammary glands were studied in the post partum. Widespread hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the mammary acini were observed accompanied by dilatation and engorgement of the lumen by milk. Loose strands of connective tissue surrounding the mammary lobules and ductules contained dilated, engorged vascular channels. The lactogenic epithelial cells displayed rich cytoplasm containing prominent layering stacks of rough endoplasmic reticulum closely related to the enlarged oval mitochondria, on occasion surrounding their entire circumference. Also noted were numerous ribosomes and polyribosomes. The markedly hypertrophied golgi apparatus revealed cisternae containing particulate electron dense material and vesicles with dense granules. The latter were frequently seen being discharged in the lumen devoid of limiting membrane. Abundant fat droplets were present in the basal and apical regions and "pinched off" into the lumen, apparently surrounded by a limiting membrane. The lactogenic cells were richly endowed with slender microvilli in their luminal pole and related to one another by cytoplasmic prolongations, desmosomes and tight junctions. The myoepithelium was stretched and thinned out toward the periphery of the acini between the lactogenic epithelium and the basement lamina. Abundant myofilaments were present in the myoepithelial cells. Pinocytotic vesicles were also present, although not very numerous, in both the lactogenic and the myoepithelial cells. In general the human mammary gland during lactopoiesis follows similar structural changes as those previously described in other mammals.
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