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H Tolson

Publications and source records attributed to H Tolson.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Body composition prediction equations for elderly men.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate anthropometric body composition prediction equations for elderly (i.e., > or =65 years old) men. This was necessary because of a lack of accurate and reliable predictive equations specifically developed for this population. METHODS: Seventy-five elderly men were randomly assigned to either an equation development sample (on = 50) or an equation validation sample (n = 25). Subject anthropometric measures were analyzed in a regression procedure with hydrodensitometry-determined body density, percentage of fat, fat-free mass, and fat weight to develop prediction equations for each body composition variable. The equation estimates were then validated against the hydrostatically determined measures. RESULTS: Four equations were developed and validated for the estimation of elderly male body composition variables [one each for body density (R2 = .66, SEE = +/- .01, where SEE is the standard error of estimate), percentage of fat (R2 = .66, SEE = +/- 4.43), fat-free mass (R2 = .88, SEE = +/- 3.94, and fat weight (R2 = .90, SEE = +/- 4.11)]. The equations provided estimates of body density, percentage of fat, fat-free mass, and fat weight, which were not statistically different from the hydrostatically determined criterion variables. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that accurate and reliable anthropometric predictive equations can be developed for an active and healthy elderly male population. These equations may be used for accurate epidemiological testing of this group's body composition variables.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1997

Training intensity, blood lipids, and apolipoproteins in men with high cholesterol.

Twenty-six hypercholesterolemic men (mean cholesterol, 258 mg/dl; age, 47 yr; weight, 81.9 kg) completed 24 wk of cycle ergometer training (3 days/wk, 350 kcal/session) at either high (n = 12) or moderate (n = 14) intensity (80 and 50% maximal O2 uptake, respectively, randomly assigned) to test the influence of training intensity on blood lipid and apolipoprotein (apo) concentrations. All physiological, lipid, and apo measurements were completed at 0, 8, 16, and 24 wk. Lipid data were analyzed via two x four repeated-measures analysis of variance (alpha = 0.0031). Training produced a significant decrease in body weight and increase in maximal O2 uptake. No interactions between intensity and weeks of training were noted for any lipid or apo variable, and no between-group differences were significant before or throughout training. Therefore, intensity did not affect the training response. Regardless of intensity, apo AI and apo B fell 9 and 13%, respectively, by week 16 and remained lower through week 24 (P < 0.0003). Total cholesterol fell transiently (-5.5%) by week 16 (P < 0.0021) but returned to initial levels by week 24. Triglyceride, low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol did not change with training. In contrast, HDL2 cholesterol rose 79% above initial levels by week 8 and 82% above initial levels by week 24 (P < 0.0018); HDL3 cholesterol fell 8 and 13% over the same training intervals (P < 0.0026). These data show that changes in blood lipid and apo concentrations that accompany training in hypercholesterolemic men are not influenced by exercise intensity when caloric expenditure is held constant.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Changes in serum lipids and apolipoproteins after exercise in men with high cholesterol: influence of intensity.

The purpose of this study was to characterize the short-term changes in blood lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations in healthy hypercholesterolemic men after high-intensity [80% maximal O2 uptake (VO2max); n = 20] or moderate-intensity (50% VO2max; n = 19) cycle ergometer exercise balanced for caloric expenditure (350 kcal). The men's age, height, weight, %fat, and VO2max were 46 +/- 2 yr, 173 +/- 7 cm, 82.7 +/- 2.2 kg, 28 +/- 1%, and 31.1 +/- 1.0 ml O2.kg-1.min-1, respectively. Blood samples were drawn before exercise, immediately after exercise, then 24 and 48 h later, and concentrations of all variables were adjusted for changes in plasma volume. Significant changes (P < 0.0016) were as follows: total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol fell by 4% immediately after exercise and then rose by 5-8% by 48 h. Triglycerides were 18 and 15% lower at 24 and 48 h, respectively. HDL-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein3-cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B rose 8-9% by 24 h and remained elevated. High-density lipoprotein2-cholesterol rose by 27% by 48 h after exercise, but this change was not significant. Apolipoprotein A-I did not change with exercise. The response patterns were not affected by exercise intensity. These data show that a single session of exercise performed by untrained hypercholesterolemic men alters blood lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations. Furthermore, the postexercise response patterns are not influenced by exercise intensity, as long as caloric expenditure is held constant.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Effect of a field-based campaign against tobacco use for children in grades six through eight.

An aggressive community-supported campaign against tobacco use was practiced for 3 years in Brenham, Tex, during the school years from 1987 through 1989. Physicians, role models, peers, and individuals with tobacco-related illnesses presented data to sixth, seventh, and eighth graders in the test program each year. Compared with students in two nonprogram adjacent school districts, the students in the test program seemed to decrease their desire to use tobacco in any form (smoking or chewing). A model prevention program has been developed that can be put into place in other rural or urban communities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Electrical activity and soreness in muscles after exercise.

Electrical activity and soreness in the quadriceps muscles were examined during a 48-h period after eccentric (EC) and concentric contraction (CC) to study the amplitude and frequency characteristics of the electrical signal after exercise and to study the relationship between the electrical signal and muscle soreness. The exercise protocol included a step test performed for 15 min using a 46-cm step in which one quadriceps contracted eccentrically and one contracted concentrically. Electrical activity was quantified by computing both root mean square electromyograph (rmsEMG) and mean power frequency of the myoelectrical signal during low-level contractions of the muscles. Recordings of muscle activity were made before exercise, immediately after exercise, 1, 12, 24 and 48 h after exercise in 12 volunteer subjects (mean age 28.5 yr). Recordings were made with the subject seated, holding the leg being tested slightly off the ground. Subjects were given a subjective pain rating scale. The before exercise values for rmsEMG (EC = 13.3 microV; CC = 13 microV) and mean power frequency (EC = 55.3 Hz; CC = 54.4 Hz) were within the range that would be expected for surface electrodes. The mean rating of soreness for the eccentrically exercised muscles ranged from slightly uncomfortable at 12 h after exercise to sore during the period 24-48 h after exercise. Subjects reported the concentrically exercised muscles as normal to slightly uncomfortable during the whole recording period. Analysis of variance revealed a significant (P less than 0.05) difference between EC and CC rmsEMG value at 1 h after exercise (EC = 17.2 +/- 7.6; CC = 12.3 +/- 5.5) and at 12 h after exercise (EC = 15.0 +/- 5.0; CC = 12.3 +/- 4.2). The results suggest that an increase in the electrical activity of muscles is needed to produce the same pre-exercise contraction after performing eccentric exercise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Exercise modality and selected coronary risk factors: a multivariate approach.

To evaluate group differences in coronary risk which could be attributed to the modality of habitual exercise, selected physiologic and lipid indices of coronary artery disease (CAD) were measured in 57 endurance trained (ET), strength trained (ST), or sedentary (SED) men (19 per group, aged 21 to 44 yr). Initial data reduction accomplished with principle component analysis identified three factors with eigenvalues greater than one. Orthogonal rotation of the preliminary solution demonstrated that low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), percent body fat (%BF) and VO2max, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) could be used to represent Factors 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The subsequent MANOVA using these variables proved significant. Post hoc analysis via simultaneous confidence intervals indicated that LDL-C group differences were not significant. Values for %BF and HCL-C in the ST group (14.0% and 1.17 mmol.l-1, respectively) were between but did not differ significantly from respective values in the ET (11.8% and 1.34 mmol.l-1) and SED (18.7% and 1.13 mmol.l-1) groups. However, %BF and HDL-C differences between the ET and SED groups were significant. The VO2max of the ET subjects (63.2 ml.kg-1.min-1) was significantly higher than that of either the ST or SED subjects (49.5 and 46.7 ml.kg-1.min-1, respectively). These results suggest that ET is the most effective modality of exercise for CAD risk reduction while benefits derived from ST are minimal.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Injuries in intercollegiate rodeo athletes.

Collegiate rodeo athletes (N = 156) in the National Intercollegiate Rodeo Association (NIRA) Southern Region, were examined for injuries during a 7 month (10 rodeo) season from 1987 to 1988. Sixty-two athletes sustained a total of 138 acute injuries resulting from 3292 exposures. One hundred twenty-seven injuries (92% of total injuries) occurred in the roughstock and steer wrestling events, and 11 injuries (8%) occurred in the roping and female events. When calculating opportunity for injury, rodeo athletes face an 89% potential for injury per season. Ninety-one of the injuries incurred were upper body injuries; 47 were lower body injuries. A 6:1 exposure to injury ratio among roughstock events exemplifies the magnitude of injury potential in this sport, affecting 25% of roughstock competitors. Contusions, strains, and concussions comprised 42%, 16%, and 11% of the total injuries, respectively, whereas fractures and dislocations comprised only 5% of the total. Twenty-three percent of the injuries occurred during the completion of an athlete's ride, with 21% of injuries attributed to equipment mishaps. Frequency of injury by performance, relation of seasonal participation and exposure to injury, orthotic care, use of conditioning programs, medication history, and need for enhanced sports medicine education in this sport are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Exercise performance of collegiate rodeo athletes.

In this study we examined the physical, hematologic, and exercise response of 20 male and 10 female athletes of the National Intercollegiate Rodeo Association, Central Rocky Mountain Region. Male subjects were grouped by roughstock, steer wrestling, and roping events. Female athletes were grouped separately. Maximal aerobic capacity, pulmonary ventilation, respiratory exchange ratio, energy expenditure, maximal heart rate, blood pressure, treadmill time, pre- and postexercise lactate, percent body fat, lean body mass, blood chemistry, serum lipids, and reaction/movement time were analyzed by event. No significant differences (P greater than 0.05) were found in any of these categories between male events. Mean resting blood chemistry parameters of rodeo athletes were within normal ranges. Steer wrestling athletes possessed greater body size and lean body mass than other groups. When analyzing body composition, blood pressure, and total cholesterol:high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratios, results indicate average to low risk for coronary heart disease. When compared to other intermittent-activity sport athletes, college rodeo athletes appear to have similar aerobic capacities, but possess lower lean body mass and greater percent body fat.

Adult↗